7/3/2018 What Is A Biogas Digester?

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What Is A Biogas Digester? 

A biogas digester (also known as a biogas plant) is a large tank where inside Biogas is produced through
the decomposition/breakdown of organic matter through a process called anaerobic digestion. It’s called a
digester because organic material is eaten and digested by bacteria to produce biogas.

A biogas digester forms the most critical part of biogas production because without it, no biogas would be
produced without the breakdown of organic waste or material.

How A Biogas Digester Works

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What Is Biogas?
Biogas is produced by the breaking down of organic, biodegradable waste or material (also known as
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biomass) such as vegetables, leaves, grass, weeds, leftover food scraps and such. When this organic
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breakdown happens it produces a gas, called biogas.

Biogas is a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane, and resembles liquid petroleum gas. And like natural
gas, biogas is used as a fuel to produce electricity to power farm equipment, for lighting applications, in NEXT »
gas cookers for cooking, and even for transportation.

Biogas is widely used in many homes around the world, especially in countries where this technology has
been widely available and used.

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Composition of a Biogas Digester

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7/3/2018 What Is A Biogas Digester? - GLW Energy
To understand how biogas is produced, it’s important to understand the components of a biogas digester,
which itself is part of a biogas electric generator plant. A typical biogas digester has a container that holds
organic matter and water. This mixture of water and organic matter is called slurry.

A digester has another container that holds the gas that has been produced after the organic matter
is broken down. The digester has connecting systems in the form of pipes that feed the digester with slurry
and connect the container holding slurry to the container that is holding the gas. There is also a transport
system to take the biogas to where it will be used. The digester also has a mechanism for ejecting the
residue.

Fixed Dome Biogas Digester

This type of biogas digester is very common. In this design, the container collecting the slurry and the
container collecting the gas are combined. The gas collects on top of the slurry. As the gas accumulates,
the slurry is forced into another container. After the gas is removed the slurry will ow back into the
container it was in initially.

In addition to plant matter and vegetation, other types of organic matter that can be broken down is human
sewage and cow dung.

Quick Facts:

 Cow dung as an organic material can also be used as a raw material to produce biogas because of
its biodegradable and low cellulose content attributes.
That’s why biogas digesters are also common in farms, but they can also be built in a
home compound in urban areas, like towns and cities. Provided you have an e cient biogas building
plan that’s extremely e cient, is low cost, and only requires minimal space or square footage to
actually put up.

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How Biogas Is Produced

For a biogas digester to produce gas, it needs methane-producing bacteria. After the methane-producing
bacteria is introduced, the bacteria will reproduce and the process continues in nitely, and there is no risk
that the bacteria will die. Once the bacteria are introduced, the process of biogas production will never
stop.

Quick Fact: Cow dung contains methane-producing bacteria.

For this reason, cow dung is commonly used to start the process of biogas production. You can change the
organic material to be used to produce biogas after the production has been kicked o by cow dung.

Materials that can produce biogas

Most biogas digesters use cow dung to produce biogas. There are many other organic materials as
mentioned above that can be used to produce biogas. Like left over food scraps, vegetation etc.

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7/3/2018 What Is A Biogas Digester? - GLW Energy
Some digesters can be fed with grey water (grey water is a term used to refer to used water). Other
common organic materials used in biogas digesters include sewage, glycerin, algae and grasses.

In short, anything organic can be fed to the digester provided it’s biodegradable and has very small
amounts of cellulose.

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