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1.0 INTRODUCTION.

1.1 Course introduction.

Geology is the study of this planet Earth, its origin, history, composition,
structure and dynamics of how it changes. The word geology is derived from Greek
word (geo-earth; logos- discourse). Geology is an event formed during geological
time which involves interpretation and also observation of the event that occurred
and it is still occurring at present in our earth. Geology processes that takes place
during the very large span of geological time, left their record in the rocks. One of
the unique features of Earth is that the Earth is not a static body but is in constant
motion and changes continually.

Engineering geology is a subfield of geological study concerning about the


geological inputs and the uses of the information to solve the engineering problems.
It exists solely to serve art and science of engineering through description of the
structure and attributes of rocks connected with engineering works (Goodman,
1993). Some engineering works that need understanding or related to geological
aspect are construction of dam, landslide, rock as aggregates and construction
material, hydro geological and etc.

Geology study the Earth formed and evolved during the past 4.4 billion
years, including the origin of continents, oceans, atmosphere and life and how
natural processes deep within Earth's interior shape the surface on which we live.
As a Geology student, you will learn how to interpret geological processes and
Earth history, and about the formation of important resources and how climate and
environments change through time. Geology is a course for those with an insatiable
curiosity of the world around them, and for those who love the great outdoors. From
geology course we can know more about rocks and its minerals, failure of the rocks,
geologic agent, and weathering and how certain rocks formed.
1.2 Trip introduction.

This project was carried out site visit at Ayer Hitam,Batu, Johor and Pulau
Mawar, Mersing,Johor under Geology Engineering subject (BFC 3103) to give a
real view and experience of geological structure. . It provides students the
opportunity to apply their accumulated knowledge and skills to the investigation
and interpretation of unfamiliar geologic areas. The field trip is a tradition in the
education of a geologist. It is an intensive outdoor course that applies classroom
and laboratory training to solving geological problems in the field. Skills developed
during field trip typically include, collection of geologic data, interpreting geologic
structures and how to take notes in the field.

This subject focused more in career exposure in engineering field especially


in geology field. This programmer emphasizes geological engineering skills and
provides the best technical background for employment as an engineering geologist
or geotechnical engineer. Geology plays an important role in study of rocks and
mineral, weathering profiling, geologic agents, and failure. Since Pulau Mawar and
Ayer Hitam have amount of rocks, it was the best choice to have a field trip there.
It will expose more details about the rocks to students rather than study in class.
Geology can be studied in the classroom, but it can be better understood in the field.

Site visit : Pulau


Mawar.

Homestay :
Sri Kandi Resort

Figure 1 : Distance from UTHM


Pulau Mawar’s site

Ayer Hitam’s site

Figure 2 : Location site visit.

1.3 Objective trip

1. To let students know more about minerals and rocks.


2. Student can learn how to use the geological compass.
3. Learn how to measures the dip and dip direction of any planes.
4. Learn how to collect the data in the real situation.
5. Understand the work environment for geology engineer.
6. See clearly about the geology problems at Pulau Mawar and Ayer Hitam.
7. To have an investigation and interpretation of unfamiliar geologic areas.
2.0 METHODOLOGY

SITE VISIT
• AYER HITAM
• PULAU MAWAR

PERFORM THE TASK


• MINERAL & ROCK IDENTIFICATION
• WEATHERING
• IDENTIFYING THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
• MEASUREMENT OF STRIK, DIP DIRECTION AND
DIP ANGLE
• IDENTIFICATION OF MODE OF FAILURE
• ROCK TESTING (REBOUND HAMMER)

ANALYSIS OF DATA

REPORT RESULTS
1. Mineral & Rock Identification

Lecturer/Instructor will give explanation on geological history at this area. Every student should
take samples of rocks by using geology hammer.

I. Identify physical of mineral/rock surface such as:


II. Physical properties of mineral
III. Structure
IV. Grain/texture
V. Mineral composition
VI. Parent Rock
VII. Color

Students should write down the physical identification of mineral and rock and finally give the
name of the rock.

Figure 1 Lecturer give an explanation about mineral and rock identification

2. Weathering
Lecturer/Instructor will give explanation to identify types of weathering (physical & chemical
weathering) present at site. Then, lecturer will explain students to perform weathering profiling
of the rock outcrop. Record and sketch the types of weathering & weathering profile of the
outcrop based on guidelines at Table 1 and 2. Snap photo of the related weathering outcrop
which present at site
3. Identifying the geological structure

Lecturer/Instructor will give explanation regarding geology structure within this area. Record
and snap photo all geological structure which may present at site.

4. Measurement of strike, dip direction and dip angle

Measure and record the discontinuity data survey data (dip direction, strike and dip angle) using
geology compass and physical mapping. Record all the data (use Figure 1 as a guidelines for
discontinuity features) at Table 3 and snap photo of the related data which present at site

Figure 2 Measurement of strike, dip direction and dip angle using


geology compass
5. Identification of mode of failure

Lecturer/Instructor will give explanation to define each types of failure mode in rock slope
(Figure 2: Circular, plane, wedge and toppling). Used the camera to capture the available photo
of the failure mode (if any).

Figure 3 Identification of mode failure at Pulau Mawar

6. Rock Testing (Rebound Hammer)

Lecturer/Instructor will demonstrate how to performed Schmidt Rebound Hammer (L-Type).


Record all information during the demonstration and snap the photo of the testing. Calculate
compressive strength using chart given in Figure 3.

Figure 4 Dr. Aziman demonstrate a rock testing by using Rebound Hammer

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