CBLM Computer System Final

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING
MATERIAL
Sector: ELECTRONICS
Qualification Title: COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER
SYSTEM
SUMMARY OF COMPETENCY – BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
NO. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Install and Configure Installing and Configuring ELC724331
Computer System Computer System
2 Set – up Computer Networks Setting – up Computer ELC724332
Networks
3 Set – up Computer Servers Setting – up Computer ELC724333
Servers
4 Maintain and Repair Computer Maintaining and Repairing ELC724334
Systems and Networks Computer Systems and
Networks
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:
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Colleges of Servicing NC II September 2015
Southern Phils. Install and Developed by: Issued by: Page
Training Center Configure
Revision No.: 2 of 56
Computer System John Paul Romano
Welcome to the module in “Installing and Configuring Computer Systems”. This
module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency, “INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS”, is
one of the competencies of COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NCII, a course which
comprises the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for a TVET trainee to possess.
The module, Installing and Configuring Computer Systems, contains training
materials and activities related to assembling computer hardware, preparing installers,
Installing operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices, Installing application software
and Conducting test and documentation.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome are Information Sheets, Self-
checks, Operation Sheets, Task Sheets, and Job Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on
your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
 Read information sheet and complete the self – checks.
 Perform the Task Sheets, Operation Sheets, and Job Sheets until you are confident that
your outputs conform to the Performance Criteria Checklists that follow the said work
sheets.
 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets, Operation Sheets, and Job Sheets to your facilitator
for evaluation and recording in the Achievement Chart. Outputs shall serve as your
portfolio during the Institutional Competency Evaluation. When you feel confident that
you have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results of your
assessment will be recorded in your Achievement Chart and Progress Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency before
moving to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be awarded to you after
passing the evaluation.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the module on Set – up
Computer Networks.
MODULE CONTENT

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Install and Configure Computer System
MODULE TITLE: Installing and Configuring Computer
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to set – up and
configure computer system Desktop Computers and Laptops. It consists of competencies to
assembling computer hardware, preparing installers, Installing operating system and drivers
for peripherals/ devices, Installing application software and Conducting test and
documentation.
Nominal Duration: 50 hours
At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:
1. Assemble computer hardware.

2. Install operating system and drivers for peripherals / devices.
3. Install application software.
4. Perform testing and documentation.
COMPETENCY SUMMARY
Qualification Title : Computer Systems Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency : Install and Configure Computer System
Module Title : Installing and Configuring Computer

System

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This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to set-up and configure
computer systems for desktop computers and laptops. It consists of competencies to
assembling computer hardware, preparing installers, Installing operating system and drivers
for peripherals/ devices, Installing application software and Conducting test and
documentation.
Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this module, you MUST be able to:
1. Assemble computer hardware

2. Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices
3. Install application software
4. Conduct testing and documentation
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Unit assembly is planned and prepared to ensure OH&S policies and procedures are
followed in accordance with systems requirements.
2. Materials necessary to complete the work are identified and obtained in accordance
with established procedures and checked against systems requirements
3. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work are
obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked for correct operation
and safety
4. Computer hardware is assembled in accordance with established procedures and

systems requirements
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE
CONTENTS:
1. Follow the OH & S policies and procedures to ensure operation safety requirements
2. Plan and prepare unit assembly
3. Identify and obtain the materials, tools and equipment in accordance with job
requirements
4. Assemble computer hardware in accordance with job and system requirements

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Unit assembly is planned and prepared to ensure OH&S policies and procedures are
followed in accordance with systems requirements.
2. Materials necessary to complete the work are identified and obtained in accordance
with established procedures and checked against systems requirements
3. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work are
obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked for correct operation
and safety
4. Computer hardware is assembled in accordance with established procedures and
systems requirements
CONDITIONS: The student/trainee must be provided with the following:

 Computer system
 Anti –Static Wrist Strap
 Set of Screw Driver
 Cutter
 Allen Wrench
 Flashlight
 Sharp Pointed Tweezer
 Cable Tie
 Manual
 Personal Protective Equipment
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Hands-on
2. Direct observation
3. Practical demonstration
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Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
Assemble computer hardware
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet 1.1- If you have some problem on the content of the
1 ” OHS Policies and information sheet don’t hesitate to approach
Procedures” your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
the content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self-check provided in the module.
2. Answer self-check 1.1-1 Compare your answer to the answer key 1.1-1.
If you got 100% correct answer in this self-
check, you can now move to the next
information sheet. If not review the information
sheet and go over the self-check again.
3. Read information sheet 1.1-2 If you have some problem on the content of the
”Plan and prepare unit information sheet don’t hesitate to approach
assembly” your facilitator.
check, you can now move to the next
information sheet. If not review the information
sheet and go over the self-check again.
5. Read information sheet 1.1-3 If you have some problem on the content of the
“Identify materials, tools information sheet don’t hesitate to approach
and equipment” your facilitator.

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check, you can now move to the next task
sheet. If not review the information sheet and
go over the self-check again.
7. Read information sheet If you have some problem on the content of the
1.1-4 “Assembling information sheet don’t hesitate to approach
Computer” your facilitator.
now answer self check provided in the module.
Perform Task sheet 1.1.-4
check, you can now move to the next Learning
Outcome. If not review the information sheet
and go over the self-check again.

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1
OHS Policies and Procedures
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify and apply OHS
policies and procedures in Computer Hardware Servicing.
Occupational Health and Safety Policy
Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all occupational health and
safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also
protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities,
and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may
involve interactions among many subject areas, including occupational medicine, occupational
(or industrial) hygiene, public health, safety engineering, chemistry, health physics.
Safety practices should be learned early and always adhered to when working with any
electrical device, including personal computers and peripherals. This is for the protection of
not only the people working with them, but also for the devices themselves. The basis for this
process begins with your Occupational Health and Safety Policies.
Personal Safety While Working Along With PC’s
While working inside your computer, do not attempt to service the computer except as
explained in this guide and elsewhere in product documentation. Always follow the instructions
closely.
Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even killed
if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when working along PC’s. The following are some
precautionary measures to take before working with any computer equipment:
Before you start to work on the computer, perform the following steps in the sequence
indicated:
1. Turn off the computer and all peripherals.
2. Touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis, such as the metal around
the card-slot openings at the back of your computer, before touching anything inside
your computer.
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3. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical outlets. Doing so reduces the potential
for personal injury or shock. Also disconnect any telephone or telecommunication lines from the
computer.
NOTE: Before disconnecting a peripheral from the system or removing a component from
the system board, verify that the standby power light-emitting diode (LED) on the system
board has turned off.
While you work, periodically touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis to
dissipate any static electricity that might harm internal components.
In addition, it is recommended that you periodically review the safety instructions in your
System Information Guide.
Additional Safety tips:

 Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being
shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.
 Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
 Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.
 Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment.
 Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.
 When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down properly. Do not turn it off
with the case switch.
 Don’t eat or drinks while working.
Self Check 1.1.1
Directions:
Identify at least 10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies and procedures in CHS.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Did the Trainee overall performance meet the required

evidence/standard?
Yes No
ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies and procedures in CHS.
1. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical outlets.
2. Touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis, such as the metal
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around the card-slot openings at the back of your computer, before touching
anything inside your computer
3. Turn off the computer and all peripherals
4. Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of
being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.
5. Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
6. Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.

7. Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment.
8. Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.
9. When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down properly. Do not
turn it off with the case switch.
10. Wear anti static materials.
PLAN AND PREPARE UNIT ASSEMBLY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
1. Prepare the required documents or forms before you do a well planned installation
2. Identify the qualifications to be a certified hardware professional so that you could be
allowed and authorized to do a well planned installation
Are you the person everyone calls when they have a computer problem? Have you
considered getting paid for fixing near-fatal errors and turning your PC prowess into a
business? According a recent report, sales of computer services are expected to exceed $47
billion this year in the U.S. alone, with PC repair leading the way. But there are some
requirements that you need to know before joining the bandwagon of Computer Hardware
Servicing trade, like document/forms (e.g. Job Orders, Request Forms, and Report Sheets)
and qualifications for personnel in repairing computers.

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REQUIRED DOCUMENTS/FORMS:
A. Job Order
A Job order (known as works order outside of the United States because the work is
produced in a manufacturing area known as the works) or job order (sometimes job
ticket or work ticket, as it often has some type of ticket attached) is an order received by an
organization from a customer or client, or an order created internally within the organization. A
work order may be for products or services.
In a manufacturing environment, a work order is converted from a sales order to show

that work is about to be begin on the manufacture, building or engineering of the products
requested by the customer. In a service environment, a work order can be equivalent to a
service order where the WO records the location, date and time the service is carried out and
the nature of work that is done. The type of personnel (e.g. job position) may also be listed on
the WO. A rate (e.g. $/hr, $/week) and also the total amount of hours worked and total value is
also shown on the work order.
A work order may be a maintenance or repair request from students, faculty or staff in a
university.
Orders received from outside an organization are often dispatched (reviewed and
scheduled) before being executed. Work orders may be for preventive maintenance
Contractors may use a single job work order and invoice form that contains the
customer information, describes the work performed, lists charges for material and labor, and
can be given to the customer as an invoice.
A job order is an internal document extensively used by projects-based, manufacturing,

building and fabrication businesses. A job order may be for products and/or services. In a
manufacturing environment, a job order is used to signal the start of a manufacturing process
and will most probably be linked to a bill of material. Hence, the job order will probably state:
1. the quantity of the product to be manufactured, built or fabricated

2. the amount of raw material to be used, its price and amount
3. the types of labor required, rate (per hour or per unit) and amount
4. the machine utilization for each machine during the routing process, its rate and amount
In a service environment, a job order can be the equivalent to a work or service order
where the job order records the location, date and time the service is carried out and the
nature of service that was carried out. The type of personnel (e.g. job position) may also be
listed on the job order. A rate (e.g. $/hr, $/week) and also the total amount of hours worked and
total value is also shown.

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Sample Job Order Form
Computer Repair Job Order Form
Teacher Client’s Name School Perpetual Help College

Date September 15, 2015 Computer # 001
Service Tag# 001 Model Intel Core 2 Duo 2.6Ghz
Serial # 4737Z
Computer Problem: (Brief Description of the Problem)
***Blue Screen Error***

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___________________________________________________________________________
For Technical Department Used Only

Fax No. (064)200-5588
Computer Fixed By: Ronaldo Supetran
Date Sent Back to School: ________________
Memory Transcend 2 GHz DDR3 Processor Pentium Core 2 2.6GHz
Hard Drive Space Hitachi Sata 320 Gig Windows Windows 7
B. Request Form and Report Sheet
Computer Hardware Servicing maintenance, which includes planned installation, main

objective is to keep and improve production facilities, to keep and improve production facilities
stable and efficient at the lowest life cycle cost with the active participation of all members in
the company. A Request Form is used to put this objective into action. And the Report Sheet
and Request Form bring to life this maintenance’s purposes which are:
 To increase productivity through maximum utilization and improvement of all equipment

 To develop maintenance system to reduce life cycle cost of machinery and equipment
through the involvement of everybody in the organization
 To develop the operator’s capability to be competent in maintenance activities through
education, training and motivation.
 To enhance capability for advanced and sophisticated technology that would reinforce
competitive power.
Sample Request Form

UNIT NO. 5-2
Description: Acer Aspire 4736Z Laptop Computer
Observation/s:
***Corrupted Operating System*** Date Reported:

Sept 01, 2015

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Reported by:
Ronaldo Supetran
Activity: Reformat Laptop
Date Completed: September 7, 2015
Sign:
Sample Report Sheet

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Repair Report Sheet
Area/Section: Computer Hardware Laboratory
Facility Type Nature of Recommendation

Breakdown
Laptop No Viral Corruption

Refer to the
Operating System Technical
Error Department for
Reformatting of the
Operating System
Reported by: Ronaldo Supetran
Date: September 15, 2015
REQUIRED QUALIFICATION FOR A COMPUTER HARDWARE PERSONNEL:
What Qualifications Do You Need to Become a PC Repair Technician?

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Education
Employers prefer applicants who have completed formal electronics training in a

vocational school, community college or similar setting, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Training programs may last from 6 months to two years. Some employers require at least a
high school diploma or GED.
Certifications
Trainees can take the TESDA NC II Computer Hardware Servicing assessment to

demonstrate their competency for entry-level jobs to employers. The Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority or TESDA offers a variety of certification programs. In addition,
technicians can achieve certifications even for trainership.
Physical and Personal Traits
PC technicians must be able to squat, bend and reach to access the computer
equipment requiring repair. They should be physically able to lift at least 50 pounds of
computer components. Employers look for technicians who can stand for long periods of time
and have the ability to perceive a variety of colors. Employers want technicians who think
analytically, are organized and pay attention to detail. They should feel comfortable working
under tight deadlines, and companies may expect them to work overtime or on weekends.
Knowledge and Skills
Applicants should know how to use a variety of standard office software, and some jobs
also require knowledge of networking. Companies prefer candidates with previous PC repair
experience, and they may look for candidates with experience repairing specific brands of
computers. Technicians need strong oral communication skills and should be able to explain
their findings to customers using common terms.
SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-2
A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if the statement is wrong.

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_________ 1. Anyone can perform a planned installation as long as he knows it.
_________ 2. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports facilitates the

competency assessment for computer technicians.
__________3. Computer Technicians are given the TESDA NC II Computer

Hardware Servicing by TESDA after successfully taking the
Assessment.
_________ 4. Computer Technicians need not to have strong oral

communication skills for they only repair computers.
__________5. Companies prefer candidates with previous PC repair experience,

and they may look for candidates with experience repairing specific
brands of computers.
__________6. A job order is an external document by a project based

Business.
__________7. A job order can be the equivalent to a work or service order

where the job order records the location, date and time the
service is carried out and the nature of service that was carried
out.
ANSWER KEY 1.1-2
IDENTIFICATION
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE

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5. FALSE
6. FALSE
7. TRUE

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
1. Identify the different tools and equipment used in computer systems

and networks
2. Determine the different use and functions of these tools and equipments

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One important thing to consider before executing a well planned computer installation is
that one must be knowledgeable in the different tools and equipments used in computer
systems and networks. Furthermore, the idea on how these tools and equipments are properly
used is another important consideration in installing computer systems.
Hardware Tools/Equipments and Illustrations

their Functions
Protective Eyewear
enclose or protect the eye area in

order to prevent particulates,
infectious fluids, or chemicals from
striking the eyes
Multi-tester or Multi-meter
A multi-meter or a multi-tester, also

known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter), is
an electronic measuring
instrument that combines several
measurement functions in one unit
Pliers (Assorted)
Pliers is a hand tool used to hold

objects firmly, for bending, or physical
compression.
Screwdriver
A screwdriver is a tool for

driving screws and often rotating
other machine elements with the
mating drive system

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Soldering Gun
A soldering gun is
a tool for soldering metals using tin-
based solder to achieve a highly
conductive contact
Desoldering Tool
Desoldering tools are used for

removing the molten solder so that the
joint may be separated.
Allen Wrench
A hex key, Allen key, or Allen

wrench (also known by various
other synonyms) is a tool of
hexagonal cross-section used to drive
bolts and screws that have a
hexagonal socket in the head
(internal-wrenching hexagon drive)
Flashlight
A flashlight (or torch in British

English) is a hand-held portable
electric-powered light source. Usually
the light source is a
small incandescent light bulb or light-
emitting diode (LED)

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IC Insertion and Extraction Tool
Used for extracting and inserting

BIOS Chip
Mirror
In hardware servicing a mirror is used

for inspecting the peripherals
Tweezers
Tweezers are tools used for picking

up objects too small to be easily
handled with the human hands

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Antistatic Wrist Strap
An antistatic wrist strap, ESD wrist

strap, or ground bracelet is
an antistatic device used to
safely ground a person working on
very sensitive electronic equipment, to
prevent the buildup of static
electricity on their body, which can
result in electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Gloves
A gloves are garments for covering

and protecting the whole hand
Printer

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a printer is a peripheral which
produces a text or graphics of
documents stored in electronic form,
usually on physical print media such
as paper or transparencies
Computer
A computer is
a programmable machine designed to
automatically carry out a sequence of
arithmetic or logical operations
Windows Operating System

CD/DVD
An operating system is used as an

intermediary between hardware and
software

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Device Driver CD/DVD
An application used to install the

device and peripherals of a
computer systems and networks
RS 232 pin insertion/extraction

tool
RS232 and D-Sub Pin

Insertion and Removal Tool
Crimping Tool

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A crimping tool is a tool designed
to crimp or connect a connector to
the end of a cable. For example,
network cables and phone cables
are created using a crimping tool to
connect the RJ-45 and RJ-
11 connectors to the end of the
cable. In the picture to the right, is
an example of what a crimping tool
looks like. This example shows a
tool capable of crimping both RJ-11
and RJ-45 connectors.
LAN Tester
A Device used for

testing network cable
connectivity
UTP Unshielded
Twisted Pair Cat 5
Cable

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A cable used for
computer networking
RJ 45 Connector
A plastic connector
used for UTP Cable to
connect computers in
a network
Ethernet Switch
A network
switch or switching
hub is a computer
networking device that
connects network
segments or network
devices

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SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-3
A. IDENTIFICATION.
Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.
________1. Protective Eyewear enclose or protect the nose area in order to

prevent particulates, infectious fluids, or chemicals
________2. Uni-tester is an electronic device for measuring instrument that

combines several measurement and functions
________3. Fliers are hand tool used to hold objects firmly for beding or physical
Compression
________4. A screw is a tool for driving screws and often rotating other machine
elements with the mating drive system
________5. A Soldering Gun is a tool for soldering metals using tin-based solder
to achieve a highly conductive contact
B. MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on the
statement. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

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1. Mirror
2. Flash light
3. Gloves
4. Tweezers
5. IC Insertion and Extracting Tool
______ 1. A hand held portable electric light source
______ 2. Used for extracting and inserting BIOS Chip
______ 3. Used for inspecting peripherals
______ 4. Intended for picking up objects too small for human hands
______ 5. Used for hand protection
ANSWER KEY 1.1-3
A. IDENTIFICATION
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. G
2. J
3. F
4. I
5. H

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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-4
ASSEMBLING COMPUTER
1. Classify of the hardware and software components of a computer with its corresponding
functions.
2. Determine the various computer components and peripherals
A computer system is a special subsystem of an organization's overall information

system. It is an integrated assembly of devices, centered on at least one processing
mechanism utilizing digital electronics, which are used to input, process, store, and output data
and information.
Putting together a complete computer system, however, is more involved than just
connecting computer devices. In an effective and efficient system, components are selected
and organized with an understanding of the inherent tradeoffs between overall system
performance and cost, control, and complexity.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT:
Basic Hardware Components of Computer System
Today, almost everyone in our information society has a basic understanding of what a
computer is and what it can do. A contemporary computer system consists of a central
processing unit, primary storage, secondary storage, input devices, output devices, and
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communications devices that work together with software to perform calculations, organize
data, and communicate with other computers.
A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored

in its own memory, that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful
information (output), and store it away in a secondary storage device (store) for safekeeping or
later reuse. The processing of input into output is directed by the software but performed by the
hardware. Figure below shows some common computer hardware components.
Common computer hardware components
Computer system hardware components include devices that perform the functions of input,
processing, data storage; output and communication. The devices responsible for these five
areas are as follows:

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 Input
devices.
Input
devices
allow you
to enter
data or
commands in a form that the computer can use; they send the data or commands to the
processing unit. Commonly-used input devices include keyboard, mouse, microphone,
scanner, digital camera, and PC camera.
 Output devices. Output devices show people the processed data--information --in
understandable and useful form. Four commonly used output devices are a printer, a
monitor, speakers, and a portable media player. Input/output devices are playing an
increasingly significant role in our lives. The number and variety of input/output devices
are expanding.
 Processing devices. Processing devices are the computer electronic circuitry housed
in the system unit. The circuitry in the system unit is part of a circuit board called the
motherboard. Two major components on the motherboard are the processor and
memory. The processor, formally known as the central processing unit (CPU), has
electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into the information people want.
Computer instructions are actually are executed in the central processing unit. Memory
is a series of electronic elements that temporarily holds data and program instructions
while they are being processed by the CPU. Both the processor and memory consist of
chips. A chip is an electronic device that contains many microscopic pathways designed
to carry electrical current.
 Storage devices. Storage usually means secondary storage that can store data and
programs outside the computer itself. Storage devices hold data, information, and
programs permanently. These devices supplement memory (also called primary
storage) that can hold data and programs only temporarily. Common storage devices
include a hard disk, USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs, and memory cards. A drive is a
device that reads from and writes onto a storage medium. A storage medium is the
physical material on which data, information, and program are stored. Some portable
devices, such as digital cameras, use memory cards as the storage media.

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 Communications devices. Communications devices provide connections between the
computer and communications networks, and enable computer users to communicate
and to exchange data, information, and programs with other computers.
Communications devices transmit these items over transmission media such as cables,
telephone lines, satellites, and cellular radio. A widely used communications device is a
modem.
In summary, we communicate with computers through input/output devices. Input

devices translate our data and communications into a form that the computer can understand.
The computer then processes these data, and an output device translates them back into a
form we can understand. The central processing unit manipulates data and controls the other
parts of the computer system. Memory (primary storage) temporarily stores data and program
instructions during processing, while secondary storage feeds data and instructions into the
central processor and stores data for future use.
The System Unit
The Motherboard
The system unit is a box-like case that houses the processor, memory and other electronic
components of the computer that are used to process data. All other computer system devices,
such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse, are linked either directly or indirectly into the
system unit.

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Figure below shows some of the components inside the system unit on a typical PC,
including the processor, memory, expansion cards, drive bays, power supply, ports and
connectors. The processor is the device that executes program instructions. The memory
device is a package that holds temporarily data and program instructions during processing.
An expansion card is a circuit board that adds devices or capabilities to the computer. Finally,
devices outside the system unit, such as a keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, or microphone,
are attached by a cable to a port or connector on the system unit.
To conserve on space, all-in-one computer houses the system unit in the same physical
case as the monitor. On notebook computers, the keyboard and pointing device often occupy
the area on the top of the system unit. The display attaches to the system unit by a hinge. The
system unit on a handheld computer usually consumes the entire device. On these devices,
the display is part of the system unit too.
When the cover of a system unit is removed, the motherboard, also called system
board, can be seen inside the housing. The motherboard, a single circuit board, provides the path
through which the processor communicates with memory components, other components, and peripheral
devices. In a typical personal computer, the components attached to the motherboard include processor,
memory chips, support electronic circuitry, and expansion boards. It is the processor that is the most
important component of the motherboard.

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Many electronic components attach to the motherboard
A computer chip is a small piece of semi conducting material, usually silicon, on which
one or more integrated circuits are etched. The various chips have standard-sized pin
connectors that allow them to be attached to the motherboard and, there, to a common
electrical path, called bus, that enables data flow between the various system components.
An integrated circuit (IC) contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying

electrical current. Each integrated circuit can contain millions of elements such as resistors,
capacitors, and transistors. Transistors act as electronic switches that may or may not allow
current to pass through. If current passes through, the switch is on, representing the 1 bit. If
current does not pass through, the switch is off, representing a 0 bit. Thus, combinations of
transistors can stand for combinations of bits, which represent numbers, letters, and other
characters. The motherboard in the system unit contains many different types of chips. A
miniaturized central processing unit can be etched on a chip, then the term computer on a
chip.
A central processing unit on a chip is called a microprocessor. On a personal

computer, the central processing unit (CPU) usually is contained on a single chip. On the
larger computers such as mainframes and supercomputer, the various functions performed by
CPU are spread across many separate chips. Today's popular Pentium microprocessor
contains more than one hundred million transistors.

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Ultimately, the type of processor and the amount of RAM placed on the motherboard
define the computer’s speed and capacity.
The processor is generally not made by the
manufacturers of PCs. It is made by
companies that specialized in the
development and manufacture of
microprocessors. A number of companies
make microprocessors, including Intel, IBM,
Motorola, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD),
and Cyrix. Most chips are no bigger than
one-half-inch square. Manufacturer’s
package chips so the chips can be attached
to a circuit board such as a motherboard,
memory module, or adapter card.
A variety of chip packages exist. One

type, called a dual inline package (DIP),
consists of two parallel rows of pints that
attach the chip package to the circuit board.
A pin grid array (PGA) package holds a
larger number of pins because the pins are Some common chip packages
mounted on the surface of the package. A
flip chip-PGA (FC-PGA) package is a higher-performance PGA packaging that places the
chip on the opposite side of the pins. Another high performance packaging technique does not
use pins. A single edge contact (SEC) cartridge connects to the motherboard on one of its
edges.
The Central Processing Unit
The central processing unit (CPU), also called processor, interprets and carries out
the basic instructions that operate a computer. The CPU significantly impacts overall
computing power and manages most of a computer's operations. On larger computers, such
as mainframes and supercomputers, the various functions performed by the processor extend
over many separate chips and often multiple circuit boards. On a personal computer, all
functions of the processor usually are on a single chip.
Most processor chip manufacturers now offer multi-core processors. A multi-core processor is
a single-chip with two or more separate processors. Two common multi-core processors used
today are dual-core and quad-core. A dual-core processor is a chip that contains tow separate
processors. Similarly, a quad-core processor is a chip with four-separate processors. Each
processor on a multi-core chip generally runs at a slower clock speed than a single-core
processor, but multi-core ships typically increase overall performance.

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Memory
While performing a processing operation, a processor needs a place to temporarily

store instructions to be executed and the data to be used with those instructions. The CPU
cannot process data on an input device or disk directly; the data must first be available in
memory. A computer's memory in the system unit, located physically close to the CPU (to
decrease access time), provides the CPU with a working storage area for program instructions,
data and information. Memory is also known as primary storage or internal storage. Memory
usually consists of one or more chips on the motherboard or some other circuit board in the
computer.
The major feature of memory is that it rapidly provides the instructions and data to the
CPU. Memory stores three basic categories of items: (1) the operating system and other
system software that control or maintain the computer and its devices; (2) application
programs that carry our a specific task such as word processing; and (3) the data being
processed by the application programs and resulting information.
This role of memory to store both data and programs is known as the stored program
concept.
Memory and storage sizes
Programs and data are placed in memory before processing, between processing
steps, and after processing has ended, prior to being returned to secondary storage or
released as output. Recall that a character is stored in the computer as a group of 0s and 1s,
called a byte. Thus, a byte is the basic storage unit in memory. Like the CPU, memory
components contain thousands of circuits imprinted on a silicon chip. Each circuit is either
conducting electrical current (on) or not (off). By representing data as a combination of on or
off circuit states, the data is stored in memory. When application program instructions and data
are transferred into memory from storage devices, each of bytes is placed in a precise location
in memory, called an address. This address is simply a unique number identifying the location
of the byte in memory. To access data or instructions in memory, the computer references the
addresses that contain bytes of data. The size of memory is measured by the number of bytes
available for use (Figure 4-17). A kilobyte of memory is equal to exactly 1,024 bytes. To make
storage definitions easier to identify, computer users often round a kilobyte down to 1,000
bytes. A megabyte (MB) is equal to approximately 1 million bytes. A gigabyte (GB) equals
approximately 1 billion bytes. A terabyte (TB) is equal to approximately 1 trillion bytes.
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The system unit contains two types of memory: volatile and nonvolatile. The contents of
volatile memory are lost when the computer power is turned off. In nonvolatile memory, the
combination of circuit states is fixed, and therefore the contents of nonvolatile memory are not
lost when power is removed from the computer. RAM is the most common type of volatile
memory. Examples of nonvolatile memory include ROM, flash memory and CMOS. The
following sub-sections discuss these types of memory.
RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the memory chips that are mounted directly on the
motherboard or mounted on peripheral cards that plug into the motherboard. The RAM chips
consist of millions of switches that are sensitive to changes in electric current. When the
computer is powered on, certain operating system files are loaded from a storage device such
as a hard disk into RAM. These files remain in RAM as long as the computer is running. As
additional programs and data are requested, they are read from storage into RAM. The
processor acts upon the data while it is in RAM. During the running time, the contents of RAM
may change as the program is executed.
RAM comes in many different varieties. Three basic types of RAM are dynamic RAM,
static RAM, and magnetoresistive RAM. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) must be refreshed (or
recharged) constantly by the CPU or it loses its contents. Many variations of DRAM chips
exist, most of which are faster than the basic DRAM. One type of DRAM is Synchronous
DRAM (SDRAM), which is much faster than DRAM because it is synchronized to the system
clock. Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM chips are eve faster than SDRAM chips because
they transfer data twice for each clock cycle, instead of just once, and DDR2 and DDR3 are
even faster than DDR. Dual channel SDRAM is faster than single channel SDRAM because it
delivers twice the amount of data to the processor. Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) is yet another
type of DRAM that is much faster than SDRAM because it uses pipelining techniques. Most
personal computers today use some form of SDRAM chips or RDRAM chips.
Static RAM (SRAM) is faster and more reliable than any form of DRAM. The term static
refers to the fact that it does not have to be re-energized as often as DRAM. SRAM is much
more expensive than DRAM, thus it is usually used for special purpose, such as used in
cache.
A newer type of RAM, called magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), stores data using
magnetic charges instead of electrical charges. Manufacturers claim that MRAM has greater
storage capacity, consumes less power, and has faster access times than electronic RAM.
Also, MRAM retains its contents after power is removed from the computer, which could
prevent loss of data for users. As the cost of MRAM declines, experts predict MRAM could
replace both DRAM and SRAM.

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RAM chips usually are packaged on a
small circuit board, called memory module,
which is inserted into the motherboard (Figure
4-19). Three types of memory modules are
SIMMs, DIMMs, and RIMMs. A single inline
memory module (SIMM) has pins on opposite
sides of the circuit board that connect together
to form a single set of contacts. With a dual
inline memory module (DIMM), the pins on
opposite sides of the circuit board do not
connect and thus form two sets of contacts.
SIMMs and DIMMs typically hold SDRAM
chips. A Rambus inline memory module
(RIMM) houses RDRAM chips.
A memory module being inserted in a
The amount of RAM a computer motherboard.
requires often depends on the types of
applications you plan to use on the computer. A computer only can manipulate data that is in
memory. A computer needs a certain amount of memory to store programs, data, and
information. The more RAM a computer has, the faster the computer will respond.
A software package usually indicates the minimum amount of RAM it requires. If you
want the application to perform optimally, typically you need more than the minimum
specifications on the software package. The necessary amount of RAM varies according to the
type of work you do and the type of software applications you are using. The amount of RAM
on your computer determines how many programs and how much data a computer can handle
at one time and thus affects overall performance. Generally, home users running Windows
Vista and using basic application software such as word processing should have at least 1GB
of RAM. Most business users who work with accounting, financial, or spreadsheet programs,
and programs requiring multimedia capabilities should have 1 to 4 GB of RAM. Users creating
professional Web sites or using graphics-intensive applications will want 4GB or more of RAM.
The amount of RAM in computers purchased today ranges from 1GB to 64GB. In an
advertisement, manufacturers specify the maximum amount of RAM a computer can hold, for
example, 1GB expandable to 2GB.
ROM
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and
instructions. That is, the items stored in ROM chips cannot be modified--hence, the name
read-only. ROM is usually nonvolatile. In ROM, the combination of circuit states is fixed, and
therefore its contents are not lost if the power is removed. The data, instructions, or information
stored on ROM chips often are recorded when the chip is manufactured. ROM chips that
contain permanently written data, instructions, or information are called firmware. Firmware
can be read and used, but cannot be changed by user. For example, ROM contains the
programs that direct the computer to load the operating system and other files when the

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computer is turned on. In addition to computers, many devices contain ROM chips. For
example, ROM chips in printers contain data for fonts.
Programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a blank ROM chip on which you can
permanently place data and programs. Once the data and instructions are programmed into
PROM chip, the chip functions like a regular ROM and cannot be erased or changed. A
variation of the PROM chip, called electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
(EEPROM) chip, allows a programmer to erase the microcode with an electric signal.
EEPROM chips are where the CPU's data and instructions change, but only infrequently, such
as an industrial robot used in an automobile manufacturer.
Flash Memory
Another type of nonvolatile memory is called flash memory. Flash memory is a chip
that keeps its memory when the power is shut off. Similar to a EEPROM chip, flash memory
can be erased electronically and reprogrammed. Most computers use flash memory to hold
their startup instructions because it allows the computer easily to update its contents. For
example, when the computer changes from standard time to day-light savings time, the
contents of a flash memory chip (and the real-time clock chip) change to reflect the new time.
Flash memory chips also store data and programs on many mobile computers and devices,
such as smart telephones, digital cameras, pagers, PDAs, automotive devices, portable media
players, digital voice recorders, and printers. When you enter names and addresses in a
smart phone or PDA, a flash memory chip stores the data. Some portable media players such
as MP3 players store music on flash memory chips; others store music on tiny hard disks or
flash memory cards. The logic capabilities of these devices can be upgraded by simply
downloading new software from the Internet or a vendor-supplied disk to flash memory.
CMOS
Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory chips use
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology because it provides high
speeds and consumes little power. CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information
even when the power to the computer is off. Battery-backed CMOS memory chips, for
example, can keep the calendar, date, and time current even when the computer is off. The
flash memory chips that store a computer's startup information often use CMOS technology.
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

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An expansion slot is a socket on
the motherboard that can hold an adapter
card. An adapter card, also called
expansion card, is a circuit board that
enhances functions of a component of
the system unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals. A peripheral
is a device that connects to the system
unit and is controlled by the processor in
the computer. Examples of peripherals
are modems, disk drives, printers,
scanners, and keyboards. The adapter
cards contain the electronic circuitry for An adapter card being inserted in an expansion slot
many supplemental capabilities, such as
more memory, higher-quality sound devices, a modem, extra ports, or graphics capabilities.
Figure shows an expansion
card being plugged into an
expansion slot on a personal
computer motherboard.
Figure below lists currently

used types of adapter cards.
Sometimes, all functionality is
built in the adapter card. With
others, a cable connects the
adapter card to a device,
such as a digital video
camera, outside the system
unit.
Some motherboards include

all necessary capabilities and
do not require adapter cards.
Other motherboards may
Currently used adapter cards and their functions
require adapter cards to
provide capabilities such as sound and video. A sound card is used to enhance the sound-
generating capabilities of a personal computer by making two basic functions possible. First it
enables sounds to be captured and stored on disk. Second, it enables sounds to be played
through external speakers. The sound card can add realism to computer games with stereo
music and sound effects.
It also allows us to speak commands and enter words to our PCs via speech
recognition. The typical sound card will have receptacles for a microphone, a headset, an
audio output, and a joystick. A video card, also called video adapter or graphics card,
converts computer output into a video signal that is sent through a cable to the monitor, which
displays an image on the screen.

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In the past, installing a card was not easy and required you to set switches and other
elements on the motherboard. Today, many computers support Plug and Play, which refers to
the computer's capability to automatically configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you
install them. Having Plug and Play support means that a user can plug in a new component
turn on the computer, and then use or play the component without having to configure the
system manually.
There are four widely used types of removable flash memory devices: flash memory
cards, USB flash drives, PC cards, and ExpressCard modules. Unlike adapter cards that
require you to open the system unit and install the card on the motherboard, you can change a
removable flash memory device without having to open the system unit or restart the
computer. This feature, called hot plugging, allows you to insert and remove the removable
flash memory and other devices while the computer is running.
Flash memory cards and USB flash drive
A flash memory card is a removable flash memory device, which you inset and remove
from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer. Many mobile and consumer
devices, such as smart phones, digital cameras, portable media players, and PDAs use these
memory cards. Some printers and computers have built-in card readers/writers or slots that
read flash memory cards. In addition, you can purchase an external card reader/writer that
attaches to any computer. Flash memory cards are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and
capacities.
A USB flash drive is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on a
computer or portable device. A special type of USB flash drive, called a U3 smart drive,
includes preinstalled software accessed through a Window-type interface.

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Many computers have a PC Card slot or an Express Card slot, which is a special type of
expansion slot that holds a PC Card or an Express Card module, respectively. A PC Card is a
thin, credit card-sized removable flash memory device that primarily is used today to enable
notebook computers to access the Internet
wirelessly. Express Card modules are the next
generation of PC Cards. An Express Card
module, which can be used as a removable
flash memory device, adds memory,
communications, multimedia, and security
capabilities to computers. Both PC Cards and
Express Card modules conform to standards
developed by the Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association. These
standards help to ensure the interchangeability
of PC Cards and Express Card modules
among personal computers.
Other Components A PC Card slides in a PC Card slot
Buses
As previously explained, a computer processes and stores data as a series of electronic

bits. These bits are transferred internally within the circuitry of the computer along electrical
channels. Each channel, called a bus, allows the various devices inside and attached to the
system unit to communicate with each other. Just as vehicles travel on a highway to move
from one destination to another, bits travel on a bus.
Buses are used to transfer

bits from input devices to memory,
from memory to the CPU, from the
CPU to memory, and from memory
to output or storage devices. All
buses consist of two parts: a data
bus and an address bus. The data
bus transfers actual data and the
address bus transfers information
about where the data should go in
memory.
A bus is measured by its size. The

size of a bus, called the bus width,
Just as vehicles travel on a highway, bits travel on a bus determines the number of bits that
can be transmitted at one time. For
example, a 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits (4 bytes) at a time. On a 64-bit bus, 64 bits (8 bytes)
are transmitted from one location to another at a time. The larger the number of bits handled
by the bus, the faster the computer transfers data. If a number in memory occupies 64 bits, it

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must be transmitted in two separate steps when using a 32-bit bus: once for the first 32 bits
and once
for the
second
32 bits.
Using a
64-bit
bus,
however,
the
number
can be
Buses allow the various devices inside and attached to the system unit to
communicate with each other
transmitted in a single step, transferring all 64 bits at once. The wider the bus, the fewer
number of transfer steps required and the faster the transfer of data. Most personal computers
today use a 64-bit bus.
Every bus also has a clock speed. Just like the processor, the clock speed for a bus is
measured in megahertz. The higher the bus clock speed, the faster the transmission of data,
which results in applications running faster. Most of today's processors have a bus clock speed
of 400, 533, 667, 800, 1066, or 1333 MHz.
Two basic types of buses are found in a computer: a system bus and an expansion bus. A
system bus is part of the motherboard and connects the CPU to main memory. An expansion
bus allows the CPU to communicate with peripheral devices. Data transmitted to the CPU
travels from the expansion bus and the system bus. When computer professionals use the
term bus by itself, they usually are referring to the system bus. Since the types of expansion
buses on a motherboard determine the types of expansion cards you can add, you should
understand the expansion buses commonly found in today's personal computers:
 An old and slowest expansion bus is the ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus. A
mouse, modem card, sound card, and low-speed network card are examples of devices
that connect to the ISA bus directly or through an ISA bus expansion slot.
 The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus is a high-speed expansion bus
that connects higher speed devices. Types of cards inserted into a PCI bus expansion
slot include video cards, sound cards, SCSI cards, and high-speed network cards. The
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PCI bus transfers data about four times faster than the ISA bus. Most current personal
computers have a PCI bus.
 The PCI Express (PCIe) bus is an expansion bus that expands on and doubles the
speed of the original PCI bus. Nearly all video cards today use the PCI Express bus, as
well as many hard disks and network cards. Experts predict the PCI Express bus
eventually will replace the PCI bus completely.
 The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is actually a bus designed by Intel to improve
the speed with which 3-D graphics and video are transmitted. When an AGP video card
is inserted in an AGP bus slot, the AGP bus provides a faster, dedicated interface
between the video card and memory. Newer processors support AGP technology.
 The Universal Serial Bus (USB) and FireWire bus are buses that eliminate the need
to install expansion cards into expansion slots. In a computer equipped with a USB,
USB devices are connected to each other outside the system unit and then a single
cable attaches to the USB port. The USB port then connects to USB, which connects to
the PCI bus on the motherboard. The USB hot plug feature allows peripheral devices to
be connected to or removed from the USB port while the PC is running. The FireWire
bus works in a similar fashion. With these buses, expansion slots are available for
devices not compatible with USB or FireWire.
 The expansion bus for a PC Card is the PC Card bus. With a PC Card inserted into a PC
Card slot, data travels on the PC Card bus to the PCI bus.

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A system unit has many ports
Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit
so that the peripheral can send data to or receive information from the computer. An peripheral
device, such as a keyboard, monitor, printer, mouse, digital camera, and microphone, often
attaches by a cable to a port on the system unit. Most of the time, ports are located on the
back of the system unit, but they also can be placed on the front .
A connector joins a cable to a port. A connector at one end of a cable attaches to a port
on the system unit, and a connector at the other end of the cable attaches to a port on the
peripheral. Most connectors are available in one of two genders: male and female. Male
connectors have one or more exposed pins. Female connectors have matching holes to
accept the pints on a male connector. Manufacturers often identify the cables by their
connector types to assist you with purchasing a cable to connect a computer to a peripheral.
Figure show the different types of connectors you may find on a system unit. Notice that some
are color-coded to help you match the connector to the correct port. Some system units
include these connectors when you buy the computer. You add other connectors by inserting

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adapter cards on the motherboard. Certain adapter cards have ports that allow you to attach a
peripheral to the adapter card.
The motherboard is designed with several port options, including at least one serial port
and parallel port each, several USB ports, and a FireWire port.
 A serial port is a type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by
transmitting data one bit at a time. It usually used to connect devices that do not
required fast data transmission rates, such as a mouse or keyboard. The COM port
(short for communications port) on the system unit is one type of serial port. Some
modems, which connect the system unit to a telephone line, use a serial port because
the telephone line expects the data in a serial form. Serial ports conform to either the
RS-232 or RS-422 standard with 9-pin or 25-pin. One of the 9 or 25 lines carries the
serial signal to the peripheral device, and another line carries the signal from the device.
The other lines carry control signals.
 Parallel ports allow the parallel transmission of data; that is, several bits are
transmitted simultaneously. Figure also shows how 8-bit bytes travel in parallel over 8
separate lines. Extra lines carry control signals. Parallel ports use the same 25-pin RS-
232C connector or the 36-pin Centronics connector. These ports provide the interface
for such devices as high-speed printers, external magnetic tape or disk backup units,
and other computers. Two newer types of parallel ports, the EPP (Enhanced Parallel
Port) and the ECP (Extended Capabilities Port), use the same connectors as the
Centronics port, but are more than 10 times faster.

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A serial port and parallel port
 USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports are used in high-speed device interfaces. Up to 127
peripheral devices can be daisy-chained to a single USB port. USB ports are ideal for
digital cameras, scanners, games controllers, MP3 music player, CD & DVD, removable
hard disk, PDA, smart phone, and high-speed modems. Many system units have six to
eight USB ports. Some newer peripheral devices may attach only to a USB port. Others
attach to either a serial or parallel port, as well as a USB port. When connecting a
device to a USB port, you do not need to install a card in the computer. Simply plug one
end of the cable into the USB port and the other end into the device. To attach multiple
peripherals using a single USB port, you can use a USB hub. A USB hub is a device
that plugs in a USB port on the system unit and contains multiple USB ports in which
you plug cables from USB devices. Some USB hubs are wireless. The latest version of
USB, called USB 2.0, is a more advanced and faster USB, with speeds 40 times higher
than that of its predecessor.

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 FireWire ports, also called
IEEE 1394 port, are similar to
the USB port and can
connect multiple types of
devices that require faster
data transmission speeds
such as digital video
cameras, digital VCRs color
printer, scanners, digital
cameras, and DVD drives to
a single connector. Up to 63
devices can be connected
together using a FireWire
port. The latest FireWire
USB and FireWire ports are replacing traditional ports
version, called FireWire 800,
is much more advanced than its predecessor, FireWire 400. The FireWire also supports
Plug and Play. Many computer professionals believe that ports such as USB and
FireWire someday will replace serial and parallel ports completely. Having standard
ports and connectors, such as USB and FireWire, greatly simplify the process of
attaching devices to a computer. In general, FireWire has replaced parallel and SCSI
ports, and USB ports have replaced mouse, keyboard, serial, audio, and parallel ports.
Some newer computers do not have a serial or parallel port. Users plug the device in a
USB or FireWire port. Figure 4-32 shows how USB and FireWire are replacing other
ports completely.
There are five special-purpose ports available: MIDI, eSATA, SCSI, IrDA, and Bluetooth.
These ports are not included in typical computers. For a computer to have these ports, you
often must customize the computer purchase order. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital
Interface) ports connect the system unit to a musical instrument, such as an electronic
keyboard. The electronic music industry has adopted MIDI as a standard to define how
devices, such as sound cards and synthesizers, represent sounds electronically. A synthesizer,
which can be a peripheral or a chip, creates sound from digital instructions. A system unit with
a MIDI port has the capability of recording sounds that have been created by a synthesizer and
the processing the sounds to create new sounds. Nearly every sound card supports the MIDI
standard, so you can play and manipulate on one computer sounds that originally were
created on another computer.
An eSATA (external Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) port, allows you to

connect an external SATA hard disk to a computer. SATA hard disks are popular because of
their fast data transmission speeds. eSATA connections provide up to six times faster data
transmission speeds than external hard disks attached to a computer's USB or FireWire port.
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ports are special high-speed parallel port
and provide a parallel interface that enables faster data transmission than serial and parallel
ports. Also up to 15 SCSI peripheral devices can be daisy-chained to a single SCSI port; that
is, they are connected along a single cable. The first SCSI device connects to the computer,

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the second SCSI device connects to the first SCSI device, and so on. SAS (serial-attached
SCSI) is a newer type of SCSI that transmits at much faster speeds than parallel SCSI.
Power Supply, Cooling Technology
Many personal computers plug in standard wall outlets, which supply an alternating
current (AC) of 115 to 120 volts. This type of power is unsuitable for use with a computer,
which requires a direct current (DC) ranging from 5 to 12 volts. The power supply is the
component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power. Different
motherboards and computers require different wattages on the power supply. If a power supply
is not providing the necessary power, the computer will not function properly.
Built into the power supply is a fan that keeps the power supply cool. Many newer
computers have additional fans near certain components in the system unit such as the
processor, hard disk, and ports. Processor chips generate quite a bit of heat, which could
cause the chip to burn up. Although the computer’s main fan generates airflow, many of
today’s processors require additional cooling. A heat sink is a small ceramic or metal
component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical
components such as a processor. Because a heat sink consumes extra space, smaller device
called a heat pipe cools processors in notebook computers.

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TASK SHEET. 1.1-4
Title: Identify the Different Computer Components and Peripherals
Performance Objective In the tool shop, given the supplies, computer

components and peripherals, materials, and equipment, you are required to
identify the different computer components and peripherals and their
specifications in 15 Minutes.
Supplies/Materials: Paper and Pen
Equipment:
1. Computer
2. PPE
Steps/Procedure:
1. Proceed to the station (with PC Unit) assigned to you

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the different components
System and write the Document
Date Developed: specifications
No.: of each
component
Colleges of on your paper.
Servicing NC II
Submit output to trainer for September
3. Phils.
Southern evaluation2015
Install and Developed by: Issued by: Page
Training Center
Configure Revision No.:
John Paul Romano 53 of 56
Computer System
Assessment Method: Practicum with interview
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST TASK 1.1-4
Criteria Yes No
Computer components and peripherals are identified correctly
Questions about the computer components and peripherals are

answered correctly
Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) were used properly

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The objective of the activity are achieved accordingly

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CBLM Computer System Final

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING

Qualification Title: COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER

NO. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

Nominal Duration: 50 hours

At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:

1. Assemble computer hardware.

Qualification Title : Computer Systems Servicing NC II

Unit of Competency : Install and Configure Computer System

Module Title : Installing and Configuring Computer

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

Upon completion of this module, you MUST be able to:

1. Assemble computer hardware

4. Computer hardware is assembled in accordance with established procedures and

LEARNING OUTCOME #1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

CONDITIONS: The student/trainee must be provided with the following:

Assemble computer hardware

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

OHS Policies and Procedures

Occupational Health and Safety Policy

1. Turn off the computer and all peripherals.

Additional Safety tips:

Self Check 1.1.1

Did the Trainee overall performance meet the required

ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

1. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical outlets.

6. Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

PLAN AND PREPARE UNIT ASSEMBLY

After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

In a manufacturing environment, a work order is converted from a sales order to show

A job order is an internal document extensively used by projects-based, manufacturing,

1. the quantity of the product to be manufactured, built or fabricated

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

Computer Repair Job Order Form

Teacher Client’s Name School Perpetual Help College

***Blue Screen Error***

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

For Technical Department Used Only

B. Request Form and Report Sheet

Computer Hardware Servicing maintenance, which includes planned installation, main

 To increase productivity through maximum utilization and improvement of all equipment

Sample Request Form

***Corrupted Operating System*** Date Reported:

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

Activity: Reformat Laptop

Date Completed: September 7, 2015

Sample Report Sheet

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

Area/Section: Computer Hardware Laboratory

Facility Type Nature of Recommendation

Laptop No Viral Corruption

Reported by: Ronaldo Supetran

Date: September 15, 2015

REQUIRED QUALIFICATION FOR A COMPUTER HARDWARE PERSONNEL:

What Qualifications Do You Need to Become a PC Repair Technician?

Computer System Date Developed: Document No.:

Blue Screen Error

Corrupted Operating System Date Reported: