AX 25 Diagram

AX.25 version 2.2 State Diagrams LegendARRL AX.25 ver 2.
2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96

TAPR • tapr@tapr.org • www.tapr.org • (817) 383-0000 1
Data Link Disconnected State — State 0 ..................................................................... 2
Data Link Awaiting Connection State — State 1 ......................................................... 3 State Main_Idea
Data Link Awaiting Release State — State 2 ............................................................... 4

Data Link Connected State — State 3 (page 1 of 3) .................................................... 5
Data Link Connected State — State 3 (page 2 of 3) .................................................... 6
DL-RELEASE
Data Link Connected State — State 3 (page 3 of 3) .................................................... 7 Signal Reception Request
SABM
Data Link Timer Recovery State — State 4 (1 of 3) .................................................... 8
Data Link Timer Recovery State — State 4 (2 of 3) .................................................... 9
Data Link Timer Recovery State — State 4 (3 of 3) .................................................. 10
DL-UNIT-DATA UI command
Data Link Subroutines (1 of 2) ................................................................................... 11 Signal Generator Indication (p-0)
Data Link Subroutines (2 of 2) ................................................................................... 12
Link Multiplexor Idle State — State 0 ....................................................................... 13
Link Multiplexor Seize Pending State — State 1 ....................................................... 14
I frame
Link Multiplexor Seize State — State 2 ..................................................................... 15 InternalSignal
push on I
pops off
frame queue
Link Multiplexor Subroutines .................................................................................... 16 Generator & Reception queue
Management Data Link Ready State — State 0 ......................................................... 17
Management Data Link Negotiating State — State 1 ................................................ 17
Parameter Negotiation N1 Notification Subroutines .................................................. 18 Save a signal until a new
Parameter Negotiation Window Notification Subroutines ......................................... 18 state is reached
Parameter Negotiation Retry Negotiation Subroutines .............................................. 19
Parameter Negotiation T1 Negotiation Subroutines ................................................... 19
Parameter Negotiation Classes of Procedures Negotiation Subroutines .................... 20 stop T2
Processing Description
Parameter Negotiation Optional Functions Negotiation Subroutines ........................ 20 start T1
Duplex Physical Receiver Ready State — State 0 ..................................................... 21
Duplex Physical Receiver Ready State — State 1 ..................................................... 21
Duplex Physical Transmitter Ready State — State 0 ................................................. 22 peer
Duplex Physical Transmitter Start State — State 1 .................................................... 22 Test receiver
busy ?
Duplex Physical Transmitter State — State 2 ............................................................ 23
Simplex Physical Ready State — State 0 ................................................................... 24
Simplex Physical Receiving State — State 1 ............................................................. 25 establish
Simplex Physical Transmitter Suppression State — State 2 ...................................... 26 Subroutine Call data link
Simplex Physical Transmitter Start State — State 3 .................................................. 27
Simplex Physical Transmitter State — State 4 ........................................................... 28
Simplex Physical Digipeating State — State 5 .......................................................... 29 start
Simplex Physical Receiver Start State — State 6....................................................... 30 Subroutine Start transmitter
Simplex Physical Subroutines .................................................................................... 30
Reassembler Ready State — State 0........................................................................... 31
Reassembler Reassembling Data State — State 1 ...................................................... 32
Reassembler Reassembling Unit Data State — State 2 .............................................. 32 Return from Subroutine
Segmenter Ready State — State 0 .............................................................................. 33
Data Link Disconnected State — State 0 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
0 disconnected
control info not incorrect U DL- DL-UNIT-

all other all other all other DL-CONNECT
field premitted or S frame UA DM UI DISCONNECT DISC DATA SABM
commands primitives primitives request
error in frame length request request
DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL- SAT <--

indication indication indication indication UI Check DISCONNECT F <-- P UI command F <-- P initial F <-- P
(L) (M) (N) (C, D) confirm default
DM DM TIV <-- able to

No P=1? Yes
(expedited) (expedited) 2 * SAT establish ?
Yes
No
establish UA
data link (expedited)
DM F=1 DM
(expedited) (expedited)
clear
set layer 3
exception
initiated
conditions
V(s) <-- 0
0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected V(a) <-- 0
V(r) <-- 0
DL-CONNECT
indication
SAT <--
initial default
TIV <--
2 * SAT
start T3
1 awaiting
3 connected
connection
Data Link Awaiting Connection State — State 1 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
1 awaiting
connection
control info not incorrect U DL- I frame DL-UNIT-

DL-CONNECT DL-DATA all other all other timer T1
field premitted or S frame DISCONNECT SABM DISC pop off UI DATA DM UA
request request primitives primitives expiry
error in frame length request queue request
DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR

discard layer 3 layer 3 UI
indication indication indication F <-- P F <-- P Yes Yes UI check F=1? No AC = N2 ? Yes
I queue initiated ? initiated ? command
(L) (M) (N)
No F=1? No
Yes
No No
set
UA DM
layer 3 No P=1?
(expedited) (expedited) Yes
initiated
discard discard
I frame AC <-- AC + 1 I frame
Yes
queue queue
push I push I
layer 3
frame on frame on No
initiated ?
queue queue
DL- DL-ERROR
DM F=1
DISCONNECT Yes
SABM (P = 1) indication
(expedited)
indication (g)
v(s) =
Yes
v(a) ?
DL-ERROR DL-
DL-CONNECT select T1
stop T1 indication DISCONNECT
confirm No value
(D) indiciation
discard
requeue start T1
I queue
1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting DL-CONNECT 1 awaiting
connection connection connection connection connection connection connection connection connection connection connection connection connection connection indiciation connection
stop T1
stop T3
0 disconnected v(s) <-- 0 0 disconnected
v(a) <-- 0
v(r) <-- 0
select T1
value
3 connected
Data Link Awaiting Release State — State 2 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
2 awaiting
release
control info not incorrect U DL- DL-UNIT- I, AA, ANA,

all other all other timer T1
field premitted or S frame DISCONNECT SABM DISC DATA REJ, SAEJ UI UA DM
commands primitives primitives expiry
error in frame length request request

DM UI
indication indication indication F <-- P F <-- P UI check F=1? No AC = N2 ? Yes
(expedited) command
(L) (M) (N)
No F=1? No
Yes
DM UA
stop T1 No P=1? No P=1?
(expedited) (expedited) Yes
DL- DL-ERROR DL-ERROR
Yes DISCONNECT indication AC <-- AC + 1 indication
Yes
confirm (D) (H)
DL-CONNECT
confirm
DL-
DM F=1 DM F=1
stop T1 DISC P = 1 DISCONNECT
(expedited) (expedited)
confirm
stop T1
select T1
value
start T1
2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting 2 awaiting
release release release release release release release release release release release release release
0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected

Data Link Connected State — State 3 (page 1 of 3) ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
3 connected
control info not incorrect U DL- I frame

DL-CONNECT DL-DATA timer T1 timer T3
field premitted or S frame DISCONNECT pops off SABM
request request expiry expiry
error in frame length request queue
DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR discard

push on I
indication indication indication I frame AC <-- 1 AC <-- 0 F <-- P
frame queue
(L) (M) (N) queue
peer
receiver Yes
busy ?
transmit transmit
AC <-- 0 UA
No enquiry enquiry
discard clear
v(s) =
I frame DISC (P=1) Yes exception
v(a) + k ?
queue conditions
No
DL-ERROR
establish stop T3
indication
data link start T1
(F)
N(s) <-- v(s) push I
N(r) <-- v(r) frame on
p <-- 0 queue
set
v(s) =
layer 3 Yes
v(a) ?
initiated
I command
No
v(s)<-v(s)+1
discard
clear
I frame
acknowledge
queue
pending
T1 DL-CONNECT
Yes
running ? indication
No
stop T1
start T3
stop T3
v(s) <-- 0
start T1
v(a) <-- 0
v(s) <-- 0
4 timer 4 timer
recovery recovery
1 awaiting
connection
2 awaiting
release
3 connected 3 connected 3 connected

Note 1: If FRMR of XID
then pass to MDL
DL-FLOW DL-FLOW DL-UNIT-

FRMR LM-SEIZE
DISC UA DM -OFF -ON DATA UI RR RNR
(Note 1) confirm
request request request
discard DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR own own clear set peer

UI ack
I frame indication indication indication receiver Yes No receiver UI check peer receiver No
command pending?
queue (C) (E) (K) busy ? busy ? receiver busy busy
Yes
No Yes
DL-
establish establish
F <-- P DISCONNECT No P=1?
data link datalink
indication
set own clear own clear
receiver receiver acknowledge
Yes
busy busy pending
clear clear check
discard
UA layer 3 layer 3 need for
I queue
initiated initiated response
RNR enquiry enquiry
RR command
response response response
(P = 1)
(F = 0) F=1 F=0
DL-
stop T1
DISCONNECT
stop T3
indication
clear clear v(a) <=
acknowledge acknowledge N(r) <= No
pending pending v(s)
stop T1
stop T3
Yes
T1
Yes
running ?
check I N(r)
LM-RELEASE
frame error
request
No Ack'd recovery
stop T3
start T1
0 disconnected 0 disconnected
1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting

connection connection connection
3 connected 3 connected 3 connected 3 connected 3 connected

SAEJ REJ I
own
receiver Yes
busy ?
clear peer clear DL-ERROR
receiver peer receiver command ? No indication
busy busy (S) No
Yes
v(a) check
discard N(s) =
<= N(r) No need for No
I frame v(r) ?
<= v(s) ? response
info field Yes

Yes length <=
DL-ERROR discard
N1 and reject SREJ
No indication 3 connected v(r)= v(r) +1 No Yes contents of
content is exception ? enabled ?
(O) clear reject I frame
octet
aligned ? exception
P/F = 1 ? No
decrement Yes No
sreject
establish data exception if >0 save contens of
No P=1?
Yes Yes link I frame
Yes
clear discard discards SReject
DL-DATA
v(a) <- N(r) layer 3 contents of contents of exception Yes
indication
initiated I frame I frame >0
v(a) <= v(a) <=
F<-1
N(r) <= No No N(r) <=
No N(r)<-v(r)
v(s) ? v(s) ?
1 awaiting set
P=1? No reject
Yes connection
Yes exception
v(r) I Yes
N(s) > RNR
frame No
v(r) + 1 (expedited)
stored ?
v(a) <-- N(r) N(r) check I Yes
stop T1
stop T1 error frames
start T3 No
stop T3 recovery ack'd Yes
clear
F<-P
P=1? Yes Ack
N(r)<--v(r)
retrieve pending
N(r)
select T1 select T1 stored N(r)<-v(r) N(r)<-N(s)
error No
value value v(r) I F=1 F=0
recovery
frame
F<-1 REJ
N(r)<-v(r) (expedited)
push old
invoke DL-DATA Ack
I frame N(r) Yes
retransmission indication pending ?
on queue
increment
RR
SReject
No (expedited)
exception
v(r)<-v(r)+1
clear clear
LM-SEIZE SREJ
Ack Ack
request (expedited)
pending pending
set ACK
pending
1 awaiting 1 awaiting
3 connected 3 connected 3 connected 3 connected
connection connection
Data Link Timer Recovery State — State 4 (1 of 3) ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
4 Timer
Recovery
control info not incorrect U DL- I frame

DL-CONNECT DL-DATA timer T1
field premitted or S frame DISCONNECT pops off
request request expiry
error in frame length request queue
DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR discard

push on I
indication indication indication I frame
frame queue
(L) (M) (N) queue
peer
receiver Yes AC = N2 ? Yes
busy ?
AC <-- 0
No No
v(a) =
No
v(s) ?
discard
v(s) =
I frame DISC (P=1) Yes AC <-- AC + 1
v(a) + k ? Yes
queue
No
establish stop T3 transmit peer

No
data link start T1 enquiry busy ?
N(s) <-- v(s) push I
N(r) <-- v(r) frame on
p <-- 0 queue Yes
set
layer 3
initiated
I command indication indication indication
(I) (U) (T)
v(s)<-v(s)+1
clear
acknowledge
pending
DL-
T1
Yes DISCONNECT
running ?
request
No
discard
I frame
queue
stop T3
start T1
DM
1 awaiting 2 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer 4 timer

O disconnected
connection release recovery recovery recovery
Data Link Timer Recovery State — State 4 (2 of 3) Note 1: If FRMR of XID
ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
then pass to MDL
DL-FLOW DL-FLOW
FRMR
SABM RR RNR DM -OFF -ON SAEJ
(Note 1)
request request
clear set peer DL-ERROR own own DL-ERROR clear peer

F <-- P peer receiver indication receiver Yes No receiver indication receiver
receiver busy busy (E) busy ? busy ? (K) busy
No Yes
DL-
establish
UA DISCONNECT response ? Yes
data link
indication
set own clear own
receiver receiver
busy busy No
clear discard clear
response
exception Yes I frame layer 3 stop T1
&F=1?
conditions queue initiated
RNR
RR command
response
No (P = 1)
(F = 0)
DL-ERROR
stop T1 select T1
indication
stop T3 value
(F)
clear clear
command
No acknowledge acknowledge
&P=1?
pending pending
v(s) =
Yes stop T1
v(a) ? Yes
v(a) <= v(a) <=
T1
Yes N(r) <= No No N(r) <=
No running ?
v(s) ? v(s) ?
enquiry
select T1
response
value
F=1 No Yes
Yes
discard
I frame
queue
stop T3
start T1
DL-CONNECT N(r) error

No P=1? F=1? No
indication recovery
v(a) <=
Yes N(r) <=
Yes Yes
v(s) ?
No
v(a) <= 1 awaiting
stop T1
No N(r) <= v(a) <- N(r) v(a) <- N(r)
start T3 connection
v(s) ?
Yes
v(s) <-- 0
N(r) error
v(a) <-- 0 v(a) <- N(r)
recovery
v(s) <-- 0
v(a) <- N(r)
v(s) = v(s) =
No No
v(a) ? v(a) ?
v(s) =
No
v(a) ? Yes Yes
Yes
push N(r) I
start T3
frame on queue
invoke
start T3
retransmission
4 timer 1 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer 1 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer

3 connected 3 connected 0 disconnected 3 connected
recovery connection recovery recovery connection recovery recovery
Data Link Timer Recovery State — State 4 (3 of 3) ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
own
I receiver Yes
busy ?
No
DL-ERROR
command ? No indication
(S)
N(s) =
No
Yes v(r) ?
discard
I frame Yes
discard
reject SREJ
info field v(r)= v(r) +1 No Yes contents of
exception ? enabled ?
length <= clear reject I frame
DL-ERROR 4 timer
N1 and exception
No indication recovery
content is decrement Yes No
(O)
octet SReject
aligned ? exception if >0 save contens of
No P=1?
I frame
establish data
Yes link Yes
discard discards SReject
DL-DATA
contents of contents of exception Yes
indication
I frame I frame >0
clear
F<-1
layer 3
No N(r)<-v(r)
initiated
v(a) <= set
No N(r) <= P=1? No reject
v(s) ? exception
v(r) I Yes
1 awaiting N(s) > RNR
connection frame No
Yes v(r) + 1 (expedited)
stored ?
Yes
No
Yes
clear
N(r) error F<-P
v(a) <- N(r) P=1? Yes Ack
recovery N(r)<-v(r)
retrieve pending
stored N(r)<-v(r) N(r)<-N(s)
v(r) I No F=1 F=0
frame
F<-1 REJ
N(r)<-v(r) (expedited)
DL-DATA Ack
Yes
indication pending ?
increment
RR
SReject
No (expedited)
exception
v(r)<-v(r)+1
clear clear
LM-SEIZE SREJ
Ack Ack
request (expedited)
pending pending
set ACK
pending
1 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer

connection recovery recovery
Data Link Subroutines (1 of 2) ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
N(r) clear check I

establish transmit enquiry invoke
error exception frame
data link enquiry response retransmission
recovery conditions ack'd
DL-ERROR clear clear peer backtrack

P <- 1 peer
indication exception receiver N(r) <- v(r) x<-v(s); Yes
N(r) <- v(r) busy ?
(J) conditions busy v(s)<-N(r)
No
clear own own
establish AC <- 0
reject receiver Yes receiver Yes
data link P <- 1
exception busy ? busy ?
No,
N(r) = v(a)<-N(r)
Not all frames
ack'd
v(s) ? start T3
clear clear own No No push old
layer 3 SABM receiver I frame
Yes
initiated busy on queue
RNR RNR N(r) = T1
RR command RR command
command command v(a) ? running ?
Yes Yes
clear v(a)<-N(r)
stop T3
acknowledge v(s)<-v(s)+1 stop T1
(re)start T1 No
pending start T3 No
v(a)<-N(r) select T1
No V(s) = x ? start T1
restart T1 value
clear clear
acknowledge acknowledge
pending pending Yes
start T1
Data Link Subroutines (2 of 2) ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
check
UI select T1
need for
check value
response
command &
No command ? No AC = 0 ? No
P=1?
Yes Yes
Yes
enquiry new SAT <-

response &
response info field (7/8*SAT)+
F=1?
F=1 length <= (1/8*old T1
No
N1 and value) - T1
No No
content is (1/8* expired ?
Yes octet remaining time
aligned on T1 when last
stopped Yes
DL-ERROR
indication
(A) Yes
next T1 value *
next T1 value *
2** (AC + 1)
twice SAT
times SAT
DL-UNIT DL-ERROR DL-ERROR
-DATA indication indication
indication (K) (Q)
Link Multiplexor Idle State — State 0 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
0 idle Note -- Only the awaiting queue is served in this state
LM-
any other
EXPEDITED- LM-DATA LM-SEIZE LM-RELEASE queue PH-SEIZE PH-DATA PH-BUSY PH-QUIET
LM
DATA request request request empty confirm indication indication indication
primitive
request
suspend all resume all

move all PH-RELEASE frame
link layer link layer
events which request received
timing timing
are now in
the served
PH- queue onto the
EXPEDITED- queue PH-SEIZE awaiting
DATA event request queue
request
current DL
clear served
<--
DL list
requesting DL
move all
events
submitted by
current date
link to the
current
queue
0 idle 0 idle 1 seize pending 0 idle 0 idle 0 idle 0 idle 0 idle 0 idle
Link Multiplexor Seize Pending State — State 1 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
1 seize pending Note -- Only the current queue is served in this state
LM-
any other
LM
primitive
request
PH-
replace on suspend all resume all
EXPEDITED- queue finish current LM-SEIZE frame
current link layer link layer
DATA event transmission confirm received
queue timing timing
request
halt processing
of the current
queue until a
new state is
reached
0 idle 1 seize pending 1 seize pending 1 seize pending 0 idle 1 seize pending 2 seized 1 seize pending 1 seize pending 1 seize pending
Link Multiplexor Seize State — State 2 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
2 seized Note -- Only the current queue is served in this state
LM-
any other
LM
primitive
request
PH-
suspend all resume all
EXPEDITED- queue PH-DATA LM-SEIZE finish current frame
link layer link layer
DATA event request confirm transmission received
timing timing
request
0 idle 2 seized 2 seized 2 seized 0 idle 2 seized 2 seized 2 seized 2 seized

Link Multiplexor Subroutines ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
finish
frame queue
current
received event
transmission
PH-RELEASE requestor
FCS OK ? No Yes
request = current?
No
Yes
pop all frames
off current
queue
requestor
digipeat
No Yes on served
enabled ?
list?
push on
Yes served queue
No
am i to place current
push on push on push on
digipeat No DL on served
served queue awaiting queue current queue
frame ? list
Yes
current DL
<-- null
set "has been
addressed
digipeated" flag No
to me ?
in frame
Yes
PH-
LM-DATA
EXPEDITED-
indication
DATA
(note)
request
Note - The LM-DATA indication primitive is sent to the data

link machine which is responsible for communications with
the indicated remote (source) station.
Management Data Link Ready State — State 0 Management Data Link Negotiating State — State 1 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
0 ready 1 negotiating
MDL-
XID XID MDL-
NEGOTIATE XID TM201 XID FRMR
command response NEGOTIATE
request command expiry response response
request
initiate
classes of
procedures XID
AC <-- AC+1 F=1? No Yes
negotiation rejected
P = 1 ? No
initiate Yes
optional
No set segmentor
functions Yes AC >
No off set version
negotiation NM201 ?
complete 2.0 defaults
classes of
classes of procedures
MDL-ERROR MDL-ERROR Yes
initiate N1 procedures
indicate indicate negotiation MDL-ERROR
notification negotiation
(A) (B) indication
response
complete (E)
MDL-ERROR MDL-ERROR
retransmit optional
optional indication indiciation
initiate XID command functions
functions (C) (D)
window negotiation
negotiation
notification
response
complete N1
N1 start TM201
initiate retry notification
notification
negotiation
response
complete
window window
initiate T1
notification notification
negotiation
response
complete
retry retry
negotiation negotiation
response
T1 complete T1
response
AC <-- 0;
stop TM201
P <-- 1; P <-- 1
start TM201
XID MDL-
XID command response NEGOTIATE
(expedited) confirm
1 negotiating 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 1 negotiating 0 ready 0 ready 1 negotiating 0 ready 0 ready
Parameter Negotiation N1 Notification Subroutines Parameter Negotiation Window Notification Subroutines
N1 initiate window complete
initiate N1 complete N1
notification window notification window
notification notification
response notification response notification
N1 N1 window window
N1
parameter parameter k negotiation parameter parameter
No negotiation No No No No No
field field requested? field field
requested?
present? present? present? present?
Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes
add RX N1 add RX k
parameter field parameter field
to XID command to XID command
TX N1 TX N1 new k new k
No No No No
acceptable ? acceptable ? acceptable ? acceptable ?
Yes Yes Yes Yes
change to new change to new change to new change to new

set TX N1 to set TX N1 to change to change to
TX N1 from XID RX N1 from XID TX k from XID TX k from XID
default default default k default TX k
command response command response
add RX N1 add RX k
to XID response to XID response
Parameter Negotiation Retry Negotiation Subroutines Parameter Negotiation T1 Negotiation Subroutines
initiate retry complete T1
initiate T1 complete T1
retry negotiation retry negotiation
negotiation response negotiation response
retry retry T1 T1
retry T1
parameter parameter parameter parameter
No negotiation No No No negotiation No No
field field field field
requested ? requested ?
present? present? present? present?
Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes
add retry add T1

to XID command to XID command
change to new change to new
new N2 new T1
No N2 from XID No T1 from XID
acceptable acceptable?
response response
Yes Yes
change to new select and change to new select and

N2 from XID change to T1 from XID change to
command smaller N2 command smaller T1
add N2 add T1
to XID response to XID response
Parameter Negotiation Classes of Procedures Negotiation Subroutines Parameter Negotiation Optional Functions Negotiation Subroutines
initiate classes of complete initiate optional complte
optional functions optional
classes of procedures classes of functions negotiation functions
procedures negotiation procedures negotiation response negotiation
negotiation response negotiation
optional optional
optional
functions functions
functions
No No parameter No parameter
optional optional negotiation
optional requrested?
field field
functions function present? present?
functions
No No parameter No parameter
negotiation
field field
requrested?
present? present? Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes select required modulo 128 modulo 128

Yes Yes
functions acceptable ? acceptable ?
No No
full-
select required full-duplex
Yes duplex Yes
functions acceptable? add optional
selected? functions
set normal set extended set normal set extended
parameter field
to XID command
No
No
add optional
functions SREJ/REJ
Yes
set half-duplex set full-duplex set half-duplex set full-duplex acceptable?
parameter field
SREJ &
to XID command REJ Yes
No
selected?
No
SREJ
Yes
acceptable?
SREJ
Yes
No selected?
add optional
functions
No
parameter to
select implicit select selective select selective
XID response reject reject reject-reject
select implicit select selective select selective

reject reject reject-reject
add optional
functions
parameter field
to XID response
Duplex Physical Receiver Ready State — State 0 Duplex Physical Receiver Ready State — State 1
0 receiver
1 receiving
ready
acquisition all other loss of

frame
of signal primitives signal
discard
PH-DATA PH-QUIET
stop all timers erronous
indication indication
primitive
PH-BUSY
indication
1 receiving 0 receiving
0 receiver
1 receiving
ready
Duplex Physical Transmitter Ready State — State 0 Duplex Physical Transmitter Start State — State 1
0 transmitter 1 transmitter
ready start
PH-SIEZE PH-RELEASE all other T103 all other

request request primitives expiry primitives
add to normal PH-SEIZE add to normal

start T103
queue confirm queue
turn on
transmitter
1 transmitter 0 transmitter 0 transmitter 1 transmitter

2 transmitting
start ready ready start
Duplex Physical Transmitter State — State 2
2 transmitting
PH-
PH-SEIZE PH-RELEASE PH-DATA all other
EXPEDITED-
request request request primitives
DATA request
PH-SEIZE turn off add to normal

confirm transmitter queue
frame
0 transmitter
2 transmitting 2 transmitting 2 transmitting
ready
Simplex Physical Ready State — State 0 TAPR • tapr@tapr.org • www.tapr.org • (817) 383-0000 24
NOTE - Normal queue processing is enabled. Digipeater

0 ready
queue is empty
PH-
all other PH-SEIZE PH-RELEASE PH-DATA T102 acquisition all other
EXPEDITED-
primitives request request request expiry of signal primitives
DATA request
add frame to discard clear discard

add to normal clear
priority erroneous repeater acquisition erroneous
queue digipeating
queue primitive up primitive
start
set digipeating
transmitter
start
transmitter
3 transmitter 3 transmitter
0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 1 receiving 0 ready
start start
Simplex Physical Receiving State — State 1
NOTE - Normal queue and digipeating queue processing

1 receiving
is suspended
PH-
all other PH-SEIZE loss
EXPEDITED-
primitives request of signal
DATA request
priority
add frame to queue Yes
add to normal PH-DATA start empty ?
priority
queue indication T100
queue
No
start
T101 set digipeating
PH-QUIET
indication start
transmitter
1 receiving 1 receiving 1 receiving 3 transmitter 2 transmitter

start suppression
Simplex Physical Transmitter Suppression State — State 2
2 transmitter NOTE - Normal queue and digipeating queue processing

suppression is suspended
Note 2 - p is the
PH-
all other T100 acquisition all other T102 T101 persistance
EXPEDITED-
primitives expiry of signal primitives expiry expiry parameter in the
DATA request
range 0 to 1
add frame to discard

add to normal clear repater R<p
priority acquisition erroneous No
queue up (note 2)
queue primitive
Yes
priority
set
No queue
digipeating
empty ?
interrupted
No
?
Yes
start
transmitter Yes
R <- random
set digipeater number in
range 0 to 1
resume
start
processing start T102
transmitter
normal queue
start
transmitter
3 transmitter 2 transmitter 2 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 2 transmitter

suppression suppression 1 receiving 0 ready 0 ready
start start start suppression
Simplex Physical Transmitter Start State — State 3
3 transmitter NOTE - Normal queue and digipeating queue processing
start are suspended
PH-
all other T100 T104 T103 T105
EXPEDITED-
primitives expiry expiry expiry expiry
DATA request
add frame to
add to normal clear repater repeater start
priority set repeater up No
queue up up ? T106
queue
Yes
start
digipeating No
T107
start start start

T105 T105 T104 Yes
interrupted
resume Yes
processing
No
priority queue
PH-SEIZE
confirm
resume
processing
normal queue
3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter

start start 5 digipeating 4 transmitting
start start start start
Simplex Physical Transmitter State — State 4 TAPR • tapr@tapr.org • www.tapr.org • (817) 383-0000 28
NOTE - Normal queue processing is enabled. Digipeat
4 transmitting
queue processing is suspended.
PH-
all other PH-SEIZE PH-DATA T107 PH-RELEASE T106
EXPEDITED-
primitives request request expiry request expiry
DATA request
add frame to
add to normal PH-SEIZE set stop stop
priority frame
queue confirm interrupted T107 107
queue
clear set
interrupted interrupted
suspend all
queue
processing
suspend all
queue
processing
priority
stop
queue Yes
T106
empty ?
No
resume
turn off
processing
transmitter
digipeat queue
start
set digipeating
T108
4 transmitting 4 transmitting 4 transmitting 4 transmitting 5 digipeating 6 receiver start

Simplex Physical Digipeating State — State 5 TAPR • tapr@tapr.org • www.tapr.org • (817) 383-0000 29
NOTE - Normal queue processing is suspended. Digipeat

5 digipeating
queue processing is enabled.
PH- priority
all other priority T106
EXPEDITED- queue
primitives frame expiry
DATA request empty
add frame to
add to normal
priority frame
queue
queue
turn
off
transmitter
clear
digipeating
start
T108
suspend
processing
digipeat queue
5 digipeating 5 digipeating 5 digipeating 6 receiver start

Simplex Physical Receiver Start State — State 6 Simplex Physical Subroutines
NOTE - Normal queue and digipeat queue processing is start

6 receiver start transmitter
acquisition
suspended.
suspend
priority queue set repeater up
processing
PH-
all other T108
EXPEDITED- suspend all
primitives expiry
DATA request normal queue stop all timers
processing
add frame to
add to normal start stop all timers
suspend
priority priority queue
queue T100 expect T100
queue processing
syspend normal
start
start T103
queue
T101 processing
PH-BUSY PH-BUSY
indiciation indiciation
PH-QUIET
indication
turn on
transmitter
2 transmitter
6 receiver start 6 receiver start
suspression
Reassembler Ready State — State 0 TAPR • tapr@tapr.org • www.tapr.org • (817) 383-0000 31
0 ready
all other DL-UNIT-

DL-DATA
DL DATA
indication
primitives indication
send
unmodified
primitive segment segment
info info
No No
element element
present? present?
Yes Yes
DL-DATA first first

No No
indication segment ? segment ?
Yes Yes
allocate buffers allocate buffers

discard DL-UNIT-DATA
for all for all
segment indiciation
segments segments
accumulate DL error (Z) accumulate

first segment indication first segment
N <-- number N <-- number

of segments of segments
remaining remaining
start start
TR210 TR210
1 reassembling 2 reassembling
0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready
data unit data
Reassembler Reassembling Data State — State 1 Reassembler Reassembling Unit Data State — State 2
data unit data
DL-UNIT-
TR210 DL-DATA all other DL TR210 all other DL
DATA
expiry indication primitives expiry primitives
indication
discard all segment discard all discard all segment discard all
accumulated PID No accumulated accumulated PID No accumulated
segments present? segments segments present? segments
Yes Yes
DL-ERROR stop DL-ERROR stop
indication (Z) TR210 indication (Z) TR210
subsequent subsequent
No No
segment? segment?
DL-ERROR DL-ERROR
Yes indiciation (Z) Yes indiciation (Z)
number save number save

remaining No received DL remaining No received DL
segments=N? primitive segments=N? primitive
Yes Yes
discard all discard all

No N=0? accumlated No N=0? accumlated
segments segments
Yes Yes
stop stop
TR210 TR210
restart stop restart stop
TR210 TR210 TR210 TR210
DL-ERROR DL-ERROR
indication (Z) indication (Z)
assemble this assemble last assemble this assemble last
segment to segment to segment to segment to
previous previous previous previous
DL-DATA DL-DATA
0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready
data unit data
Segmenter Ready State — State 0 ARRL AX.25 ver 2.2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96
0 ready
DL-UNIT
DL-DATA all other DL
-DATA
request primitives
indication
send
unmodified
primitive
longer than longer than
No No
N1 octets ? N1 octets ?
Yes Yes
longer than longer than

Yes Yes
(N1*128)? (N1*128)?
No No
DL-ERROR DL-ERROR
divide into DL-DATA divide into DL-UNIT-DATA
segments request segments request
(Y) (Y)
insert segments insert segments

info elements at info elements at
start of each start of each
segment segment
DL-DATA DL-UNIT-DATA
request request
all all
segments No segments No
sent? sent?
Yes Yes
0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready 0 ready

AX 25 Diagram

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AX 25 Diagram

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AX.25 version 2.2 State Diagrams LegendARRL AX.25 ver 2.

2 State Diagrams • 1st Revision 2/26/96

Data Link Awaiting Release State — State 2 ............................................................... 4

control info not incorrect U DL- DL-UNIT-

DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL- SAT <--

DM DM TIV <-- able to

control info not incorrect U DL- I frame DL-UNIT-

DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR

control info not incorrect U DL- DL-UNIT- I, AA, ANA,

DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR

0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected 0 disconnected

control info not incorrect U DL- I frame

DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR discard

3 connected 3 connected 3 connected

DL-FLOW DL-FLOW DL-UNIT-

discard DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR own own clear set peer

1 awaiting 1 awaiting 1 awaiting

3 connected 3 connected 3 connected 3 connected 3 connected

info field Yes

control info not incorrect U DL- I frame

DL-ERROR DL-ERROR DL-ERROR discard

establish stop T3 transmit peer

1 awaiting 2 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer 4 timer

clear set peer DL-ERROR own own DL-ERROR clear peer

DL-CONNECT N(r) error

v(a) <- N(r)

4 timer 1 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer 1 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer

1 awaiting 4 timer 4 timer

N(r) clear check I

DL-ERROR clear clear peer backtrack

enquiry new SAT <-

0 idle Note -- Only the awaiting queue is served in this state

suspend all resume all

2 seized Note -- Only the current queue is served in this state

0 idle 2 seized 2 seized 2 seized 0 idle 2 seized 2 seized 2 seized 2 seized

Note - The LM-DATA indication primitive is sent to the data

Yes Yes Yes Yes

change to new change to new change to new change to new

add retry add T1

change to new select and change to new select and

Yes Yes Yes select required modulo 128 modulo 128

select implicit select selective select selective

acquisition all other loss of

PH-SIEZE PH-RELEASE all other T103 all other

add to normal PH-SEIZE add to normal

1 transmitter 0 transmitter 0 transmitter 1 transmitter

Duplex Physical Transmitter State — State 2

PH-SEIZE turn off add to normal

NOTE - Normal queue processing is enabled. Digipeater

add frame to discard clear discard

NOTE - Normal queue and digipeating queue processing

1 receiving 1 receiving 1 receiving 3 transmitter 2 transmitter

Simplex Physical Transmitter Suppression State — State 2

2 transmitter NOTE - Normal queue and digipeating queue processing

add frame to discard

3 transmitter 2 transmitter 2 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 2 transmitter

start start start

3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter 3 transmitter

4 transmitting 4 transmitting 4 transmitting 4 transmitting 5 digipeating 6 receiver start

NOTE - Normal queue processing is suspended. Digipeat

5 digipeating 5 digipeating 5 digipeating 6 receiver start

Simplex Physical Receiver Start State — State 6 Simplex Physical Subroutines