CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Any structure, building or system needs maintenance and rehabilitation, which are
of course costly. Highways and roads are also not an exception. From the very past, the
construction, extension, maintenance and operating costs of highways, roads, bridges and
tunnels were collected directly or indirectly. In the old/ indirect method, the expenses are
compensated either by the tax payment for fuel or by budget allocation of the national
income. The shortcoming of this method is that a number of taxpayers, who do not use any of
the roads and carriageways, have to pay extra money. However, in the other system, called
direct method, the tolls are taken directly from the drivers passing that road or street, it can be
operated manually. The shortcoming of this method is that time consumption, slow process,
traffic jam, increases vehicle operating cost, power loss due to continuous turning on of
receiver system. The main reasons why tolling, or road pricing, is implemented to overcome
above shortcomings and to the advances in the technologies related to wireless
communication has led to the emergence of several engineering designs to aid the human
requirements. Today on one side the importance for secured access is growing in several
fields and on the other side with technology advancements the RFID cards and readers are
becoming low cost. Both these aspects are the primary reasons for rapidly growing RFID
based authentication system.
The IOT based automatic toll gate system using raspberry pi is the approach used for the
vehicle when it reaches the toll plaza to pay the toll fees automatically. RFID tags are used to
read each vehicle with the help of RFID reader. We assume that vehicles have 16-bit
identification numbers. The RFID tags to readers read the signal and information about
vehicles owners. A software program running on the minicomputer (raspberry pi) retrieves
vehicle details from its vehicle database. Depending on this information, appropriate toll tax
is deducted from the pre-paid account of the vehicle’s owners. The owner receives an SMS
message on his/her mobile about the details of the payment. If the balance in the owner’s
account is low or if the vehicle is not equipped with an RF system, the toll gate remains close.
Next method proposes a very simple method for enhancing the performance of the IOT based
automatic toll gate system using raspberry pi, in such a case, the vehicle owner will have to
pay the toll tax in case and collect the receipt. We need a system for handling violation and
acknowledgement when a vehicle does not have an RFID module installed, a vehicle’s ID
number is not found in the database, or a driver has insufficient funds to pay toll. If an
acknowledgement is not received in a predefined time from the database, the toll plaza gate
remains closed. Existing automatic toll collection techniques incur power loss since the
receiver is continuously turned on, even when no vehicle arrived at a toll plaza. In our
technique, IR sensor is used to detect the arrival of vehicles. Only when a vehicle is detected,
RFID Tag to RFID reader reads the data.
The whole system is connected with Internet and web app via server having the database of
the Hardware, vehicle and web app so as to make the system work with high speed and give
accurate results. The project having the advance features like the vehicle will be monitored
for accident detection, in case vehicle met with an accident the information will be sent the
nearest police station as well as ambulance and family members to take quick action. At the
toll gate there is a feature to detect the unregistered vehicles with the help of RFID
technology and intimate the status to the concerned authority.
 CHAPTER 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Toll Gate block:

Server with
data base

Power supply

IOT modem 16×2 LCD

Raspberry
pi
RFID Stepper Stepper
Micropro
Reader motor motor gate
cessor
driver IOT
enabled
RED, GREEN web based
IR sensor LED’S app

Vehicle block, Receiver:

Message
to owner
Power supply
mobile,
nearest
police
station and
IR sensor GPS hospital

ARM7
microcontroller
GSM
RFID tag
 CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE AND THE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Hardware:
 Microprocessor-Raspberry Pi
 LCD - 16 x 2
 Stepper Motor gates
 Stepper Motor driver (ULN driver).
 Power supply circuit
 GPS
 RFID Reader.
 RFID cards.
 GSM
 IR sensor

3.2 Software:
 Python
 Linux
 Keil-c compiler
 Flash magic burner software.
 HJTAG
 CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY/WORKING PRINCIPLE
The proposed method is to provide a fast and safe environment for toll collection and to
automatically control the vehicle movements at the toll station. IR sensor is used to detect the
vehicle and the Gate models are used here to open and close while the vehicle is entering or
exit in the Toll Tax unit. The RFID reader is used to read the tag of the vehicles. The Vehicle
information is stored in the database based on the TAG number.

Based on that number the Tax amount for that vehicle will automatically transfer to the toll
gate system. And that cost information will be sent through GSM modem to a mobile phone
of the owner. The status of the vehicle will be displayed in the LCD. The main objective
behind this proposal is to create a suitable Automatic Toll Gate System to be implemented.
This system uses IR technology, making it very vulnerable to failure. Other than that, users
also have to bear the high cost of owning the two-piece tag required for this system.
However, this proposed system requires major changes in the infrastructure of the existing
toll roads. The above Figure shows the architecture of the proposed system. When the vehicle
is going to enter into the toll plaza, the first aim is to detect the type & no. of the vehicle. For
that purpose, it has to first pass through the RFID Reader. The ability of RFID to read objects
in motion and out of the line-of-sight is its major advantage. The tags can be read under harsh
conditions of temperature, chemicals and high pressure In this system the tag is detected by
the RFID reader & the data is matched with the database provided at every toll booth. The
use of RFID technology reduces operational costs by reducing the need for human operators
in systems that collect information and revenue collection.
The whole system is connected with Internet and web app via server having the database of
the Hardware vehicle and web app so as to make the system work with high speed and give
accurate results. The project having the advance features like the vehicle will be monitored
for accident detection using IR sensor interfaced with the vehicle, in case vehicle met with an
accident the information will be sent the nearest police station as well as ambulance and
family members to take quick action. At the toll gate there is a feature to detect the
unregistered vehicles with the help of RFID technology and intimate the status to the
concerned authority. If the card detail is not available in the database the vehicle will be
considered as an unregistered vehicle and necessary action will be taken.
 CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

5.1 Advantages:

 While moving itself vehicles Toll will be collected and no need for the vehicle to stop.
 Avoids queue at toll plaza.
 It prevents problems associated with change since payment is done via card.
 Saves time.
 Vehicle accidents can be detected and information can be sent to Ambulance and
police station immediately.
 Unregistered vehicles can be tracked easily and necessary actions can be taken.

5.2 Applications:
 The project can be applied at Paid parking centers in the shopping malls.

 The project can be applied in the parking slots in cities.

 It can be used in emergency police application.
 CHAPTER 6
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 Technical specifications:
 Operating voltage of embedded circuitry is 5vdc for ARM7 and 3.3v for Raspberry
Pi.
 Current consumption of device in active mode 200mill amp.
 Operating frequency of device is 11.0592MHZ for 8051 and 40-60 MHZ for ARM7.
References:
[1] W.-H. Lee, B.-S.Jeng, S.-S.Tseng, and C.-H. Wang, ―Electronic toll collection based on
vehicle-positioning system techniques, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Networking, Sensing, and
Control, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Mar. 21–23, 2004, pp. 643 648.
[2] C.M. Roberts, “Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),” Computers & Security, Elsevier,
2006.
[3] Mohamed Mezghani “Study on electronic ticketing in public transport for EMTA” May
2008
[4] dr.S.Asif Hussain et al. – “ automatic toll E- ticketing system for transportation systems”
3rd MEC International Conference on Big Data and Smart City (2016)
[5] Di Ma, Member, IEEE, Nitesh Saxena, Member, IEEE, Tuo Xiang, and Yan Zhu ieee
transactions on dependable and secure computing, vol. 10, no. 2, march/april 2013
[6] Optimal Control of Admission to a Queueing System ieee transacitons on automatic control.
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