Macedonian Pronominal Clitics as Object Agreement Markers*

Steven Franks
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1. Rudin’s Arguments

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Steven Franks, Vrinda Chidambaram, and Brian Joseph, eds. A Linguist’s Linguist: Studies
in South Slavic Linguistics in Honor of E. Wayles Browne. Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 189–
221.
190 STEVEN FRANKS

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1.1. Strict Attachment

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1.2. Fixed Order

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 191

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1.3. Other Differences from Full Pronouns

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192 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 193

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)+9.8O!,+C=8(!)2(!,.9(:)!%1,!.1,.9(:)!+=I(:)/!012.,3,!%1,!45-673,3,!/.1:(!
)2(/(!=(%9!)2(!,(F.1.)(!%9).:8(!83,D!=C)!%/!%!/(1)(1:(!+F!K3!)2./!,+C=8.13!
,(-(1,/! +1! %,,.).+1%8! F%:)+9/D! /C:2! %/! )+-.:%8.)OD! E2.:2! ./! 1+)! 0+9H
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,(9.4(/! F9+0! )2(! F%:)! )2%)D! .1! +9,(9! )+! =(! +4(9)8O! 9(%8.?(,D! )2(! :8.).:!
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!GC,.1!,+(/!1+)!,./:C//!8%13C%3(/!)2%)!8%:*!39%00%).:%8.?(,!:8.).:!,+C=8.13D!
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1+C1!=(:%C/(!47+,!./!E+C8,!:8(%98O!1+)!2+8,!2(9(&!@+E(4(9D!)2(!/%0(!F%:)+9/!
%/!.1!/(:).+1/!J&5!%1,!J&7!%=+4(!/2+C8,!=(!-9+=8(0%).:!F+9!2(9!/)9.:)!.1)(9-9(H
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.//C(!.1!)2(!1(R)!/(:).+1&!
! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 195

"#$%&! '()**)$! +#,! -'! .*%,%.'! %/! ,0)1! -2)! 34,+(%.-*5! !"#! 34'().%/%.5! %&! 67!
8#,!9#',!34'().%/%.5!%&!:-.;!
<,!%'!0+=)>)2!(2).%')*1!,0%'!>-2%-,%+&!=0%.0!')2>)'!-'!+#2!8)',!%&$%?
.-,+2!+/!,0)!)@,)&,!,+!=0%.0!-!*-&7#-7)A'!(2+&+B%&-*!.*%,%.!'1',)B!0-'!
(2+72)'')$!,+=-2$'!8).+B%&7!-!/#**1!/*)$7)$!+89).,!-72))B)&,!'1',)B;!
C!B+2)!/%&)*1!72-%&)$!-..+#&,!+/!,0)!/#&.,%+&-*!',2#.,#2)!-&$!,0)!$)2%?
>-,%+&-*!(+''%8%*%,%)'!-**+=)$!81!,0%'!',2#.,#2)!%'!,0#'!.-**)$!/+2;!

2. Some Formal Preliminaries

D+! 2)>%)=E! "#$%&A'! FGGH! ',2#.,#2)! (*-.)'! 67! -&$! :-.! .*%,%.'! %&! C72I!
-&$!0-'!,0)!-''+.%-,)!J),)2B%&)2!K02-')!LJKM!7)&)2-,)$!%&!,0)!-((2+?
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+/!-!V-')! K02-')!LVKME!=0%.0! %'!-&!)@,)&$)$! (2+9).,%+&!+/! WK;!D-R%&7!
,0)!/-.,!,0-,!-**!O*->%.!(2+&+B%&-*!.*%,%.'!-2)!.-')!/+2B'!B+2(0+*+7%.-*?
*1E! ,0)')! .*%,%.'! -2)! -&-*1X)$! -'! VT;! D0)! >-2%-,%+&! *%)'! %&! ,0)! $),-%*'! +/!
0+=!,0)!/#&.,%+&-*!.-,)7+2%)'!+/!.-')!-&$! $)/%&%,)&)''!-2)!%B(*)B)&,?
)$!%&!,0)!&+B%&-*!(2+9).,%+&;!Y0%*)!&+B%&-*!)@(2)''%+&'!%&!-**!,0)!*-&?
7#-7)'! 0->)! .-')! -&$! $)/%&%,)&)''! /)-,#2)'E! =0),0)2! +2! &+,! ,0)1! -2)!
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'+!%&!,0)')!*-&7#-7)'!VT!8)-2'!8+,0!.-')!!"#!$)/%&%,)&)''!/)-,#2)'!L9#',!
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(+''%8%*%,%)'\! )%,0)2! VK! %'! &+&?82-&.0%&7E! -'! %&! LH-ME! +2! %,! 9#',! ,-R)'! -&!
WK! .+B(*)B)&,E!.+>)2,*1!=%,0!VT!+>)2,E!-'!%&!LH8ME!+2!+>)2,*1!=%,0! VT!
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B)&,!,+!V!-'!(2+(+')$!%&!L^M!/+2!67!-&$!:-.;!O))!6+_R+>%`!STT^!/+2!$%'.#''%+&!
+/!,0)!',-,#'!+/!JK!.2+''?*%&7#%',%.-**1;!
196 STEVEN FRANKS

! "#$! %&!! '()!'(!!"**!

! ! +&! '()!'(!!"*!',)!!**--!
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%77C!%;!0;?78.:03;%7!?392!3?!:68!68%4!3?!:68! /69%18!022840%:87C! +873H!
M)O!188!T2+0.E!%;4!,3C89!USS-!39!Q9%;E1!USS-!?39!9878>%;:!%9<=28;P
:%:03;&! Q39! %;3:689D! 0:! 01! 3?:8;! :68! .%18! :6%:! 80:689! !"! 39! #$%&"'"! "+=:!
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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 197

"#$%! %#&'! ()! %#&! *&+$%(,')#(-! .&%/&&'! 0! $'1! 23*45! %#$%! ()6! #,/!
)#,7+1!89:!$'1!8;:!.&!-7%!%,3&%#&*<! 2)!$!-,('%!,=! 1&-$*%7*&6!%#&!0>!('!
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)('37+$*! $??7)$%(O&! =&$%7*&)! +&=%! .&#('1! ('! 0S LWX! N3! -*,',@('$+! ?+(%(?)!
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198 STEVEN FRANKS

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&"#&("0"*7-+-F(9.**.:+02(Z%*+0%$(/O[\]'F(+-(.0%(+0(:6+)6(.0*7()*+,+)-("0&(
"99+=%-()"0(E%("#23!%0,-("0&(93**(0.!+0"*(%=>#%--+.0-("#%("*:"7-("&1
D30),-4( A2( &+99%#-( 9#.!( -3)6( *"023"2%-( +0( -%8%#"*( #%->%),-4( @+#-,*7F( +,(
&.%-( 0.,( %=6+E+,( W#"&+)"*( 6%"&( !"#$+02FX( &%9+0%&( "-( ,6%( .E*+2",.#7(
!.#>6.*.2+)"*( !"#$+02( .9( "**( W"#23!%0,-X( "0&( ,6%( .>,+.0"*( %=>#%-1
-+.0( .9( "**( *%=+)"*( W"#23!%0,-X^,6",( +-F( ,6%( -.1)"**%&( "#23!%0,-( "#%(
#%"**7("&D30),-4(C%).0&*7F(U3&+0( !%0,+.0-( -%8%#"*(,7>.*.2+)"*(>#.>%#1
,+%-( :6+)6( #%>3,%&*7( 9.**.:( 9#.!( "( *"023"2%V-( >#.0.!+0"*( "#23!%0,(
-,",3-(E3,("#%(0.,(&+->*"7%&(E7(A2(/.#(,6%(.,6%#(A"*$"0(*"023"2%-'H(0.(
#"+-+02(.#( !"_!.8%!%0,F( 0.(-3E.#&+0",%()*"3-%-F(0.( )"-%( !"#$+02(.0(
0.!+0"*-4( S,( +-( ,63-( 6%#%( ,6",( U3&+0( ).0)*3&%-( ,6%( ).!>"#+-.0( 9"**-(
&.:04( `.:%8%#F( +0( ,6%( A"*$"0( *"023"2%-( ,6%#%( "#%( +0( 9"),( ).0,%=,-( +0(
:6+)6(&+#%),("0&(+0&+#%),(.ED%),(!"#$+02("#%(.E*+2",.#7("0&()"-%(!"#$1
+02(.0(0.!+0"*-(+-(+0&%%&(8+#,3"**7(&%930),4(G.#%.8%#F(+0(,6%("E-%0)%(
.9("0(%=>*"0",+.0(9.#(:67(,6%-%().##%*",+.0-(-6.3*&(6.*&F(,6%(9"),-("#%(
-322%-,+8%(",(E%-,4(U%)"**(0.:(,6%(&%-)#+>,+8%(&+99%#%0)%(E%,:%%0()*+,+)(

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
OP
(S0( "&&+,+.0( ,.( ,6%( -%!+0"*( -,3&+%-( .9( a:+)$7( /O[bbF( O[\c'( "0&( a:+)$7( "0&(
<3**3!(/O[\d'F(-%%("*-.(B"#-,"+#-(O[\OF(Z.-%>6(O[\\F(e8%#%,,(O[[PF(@#"0).(QRRRF(
@3f(QRRcF("!.02(!3)6(.,6%#(:.#$4(
! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 199

"#$%! &'(! ()*+%,! -)."'/0%)'1! 01-! %(2#! /")%)/! -'23")1*4! )1! %+#! $'(5#(6! 0.! )1!
7('1'5)10"!0(*25#1%!"01*20*#.6!%+#!/")%)/!).!01!0(*25#1%!01-!%+#!0.8
.'/)0%#! 01! 0-921/%6! 32%! )1! %+#! "0%%#(! %+#! 0..'/)0%#! ).! 01! 0(*25#1%! 01-!
%+#! /")%)/! ).:! .'5#%+)1*! #".#;! <2%! 5=! 0//'21%! '$! <*! /")%)/! -'23")1*!
.+0(#.! 7('7#(%)#.! >)%+! 3'%+! -)."'/0%)'1! 01-! -'23")1*4! &),! %+#! /")%)/! ?@ !
!"#! %+#! 0..'/)0%#! AB! .%0(%! 0.! 0! /'1.%)%2#1%6! 3'%+! 70(%! '$! 0! .)1*"#! 0(*28
5#1%C!&)),!%+#!0..'/)0%#!1#/#..0()"=!D0/0%#.!)%.!0(*25#1%!7'.)%)'1!>)%+)1!
EBC! 01-! &))),! %+#! /")%)/! 5'D#.! %'! F*(6! )1! #$$#/%! 3#/'5)1*! .'5#%+)1*!
'%+#(!%+01!01!0(*25#1%;!G1!.+'(%6!%+#!/")%)/.!0(#!0(*25#1%.!0.7)()1*!%'!
3#/'5#! 0*(##5#1%! 01-! %+#! 0..'/)0%#.! 0(#! 0(*25#1%.! .%(2**")1*! %'! (#8
50)1!.';!G%!).6!0.!G!.+'>!3#"'>6!0!.=.%#5!)1!$"2H6!>)%+!<*!%+#!5'.%!/'18
.#(D0%)D#!01-!.'2%+8>#.%#(1!I0/!-)0"#/%.!%+#!5'.%!)11'D0%)D#;!

3. The Case for Agreement

G1!%+#!7(#D)'2.!.#/%)'1!G! J20")$)#-!5=!/+0(0/%#()K0%)'1!'$!%+#!/")%)/.! )1!

<*!0.!?!+#0-.!01-!%+#!/")%)/.!)1!I0/!0.!F*(!+#0-.!>)%+!%+#!+#-*#!L#.8
.#1%)0""=;M! N+#! (#0.'1! >0.! %+0%6! 0"%+'2*+! %+#.#! 0(#! %+#! 3#*)11)1*! 01-!
#1-! 7')1%.! 3'%+! '$! %+#! .=1/+('1)/! -#()D0%)'1! 01-! '$! %+#! #H7#/%#-! +).8
%'()/0"! 7('*(#..)'16OP! )%! ).! 1'%! %(2#! %+0%! #D#(=! )1.%01/#! '$! 0! /")%)/6! $%$"&
'()*("& !& +(",-$& -(",.(+)(/& +0+)$16! .+'2"-! 3#! %(#0%#-! %+#! .05#;! Q+#1! ")18
*2).%.!-#./()3#!.'5#!.%0%#!'$!0$$0)(.!0.!(#$"#/%)1*!0!/'1%)12256!0!+)#(0(8
/+=6!'(!0!.J2).+6!G!%0R#!%+).!%'!5#01!%+0%!.7#0R#(.!+0D#!0%!%+#)(!-).7'.0"!
.#D#(0"! -)$$#(#1%! 010"=.#.! $'(! .'5#! 7+#1'5#1'1! 01-! %+#)(! 70(%)/2"0(!
/+')/#! '$! 010"=.).! )1! 01=! *)D#1! .)%20%)'1! ).! 0$$#/%#-! 3=! /'57"#H! $0/8
%'(.;OS!G%!).!%+#.#!$0/%'(.!>+)/+!.7#0R#(.!#57"'=!)1!/'1D#(*)1*!'1!'1#!
'(! 01'%+#(! 010"=.).! >+)/+! $0""! 0"'1*! 0! /'1%)12256! 1'%! %+#! 010"=.#.!
%+#5.#"D#.;! T%0%).%)/.! /01! %+2.! %#""! 2.! +'>! %'! %(#0%! 7('3"#5.! ")R#! %+#!
*(0=!0(#0!3#%>##1!/")%)/!01-!0*(##5#1%!.%0%2.!0--(#..#-!)1!%+).!707#(6!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
OP
!N+#! '3.#(D0%)'1! %+0%! 0*(##5#1%! &)1! %+).! /0.#! .239#/%! 0*(##5#1%,! -#D#"'7.!
$('5!7#(.'10"!7('1'21.! >0.!72%!$'(>0(-!)1!%+#!#0(")#.%! >'(R!'1!G1-'8U2('8
7#016!*')1*!30/R!0.!$0(!0.!<'77!OSOV6!01-!+0.!3##1! 52/+! .%2-)#-! .)1/#;!T##!
W2X!Y@@Z!$'(!/'57(#+#1.)D#!-)./2..)'1!01-!$'(50")K0%)'1!>)%+)1!(#/#1%!%+#'8
(#%)/0"!$(05#>'(R.;!
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52%20""=! )1/'570%)3"#! *(0550(.! )1! %+#! 5)1-.! '$! )1-)D)-20".! &'(! >)%+)1! 0!
.7##/+! /'5521)%=,6! .'! %+0%! /+01*#!).!0!50%%#(!'$!$(#J2#1/=!'$!0//#..)1*!'1#!
*(0550(!'D#(!%+#!'%+#(!'D#(!%)5#6!).!-2#!%'!>'(R!3=!F1%+'1=!?('/+!01-!+).!
/'""03'(0%'(.C!.##!?('/+!Y@@O!01-!(#$#(#1/#.!%+#(#)1;!
200 STEVEN FRANKS

!"#$ #%&$ '(')*#+,$ ,%-+,&.$ #%&/.&)0&.$ '1&$ 2+.,1&#&3$ +($ #%&$ ,'.&$ '#$ %'(24$
'15"'!)*4$#%&$,%-+,&.$'1&$!&#6&&($'$78$%&'2$6%+,%$/-0&.$#-$951$-1$'$
:&'#"1&$.&#$6%+,%$+.$5&(&1'#&2$2+1&,#)*$+($951;$<%&$:-1/&1$,'($-()*$!&$
'$ =1-(-/+(')$ ,)+#+,4$ 6%&1&'.$ #%&$ )'##&1$ ,'($ !&$ 1&')+>&2$ &+#%&1$ '.$ '($
'51&&/&(#$,)+#+,$-1$'.$'51&&/&(#$+(:)&,#+-($'##',%&2$#-$#%&$0&1!;$<%+.$+.$
'$ ."!#)&$ 2+.#+(,#+-($ '(24$ .-$ )-(5$ '.$ #%&*$ ,'($ ,-"(#&('(,&$ ,-/=&#+(5$
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,1+#&1+'$#%'#$=1&2+.=-.&$#%&/$-(&$6'*$-1$#%&$-#%&1;$<%".4$+#$+.$(-#$#&,%@
(+,'))*$ ,-11&,#$ #-$ .'*$ ,)+#+,.$ )+&$ -($ '$ ,-(#+(""/$ !&#6&&($ =1-(-/+(')$
'(2$'51&&/&(#$.#'#".4$.+(,&$&0&1*$+(.#'(,&$-:$'$,)+#+,$%'.$.-/&$2+.,1&#&$
'(')*.+.$+($#%&$/+(2$-:$#%&$.=&'?&1$-1$%&'1&1;$A'#%&14$'.$B1'(,-$CD888E$
+/=)+&2$ +($ #%&$ F"-#&$ +($ #%&$ +(#1-2",#+-(4$ 6%'#$ 6&$ '1&$ ',,".#-/&2$ #-$
,'))+(5$G'51&&/&(#H$+.$(-#$'$"(+#'1*$=%&(-/&(-(;$
I&,'".&$-:$#%+.4$+#$+.$".&:")$#-$,'#')-5$#%&$0'1+-".$=1-=&1#+&.$'($'/@
!+5"-".$&)&/&(#$/+5%#$%'0&$#-$%&)=$2&,+2&$6%+,%$'(')*.+.$+.$#%&$/-.#$
:+##+(5;$J:$,-"1.&4$.=&,+:+,$=1-=&1#+&.4$')#%-"5%$+(2+,'#+0&4$'1&$(-#$(&,@
&..'1+)*$ 2&:+(+#+0&$ -:$ -(&$ '(')*.+.$ -0&1$ '(-#%&1$ C.+(,&$ #%&1&$ +.$ (-$
"(+F"&$ /'==+(5$ :1-/$ K%-/.?*L.$ M@)'(5"'5&$ !',?$ #-$ N@)'(5"'5&4$ +;&;4$
'$ .+(5)&$ ."1:',&$ :-1/$ ,'($ .-/&#+/&.$ '1+.&$ +($ /")#+=)&$ 6'*.E$ '(2$ #%&$
)+?&)+%--2$-:$'$,)+#+,O'51&&/&(#$ /'1?&1$.%-6+(5$.-/&$=1-=&1#*$0'1+&.$
C.-$-(&$,'($,-"(#$+(.#'(,&.$-:$'$=1-=&1#*$'(2$/'?&$.#'#+.#+,'))*$1&)+'!)&$
=1&2+,#+-(.E;$P'0+(5$'$.&#$-:$=1-=&1#+&.$#%'#$%&)=$2+.,1+/+('#&$!&#6&&($
'(')*.&.$ +.4$ (-(&#%&)&..4$ '$ 0&1*$ +/=-1#'(#$ #--);$ N($ #%+.$ .&,#+-($ N$ #%&1&@
:-1&$ 6&+5%$ =1-=&1#+&.$ 6%+,%$ /+5%#$ 2&,+2&$ #%&$ &Q#&(#$ #-$ 6%+,%$ =1-@
(-/+(')$ ,)+#+,.$ +($ R',$ .%-")2$ !&$ '.,1+!&2$ #%&$ .#'#".$ -:$ -!S&,#$ '51&&@
/&(#$/'1?&1.;TU$N($2-+(5$.-4$/*$:-,".$+.$-($=-+(#.$-:$,-(#1'.#$!&#6&&($
R',$'(2$I5;$

3.1. Franco’s Agreement Features

B1'(,-$CD888E4$+($'(')*>+(5$V='(+.%$=1-(-/+(')$,)+#+,.4$,-(.+2&1.$'$0'@
1+&#*$-:$M"1-=&'($)'(5"'5&.$:1-/$#%&$=&1.=&,#+0&$-:$'$)+.#$-:$=1-=&1#+&.$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
TU
$<%&$&Q&1,+.&$"(2&1#'?&($+($#%+.$#1+!"#&$#-$W'*)&.$I1-6(&$+.$(-#$"()+?&$#%'#$
-:$ X-.&=%$ CTUYY4$ D88DE4$ 6%-$ '==)+&.$ ,1+#&1+'$ -:$ Z6+,?*$ C.&&$ :(;$ T[E4$ .+/+)'1$ #-$
#%-.&$ )+.#&2$ +($ CTTE4$ #-$ '15"&$ #%'#4$ &.=&,+'))*$ +($ 2+')&,#.4$ -!S&,#$ =1-(-"(.$ +($
R-2&1($\1&&?$'1&$!&##&1$'(')*>&2$'.$'::+Q&.$1'#%&1$#%'($,)+#+,.;$]*-(.$CTUU8E$
').-$ =1-0+2&.$ '$ 0'1+&#*$ -:$ '15"/&(#.$ :-1$ #1&'#+(5$ .-@,'))&2$ ,)+#+,$ 2-"!)+(5$ '.$
'51&&/&(#;$ N(#&1&.#+(5)*4$ %&$ 2+.,"..&.$ R',$ 1'#%&1$ #%'($ I54$ (-#+(5$ C=;$ ^_4$ :(;$
T`E$'$G.+5(+:+,'(#$2+::&1&(,&H$!&#6&&($#%&$#6-$)'(5"'5&.;$
! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 201

"#$%$"&'%()&("!*+!*,-'"&!$.%''/'0&1!"!2+!&#'!34!5%*5'%&(')!6()&'78!9$"! ()!
)'"*07!*06:!&*! ;$)<='8!>#("#! 5$))')!$66!&#'!&')&)1!?%$0"*! 7*')! 0*&!(0@
"6=7'!;.!A0*%!7*')!#'!$"&=$66:!#$B'!$0:!C6$B("!7$&$!(0!&#'!5$5'%!$&!$66D8!
,=&! >'! "$0! %'B('>! #()! 5%*5'%&(')! +*%! ,*&#! 6$0.=$.')! $07! %'$"#! )*/'!
5%'6(/(0$%:!"*0"6=)(*0)1!E#')'!$%'!.(B'0!,'6*>F!+*%!+=%&#'%!7'&$(6)!)''!
?%$0"*!G444H!
!
! A33D! $1! C&%("&!$7-$"'0":!&*!IJ=KLMN!
! ! ,1! C:0&$"&("!=0(&!>(&#!#*)&!
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! ! 71! ?(K'7!*%7'%!
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! ! +1! O(++'%'0&!5$%$7(./!)'6'"&(*0!
! ! .1! P**""=%%'0"'!>(&#!$""=)$&(B'!$%.=/'0&)!
! ! #1! Q0%')&%("&'7!"**""=%%'0"'!
! ! (1! 2,6(.$&*%(0'))!*+!"**""=%%'0"'!
! ! -1! P**""=%%'0"'!>(&#!5%'5*)(&(*06'))!RS!

3.1.1. Strict Adjacency

T#'%'$)! )&%("&! $&&$"#/'0&! A"+1! )'"&(*0! 313! $,*B'D! ()! )*/'&(/')! 5%'@
)'0&'7!$)!$0!(0B(*6$,6'!+'$&=%'!*+!;.!"6(&(")8!(0!5*(0&!*+!+$"&!"'%&$(0!/$@
&'%($6! "$0! 7()%=5&! $7-$"'0":1! J)! 7()"=))'7! (08! '1.18! ;(66(0.)! G44G! $07!
?%$0U)! G44V$8! G44W8! &#()! (0"6=7')! $)5'"&=$6! $7B'%,)! )="#! $)! !"#"$ X$6@
%'$7:Y8!A!%"D!&'("!X)&(66Y!$07!5$%&("6')!)="#!$)!)*8$+,-$X/$:,'Y1!J6&#*=.#!
+'6("(&:! -=7./'0&)! $,*=&! >#$&! Z! "$66! $7B'%,! (0&'%5*6$&(*0! B$%:8! ;.!
)5'$U'%)! .'0'%$66:! +(07! 'K$/56')! )="#! $)! &#'! +*66*>(0.! $""'5&$,6'8!
.(B'0!&#'!%(.#&!(0&*0$&(*0!$07!5%$./$&("!"*0&'K&H!
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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"6(&(")8!$07!$++(K')!&#$&!$%'!>(7'6:!=)'7!(0!&#'!"6(&("!6(&'%$&=%'1!]'%'8!#*>'B'%8!Z!
'/56*:! ^*0! ?%$0"*Y)! /*%'! %'"'0&6:! $%&("=6$&'7! 7($.0*)&(")8! >#("#! )''/!
)5'"(+("$66:!7')(.0'7!&*!"*0"'0&%$&'!*0!&#'!*,-'"&!$.%''/'0&!<=')&(*0!$&!#$071!
?=_!AG44`H!3a4b[D!$6)*!5%*B(7')!$0!'K&%'/'6:!=)'+=6!*B'%B('>! *+!+'$&=%')!+*%!
&'66(0.!)=,-'"&!"6(&(")!+%*/!)=,-'"&!$.%''/'0&!/$%U'%)1!
202 STEVEN FRANKS

! "#$%! &'! ()! !"#! *+! $%& '(& ,&-&'!

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6;5<,!D597*-&<!+!&<3!;57;3D6M!59!(7<F`!+!5D!59!B!&9,!6;3!N<494059&-!>-565>D!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 203

"#$!"%&'()$%!*'!+,-!*.$! /$#0"1!2"#*(3(21$!(4!()!*.$! )$5*!.$"%! %'6)7!(8$87!

(99$%("*$1:!*'!*.$!#(;.*!'<!+8==!+.(4!6"4!9$")*!"9');!'*.$#!*.();4!*'!
"33'99'%"*$!*.$!>;!"%/$#0!()*$#2'1"*(')!<"3*47!*"?();!*.$!1$<*!$%;$!'<!
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204 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 205

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206 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 207

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208 STEVEN FRANKS

3.1.4. Fixed Order

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 209

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210 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 211

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212 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 213

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3.2. Other Differences

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214 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 215

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216 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 217

! "#$%! &'! !"#$%!()*+,(-.!)./0,12+!0*!0.32(,2+!4254+(.0,1'!

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-24+!2@!J*4+!K=*(,>8!*4!<,4>;44.<!,0!L)*014!*0<!M,03!NOOO!!"#$%&'(!'8!02!
4;>9! >=,+,>4! ).-*,08! 9*(,03! .,+9.)! &..0! *44,-,=*+.<! +2! 2+9.)! -2)592P
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,0!5)23).44!,0!D*>R!
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218 STEVEN FRANKS

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! MACEDONIAN PRONOMINAL CLITICS AS OBJECT AGREEMENT MARKERS 219

References

"#$#%&'! (#$)*+,! -./012! 34%! &5#! $#)*67)&68%! 89! &$):#;! <):#+8%6)%! :*6&6:!
=$8%8>%?@,!A)&5#$6%#!A5B)%C!)%+!D6:5)$+!"$#:5&'!#+,!!"#$%&'()#*+,
-.)/#(%.*#"' +0*(#1,! E%%! E$F8$'! <G;! <6:56H)%! I*)B6:! J>F*6:)&68%?'!
.K1L.0M,!N2%&3%4#*'!"#$%&'2#(5)%#"+'!.1,O!
"6**6%H?'! P8$#%, -Q11Q2! 3R5C! :*6&6:?! :*>?&#$! &8H#&5#$! 6%! ")*S)%! I*)B6:;!
T8%U&#V=*)&6:!V8$=58*8HC@,!W6%+X6:5!Y8V)%'!#+,!6.)/#"'#77).#&35+'
(.' !"#$%&' "%*48%+(%&+9' :35' +5&.*;' <**' <)=.)' /55(%*4>! E%%! E$F8$'! <G;!
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