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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand a single pair of brackets


Example 1: Expand w (x + y)

w ( x + y )

= w x x + w x y
= wx + wy
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 2: Expand 3 (a - c)

3 ( a - c )
= 3 x a - 3 x c

= 3a - 3c

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 3: Expand 7g (m + 2n)

7g ( m + 2n )
= 7g x m + 7g x 2n

= 7gm + 14gn

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 4: Expand 4e ( r + 2s – 8t)

4e ( r + 2s - 8t )
= 4e x r + 4e x 2s - 4e x 8t

= 4er + 8es - 32et

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 1: Expand (w + v)(x + y)

( w + v ) ( x + y )

= wxx + w x y +vxx + vxy


= wx + wy + vx + vy

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(c + d)

( 2e + f ) ( c + d )

= 2e x c + 2e x d +fxc + fxd
= 2ce + 2de + cf + df

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 3: Expand (2m + n)(p - s)

( 2m + n ) ( p - s )

= 2m x p + 2m x (-s) + n x p + n x (-s)
= 2mp - 2ms + np - ns

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 1: Expand (r + 4)(r + 3)

( r + 4 ) ( r + 3 )
= rxr + r x 3 +4xr + 4x3
= r2 + 3r + 4r + 12
= r2 + 7r + 12
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(e + 2f)

( 2e + f ) ( e + 2f )
= 2e x e + 2e x 2f +fxe + f x 2f
= 2e2 + 4ef + ef + 2f2
= 2e2 + 5ef + 2f2
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

EXERCISE

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 3: Expand (w + 4)(w - 3)

( w + 4 ) ( w - 3 )
= wxw + w x (-3) + 4 x w + 4 x (-3)
= w2 - 3w + 4w - 12
= w2 + w - 12
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS


In general , (a+b)2= a2 + 2ab + b2 or
(a-b)2= a2 - 2ab + b2

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand same pairs of brackets


Example 1: Expand (r + 4)2

( r + 4 ) ( r + 4 )

= rxr + r x 4 +4xr + 4x4


= r2 + 4r + 4r + 16
= r2 + 8r + 16 AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand same pairs of brackets


Example 2: Expand (2e + f)2

( 2e + f ) ( 2e + f )

= 2e x 2e+ 2e x f + f x 2e + f x f
= 4e2 + 2ef + 2ef + f2
= 4e2 + 4ef + f2 AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Expand same pairs of brackets


Example 3: Expand (w - 4)2

( w - 4 ) ( w - 4 )

= w x w+ w x (-4) + (-4) x w + -(4) x (-4)


= w2 - 4w - 4w + 16
= w2 -8w + 16 AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

State the factors of an algebraic term


Example 1: 2m
1, 2, m, 2m

Example 2: 4g
1, 2, 4, g, 2g, 4g

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

State the factors of an algebraic term


Example 3: 12y
1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12, y, 2y, 3y, 4y, 6y, 12y

Example 4: 15k
1, 3, 5, 15, k, 3k, 5k, 15k

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Write all the factors of the
following algebraic terms.
1. 5 j 3. 5 n2

2. 14 p 4. abc

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

CONCEPT OF
FACTORISATION OF
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Highest Common Factor (HCF)


Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 1 : Example 2 :
6h & 4gh 2pq & 4q
2 6h , 4gh 2 2pq , 4q
h 3h , 2gh q pq , 2q
3 , 2g p , 2
HCF = 2 x h HCF = 2 x q
= 2h = 2q
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Highest Common Factor (HCF)


Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 3 : Example 4 :
14v2 & 8v 5cd2 & 10cd
2 14v2 , 8v 5 5cd2 , 10cd
v 7v2 , 4v cd cd2 , 2cd
7v , 4 d , 2
HCF = 2 x v HCF = 5 x cd
= 2v = 5cd
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

EXERCISE

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise the following algebraic term


Example 1: 2pq + 4qr

2 2pq + 4qr
q pq + 2qr
p +
(p 2r
2r)

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise the following algebraic term


Example 2: mn – mn2

m mn - mn2

n - n 2
n
(1
1 - n
n)

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise the following algebraic term


Example 3: 3ab + 6bc - 9b2

3ab + 6bc - 9b 2
3
2
b ab + 2bc - 3b
( a + 2c - 3b
3b)

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

EXERCISE

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 9: ag + 3a + 2g + 6
(ag
a(g + 3)
3a
a )+ (2
2g
(g + 2
3)
6 )

(a (g + 3) + 2 (g
) + 3)

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 10: mn + 4n + 2m + 8
((m
mn
n++ n) +( 2
4)4n 2m 4))
(m +28

(n (m + 4) + 2 (m
) + 4)

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

EXERCISE

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. ac + ad + bc + bd
2. ax + ay + bx + by
3. gh + 2h + 3g + 6
4. a2 + ab + 2a + 2b
5. de + d2 + ef + df

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise a2- b2
Example 11: a 2 – b2
aa2 –+- bb2))
((a

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise a2- b2
Example 12: m2 – n 2
–- n 2))
m2 +
((m

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise a2- b2
Example 13: 16m2 – 25n2
16m2 – 25n2
((4m
44m –- 5n
2m2 + 5n
5 2)n2)

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

EXERCISE

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 1: y2 + 8y + 16
4
1st Step:
16 = 1 x 16 (y 4)
16 = 2 x 8
+
+4y

16 = 4 x 4
2nd Step:
+
+4y
8= 4+ 4 (y + 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 2: y2 + 9y + 14
2
7
1st Step:
14 = 1 x 14 (y 2)
14 = 2 x 7
+
+2y

2nd Step:
+
+7y
9= 2+ 7
(y + 7)
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise:
• Page 135
• Ex.6.2C
•1 - 8
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise completely (Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2)


1. m2 + 12m + 36 2. a2 + 4a +4
3. j2 + 4j +3 4. k2 + 7k +12
5. b2 + 8b +15 6. f2 + 6f +8
7. g2 + 9g +14 8. s2 + 10s +16
9. h2 + 5h +6 10. r2 + 7r +10

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 3: y2 - 6y + -824
1st Step:
8= 1x8 (y -2)
-2y
8= 2x4

2nd Step:
-4y
-6 = -2 - 4
(y - 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 4: y2 - 10y +- 3721


1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21 (y -3)
-3y
21 = 3 x 7

2nd Step:
-7y
-10 = -3 - 7
(y - 7)
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. y2 – 3y + 2 6. y2 – 8y + 15
2. y2 – 5y + 6 7. y2 – 9y + 18
3. y2 – 7y + 12 8. y2 – 8y + 12
4. y2 – 7y + 10 9. y2 – 12y + 35
5. y2 – 9y + 14 10. y2 – 14y + 45

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise:
• Page 134
• Ex.6.2B
• 1 - 15
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise a2 + 2ab - b2
Example 5: y2 + 5y - +9
36
-4
1st Step:
36 = 1 x 36 (y +9)
36 = 2 x 18 +9y
36 = 3 x 12
36 = 4x 9
36 = 6x 6
-4y
2nd Step:
5= 9- 4 (y - 4)
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 6: y2 + 4y - +7
21
-3
1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21 (y +7)
21 = 3 x 7 +7y

2nd Step:
4= 7- 3
-3y

(y - 3)
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. y2 + y – 6 6. y2 + 4y – 12
2. y2 + 2y – 15 7. y2 + y – 42
3. y2 + 6y – 27 8. y2 + 4y – 21
4. y2 + 3y – 10 9. y2 + 7y – 30
5. y2 + 3y – 18 10. y2 + 10y – 24

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 7: y2 - 3y - 10
+2
-5
1st Step:
10 = 1 x 10 (y -5)
10 = 2 x 5 -5y

2nd Step:
-3 = - 5 + 2 +2y

(y +2)
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 8: y2 - 3y - 28
+4
-7
1st Step:
28 = 1 x 28 (y -7)
28 = 2 x 14 -7y

28 = 4 x 7
2nd Step:
-3 = - 7 + 4 +4y

(y + 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. y2 – 2y – 8 6. y2 – 5y – 36
2. y2 – 3y – 18 7. y2 – y – 12
3. y2 – 5y – 14 8. y2 – 2y – 24
4. y2 – 7y – 30 9. y2 – 6y – 7
5. y2 – y – 20 10. y2 – y – 6

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

FACTORISE AND SIMPLIFY


ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following expressions:

Example 1:

4
8xy 4y
  4y
1
2 x 1

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 2:

5 a
2
20 a b 5a
4 ab

1
 5a
1

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Page 138
Ex. 6.2F
No. 1 abcd

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following algebraic


fractions to the lowest terms Working Space

Example 3:
1
6g  4
2 6g + 4
2(3 g  2)
 3g + 2
4 42
3g  2 2 ( 3g + 2 )

2
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Working Space
Example 4:
2 2a - 8b
2a  8b 2(a  4b)
 a - 4b
2c 2c
2 ( a – 4b )

a  4b

c AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Page 138
Ex.6.2F
No. 2 only

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

ADDITION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following:

Example 1:

3x 2 x 3x  2 x 5x
  
7 7 7 7

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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

g  3 2g  4
Example 2:

3 3
g  3  2g  4

3

3g  7

3
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

SUBTRACTION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following:

Example 1:

9p 2p 9p 2p 7p
  
10 10 10 10

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 2: 9 f 8 2 f 5

hk hk

9 f  8  2f - 5

hk
7 f 3

hk AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

8k  7 7k  2
Example 3: 
2abc 2abc

8k  7  7k + 2

2abc
k 9

2abc AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Page 139
Ex. 6.3A
No. 1,2,3,5,10,11,12,
13,14,15
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

ADD OR SUBTRACT TWO


ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS WITH
ONE DENOMINATOR AS A
MULTIPLE OF THE OTHER
DENOMINATOR

AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following:

Example 1: 3 xx2 2 x

2 x2 4
6 x 2x
 
4 4
8x
  2x
4 AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

4h x 3 2h
Example 2: 
5 x 3 15
12 h 2h
 
15 15
12h  2h 14h
 
15 15
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

5 hx2 2 h
Example 3: 
6 x 2 12
10 h 2h
 
12 12
10h  2h 8h 2h
  
12 12 3
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

ADD AND SUBTRACT


ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
WITHOUT ANY COMMON
FACTORS

AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following:


Example 1:

3 px 5 2rx 2 15 p  4r
 
2x5 5x 2 10

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

8x n f  5 x m
Example 2: 
mx n nx m
8n  fm – 5m

mn

8n  fm  5m

mn
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

2  xx y 3 xx x
Example 3: 
xxy yx x
2y - xy + 3x2

xy

2 y  xy  3x 2

xy
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Page 142&143
ALL
Ex.6.3C

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

MULTIPLICATION
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following:

Example 1:

3 2 3 2 6
  
5 7 5  7 35

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 2:

m p m  p mp
  
n q n  q nq
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

5p
Example 3:
1
r
5p  r  5 p 5 pr
2 
2 2
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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

( x  y) 4g
Example 4: 
h (e  f )
( x  y)  4 g

h  (e  f )
4 g ( x  y)

h (e  f )
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise

AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Page 85
Ex.7
No. 1 to 12
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

DIVISION OF TWO
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

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AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Simplify the following:

Example 1:


3 2 3
 
5 7 5
7 3  7 21
 
2 5  2 10
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

5p
Example 2: 1


r r 1
5p 
2 2 5p
r 1 r
 
25 p 10 p
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Example 3:


2c 5 2c 4e
 
3d 4e 3d 5
2c  4e 8ce
 
3d  5 15d
AIRIL AHMAD
Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Exercise
Page 85
Ex.7
No. 13 to 29
AIRIL AHMAD

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