UNIT Connectors and linkers (1): UNIT

124 coordinating, concessive EXERCISES Connectors and linkers (1): coordinating, concessive 124
To join elements within a sentence or sentences within a text, we use conjunctions, prepositions, 124.1 Join the two sentences using both… and…
adverbs or adverbial expressions called ‘connectors’ or ‘linkers’ 1 I eat meat. I eat fish. I eat both meat and fish
..................................................................................................... .
2 She cooked on Saturday. She cooked on Sunday. ..................................................................................................... .
shows the most common connectors. 3 We drank white wine. We drank red wine. ..................................................................................................... .
4 He had lunch at home. He had dinner at home. ..................................................................................................... .
A • and / both… and…join two or more elements of a sentence. And is also used at the end of a 5 She wants a starter. She wants a main course. ..................................................................................................... .
list, after other terms separated by commas. 6 Paul’s eaten enough. Jane’s eaten enough. ..................................................................................................... .
I play the piano and I sing in the choir.
My mother can both speak and write in Arabic. 124.2 Complete the sentences using either… or (+) or neither… nor (–).
In my room, there’s a bed, a wardrobe, a desk and a chair. 1 (German / Dutch) (+) either German or Dutch
.................................................................................................... .
2 (a Jonathan / a Cox) (+) ........................................................................................................ .
B • or / either… or… propose an alternative. 3 (polite / fast) (–) ......................................................................... .
You can have a cake or a sandwich. 4 (cheap / good) (–) The oranges I bought were ...................................................................................... .
Either you do it now or you’ll never do it. 5 (a carrot / tomato soup) (+) You can have ...................................................................................................................... .
• neither… nor excludes both elements. 6 (long / interesting) (–) The new menu was ....................................................................................................... .
Neither Helen nor Simon can go.
For the use of both, either and neither, see page 240. 124.3 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
but on the other hand (x2) however (x2) though
C • but contradicts two sentences or two elements of a sentence. but
1 I liked most of the food, ............................................................. I was disappointed with the dessert.
I like her hat but it doesn’t go with her dress. 2 It’s a beautiful morning, ............................................................. they say it’ll rain after lunch.
3 I’d love to go on a cruise, but ............................................................. it’s so expensive.
• on the other hand… balances two different ideas. It can be preceded by on the one hand… 4 Paul took the last copy of the CD, ............................................................. he knew that I wanted it.
I would like to get a degree, but on the other hand, I don’t feel like studying for so many years. 5 This is a difficult task. ............................................................., I’d like to undertake it.
• however / though (informal use) are adverbs. is placed at the end of a sentence. 6 On the one hand, it’s a big flat, but ............................................................., it’s too far away.
However can be placed either at the beginning or end of a sentence.
He looks like a tough guy. He’s quite shy, though.
124.4 Match the two parts of the sentences.
. c 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5 .......... 6 .........
1 ..........
His story is true. However, I wouldn’t trust him.
1 He’s a very rude boy, a however much you study.
2 I got lost in the city, b though it seems like a good idea.
D • although / though introduce a clause that makes the statement in the main clause seem
3 I arrived at work on time, c although he’s from a good family.
surprising or unexpected.
4 You’ll never understand Latin, d even though I had a map.
Although / Though he’s a very young writer, he’s already won an important award. 5 It will never work in practice, e despite her greying hair.
• even though refers to a real fact, as opposed to even if that is used to make a hypothesis. 6 She still looks very young, f in spite of the transport strike.
I went to the beach even though it was raining.
We’ll go to the beach, even if it’s raining. 124.5 Complete the paragraph with the appropriate connectors.
• despite / in spite of (+ noun or verb in -ing form, often preceded by a possessive adjective). I always have breakfast in the morning. On weekdays, I have milk (1) ............................. and cereal, toast
I’m going to buy that house in spite of its price.
(2)
............................. jam, (3)
............................. I drink a cup of tea. You may say it’s a big breakfast,

I couldn’t eat any of that food despite (my) being very hungry.
(4)
............................. you should see what I eat on Saturdays (5) ............................. Sundays. I always have

(also: …even though I was very hungry.) either bacon (6) ............................. sausages and eggs. I drink (7) ............................. fruit juice and tea and I eat
• however (+ adjective or adverb). some fruit as well. I hardly ever have lunch, (8) ............................. .
© Helbling Languages

© Helbling Languages