Model 175A Autoranging Multimeter Instruction Manual Contain Operating and Servicing Information KEITHLEY‘WARRANTY Keithley Instruments, Ine. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of shipment. Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batter- ies, diskettes, and documentation During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair o: replace any product that proves to be defective. To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio, You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid, Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days. LIMITATION OF WARRANTY ‘This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley's express writen consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leak- age, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRU- MENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POS- SIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAM- AGE TO PROPERTY. Keithley Instruments, Inc. «28775 Aurora Road + Cleveland, OH 44139 + 440.248.0400 « Fax: 440-248-6168 + utp:/www.keithley.com gnc 709-160 Pir econ 0963 040-9600 “eh ces Mn, Ronni 1 Yan ol Dees, Mai Being D9 RIO RASS Fe B60 ETA “Mr 8 cmon od Meine R620 IEA“ 118957 60-118 959649 We S Ginpuam hs a0iseMGiows tana owoeeteNeOa THUS Toa Sierlanb, ve RO. A863572 9077 a BBS 909 omModel 175A Autorange Multimeter Instruction Manual Test Instrumer Al rights reserved. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. January 1990, First Printing Document Number: 175A-901-01 Rev. AAll Keithley products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. (Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ‘The following safety precautions should be observed before operating the Model 175A. his instrument is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read over the manual carefully before operating this instrument. Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present at the instrument's input. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V rms or 42.4V peak are present. A good safety practice is to expect that a hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring. Inspect the test leads for possible wear, cracks or breaks before each use. If any defects are found, replace the test leads. For optimum safety donot touch the test leads or the instrument while powers applied to the circuit under test. Turn the power off and discharge all capacitors before connecting or disconnecting the instrument. Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground, Always make ts with dry hands while standing on adry, insulated surface, capable of with- standing the voltage being measured. Exercise extreme safety when testing high energy power circuits (AC line or mains, etc). Refer to High Energy Circuit Safety Precautions found in paragraph 2.2. Do not exceed the instrument's maximum allowable input as defined in the specifications and operation section. Instrumentation and accessories should not be connected tohumans.Model 175A Autoranging DMM Dc VOLTS ACCURACY (1 Yea ANGE RESOLUTION Hadg+ counts) om 0 av 0362 2 v 100 5V ap 2 ov ‘nv oso =o wonv fast INPUT RESISTANCE: 11M on 20m, 2V, a 20V range. 10M on 2000 and 100 ranges (10UDMon the 0m ene 2V ranges witha uneton batons the out postion) [NORMAL MODE REJECTION RATIO: >60dBt Soe, 6 0.155, MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 1000V DC or peak AC (0s per minute on ‘ot and 2 ranges 300V rms cotinwos) SETTLING TIME: second to within count of nal resding on ange 4B MODE (ef 6000 Accuracy: (01248 + 1 coun sbove-7EdBm. RESOLUTION: 0.018 above 5% ofrange TRMS AC VOLTS ACCURACY Yea swigee Sesidg count) pr re er RANGE okie tok __20KE “SOK 00k WHY 1420 05420 «1 44025475 54200 dim’ 1s) 522 Issa) ‘above 100 counts, [MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 750V rng, 1I0V peak (<0 seconds per minate on lute ranger ONY ra connuous). OW ss maim 348 BANDWIDTH: 200k typical. INPUT IMPEDANCE: 1080 paralleled by <75pFon 2, 200V, and 1000V ranges 11Ma on 2 and 2V ranges. Capocvely coupled SETTLING TIME: 2second 0 within 15 counts of al reading on range AB MODE ef 6000 ACCURACY (dBm) ‘iN WAHL 20ktte- SOR WIV BOmVOTDV a2 0%~=«SSSC 2b s88a5m momv Mmmm «0203 Coase) QeVemV 2 3 Gin aaam Tavern tio 2 day RESOLUTION: 00148 above 5% ofrange. “Upto hk DC AMPS MAXIMUM ACCURACY (Yeu) VOLTAGE aeore RANGE RESOLUTION SURDEN __trdg-r counts) 200 WA 10m o3v, 01542 2ma 100 na o3y, O12 mm uA osv O1542 moma 30 ua o3v ose 200 mA 100 HA. bay 02 92 Ama o3y 05 “Above 5A derte 015% rg per amp for alt hesting. OVERLOAD PROTECTION: mA Input 24 fase 250V),extemally accessible 10A ‘Input 204 for 85, unused. SETTLING TIME: second to within 1 count offal eading. ‘TRMS AC AMPS: ACCURACY (Yee soon wc VOLTAGE erdgecount) RANGE BURDEN _S6HSOH sos TORSO BduA-20mA 03 10 o8e2 2450 ‘oma 03V itz Gas s amma 08V 1 $3 ase20 = DA (O8Y Issam Page ‘Above 100 counts. “Ike mux Above SA deat 15S 14g /amp forsee heating. [SETTLING TIME: 2 acon o within 15 counts of ira easing, onMS: ACCURACY MAX. VOLTAGE ‘aYeu "ACROSS ease UNKNOWN RANGE RESOLUTION s(srdgscount) ON RANGE 2 a i0ma ‘052° av 21a-pr oma ons+1 2ov a a 0542 aay map 0 a 05+ 1 20v swam Yaa a2 st 2ov “When propery zeroed. “Appropriate range selected automaticaly. [MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT. 450V DC or peak AC. (OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE: 15. DIODE TEST: Display reads junction volage up to2V. Test erent: 07mA nto. [SETTLING TIME: 2esconds 0 within I count of final reading on ange. IEEE-488 BUS IMPLEMENTATION @tode11753A Option) .MULTILINE COMMANDS: DCL, SDC, GET, GTL, UNT, UNL, SP, SPD, LUNILINE COMMANDS: IFC, REN, EOI SRO, ATN. INTERFACE FUNCTIONS SH, A TS TE, 4, LD SR, RI2 PP) DCL. DT, PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Range, REL, dB, BOL, Trigger, Cabration, SQ, Satis, Output Format, Teminator GENERAL DISPLAY: 4}-gtLCO with tacight vite selectable 05 nheight platy, action, range, and sats incestion. [RANGING: Auto or manual on DC vols, AC vols, ohms; manual on AC amps, DC anes. AUTORANGING TIME. 200s prrange RELATIVE Pustbuton lows ong oon rang edings Allows edigs tobe ade wih respects borne value front pnd annuncior inate REL mode DATA LOGGER and MIN/MAX. 100 acing soreg capac ror dats sone fs slabs rates rom readinga/ sort] ong/ ur Aso Stes Sd ‘Sores miu and nim redings contac Gta logger ade ‘CONVERSION RATE. 3 rescng per seond (OVERRANGE INDICATION. “OL” duped. [CREST FACTOR (atioof peak value toms value, AC FUNCTIONS: 3. ‘MAXIMUM COMMON MODE VOLTAGE: SO es. ‘COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (ko unbalance >12048 at DC, St, Cortrsni3%.sebsDin AC ole ‘TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0-18C & 26-50°C) 201 xappliabie scurcy specication MC exept 0.0) for SOF bin AC Vl. ENVIRONMENT. Operating "50°C: 40% relavehumidty up 038° neatly nnte Se BAVC oS Storage 4010 S7OC WARMCUP- hour ied accuney. POWER: 15-125 or 210-230 femal sith selacte),S0-10V aval 0 (ols, BVA. Removable power cord: Optional our tay pack, Mode 1758. DIMENSIONS WEIGHT. thigh ide 7Snun coop tin Ain S10 in) Net weight Lg he I8 ce) ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED: Model 1751 Shrouded Test Leads, struction mal, Spaccatons subject to change without otic.Table of Contents SECTION 1 — General Information 11 INTRODUCTION 12 FEATURES... 13. WARRANTY INFORMATION . 14 MANUAL ADDENDA . 15 SAFETYSYMBOLS AND TERMS 16 SPECIFICATIONS 17 INSPECTION . 18 USINGTHEMODEL 175A MANUAL 19 GETTINGSTARTED 1.10 ACCESSORIES . SECTION 2 — Bench Operation 21 INTRODUCTION . 22 HIGH ENERGY CIRCUIT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 23 PREPARATION FORUSE ..... 231 Line Power ...... 232 Battery Pack Power 233 Battery Charging . 24 FRONT PANEL FAMILIARIZATION 241 Display = 242 Front Panel Controls ..... : 243 InputTerminals ........-.. 244 Current Fuse Replacement... 25 ERRORMESSAGES ........ 26 OPERATING CONDITIONS ... 261 Environmental Conditions 262 Maximum Allowable Inputs .... 27 BASIC BENCH MEASUREMENTS 274 Power-Up = 272 Relative Mode : 273 De Voltage Measurements 274 ‘TRMS AC Voltage Measurements .. 275 Resistance Measurements . 276 (Current Measurements (DC or TRMS AC) 277 AC plus DC Measurements 278 4B Measurements ..... 279 <4B Measurement Considerations and Applications 2710 MIN/MAX and 10DPoint Data Logger Operation 2711 Diode Test . . 28 TRMSCONSIDERATIONS - 281 ‘TRMS Measurement Comparison 2-10] 2-12| 2-12| 2-13| 2-13] 2-13]282 AC Voltage Offset 283 Crest Factor 284 Extended Frequency Response ‘SECTION 3 — Performance Verification 3a INTRODUCTION ........ 32 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: 33 INITIALCONDITIONS . 34 RECOMMENDED TEST EQUIPMENT . 35 VERIFICATION PROCEDURE 35.1 DC Voltage Verification 352 AC Voltage Verification .. 353 Resistance Verification . 354 DC Current Verification oe 355 AC Current Verification ......... SECTION 4 — Principles of Operation 41 INTRODUCTION 42 OVERALL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . 43 ANALOG CIRCUITRY 431 Multiplexer... 432 Input Buffer Amplifier . 433 -2V Reference Source 434 A/D Converter . . 435 Input Signal Conditioning 436 AC Converter 44 DIGITAL CIRCUITRY 441 Microcomputer 442 Adres Decoding - 443 PIA 444 Display Board 445 Display Backlight .... 45 DIGITAL CALIBRATION 46 POWERSUPPLY ........ 47 MODEL 1758 BATTERY OPTION . SECTION 5 — Maintenance 51 INTRODUCTION... 52 DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS 53 MODEL 1758 BATTERY PACK INSTALLATION . 54 LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION 55 FUSEREPLACEMENT..... 551 (Current Fuse 552 Line Fuse . 2 2-14 2-14) + 41 41 41 #2 42] 42] Ez 45 46 464 464 47] 47] 47 4 Est 5-1 5-4 5 55 55 55]56 5.6.1 56.2 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 5.6.10 57 571 572 573 574 875 58 CALIBRATION Pa penance Recommended Calibration Equipment - 5 Environmental Conditions ....- : ‘Warm-Up Period (CALIBRATION Switch : DC Voltage Calibration From Front Panel . AC Voltage Calibration From Front Panel . Resistance Calibration From Front Panel Frequency Composition Calibration Storage IEEE-488 Calibration . ‘TROUBLESHOOTING ..... Recommended Test Equipment . Self Diagnostic Program ...... Power Supply and Battery Pack (Model 1758) Checks A/D Converter and Display ceeteeees Signal Conditioning .... SPECIAL HANDLING OF STATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES . SECTION 6 — Replaceable Parts 61 62 63 64 65 INTRODUCTION . PARTS LIST ORDERING INFORMATION « FACTORY SERVICE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS AND COMPONENT LOCATION DRAWINGS 55 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 57 57 57, 58 5-8 5-8 59) 5.9) 5.10 S14 5sa4 a4 514 ei 6-1 6-1 6-1 61List of Illustrations SECTION 2 — Bench Operation Figure2-1 Model 175A Front Panel Figure22 DC Voltage Measurements Figure23 AC Voltage Measurements Figure2-4 Resistance Measurements . Figure?-5 Current Measurements between 2000mA and 20 Figure 2-6 Current Measurements up to 2000mA ..... Figure 2-7 Model 175A Typical ACV Frequency Response . ... SECTION 4 — Principles of Operation Figure41 Simplified Block Diagram . Figure4-2 Simplified Schematic ofthe Multiplexer —— Figure4-3. Simplified Schematic of the Input Buffer Amplifier ; Figure4-4 Simplified Schematic of the A/D Converter Figure 45 Resistance Measurements ~ Ratiometric Techniques Figure 46 Simplified Schematics of Ohms Circuitry SECTION 5 — Maintenance Figure5-1 Model 175A Exploded View .. Figure5-2 Display Assembly ...... Figure5-3. Model 175A Rear Panel . .. Figure54 Segment Identification... 2-16) a2 53 4 510List of Tables Section 2 — Bench Operation Table21 Error Messages . Table22 Model 175A Maximum Allowable Inputs Table23 dB Specifications for DC Volts (6002 Ref). Table2-4 dB Specifications for AC Volts (6002 Ref) Table25 Levels for Other Reference Impedances : Table2-6 Comparison of Average and TRMS Meter Readings Section 3 — Performance Verification Table3-1 Recommended Test Equipment . Table3-2 Limits for DC Voltage Verification Table3-3 Limits for AC Voltage Verification Table3-4 Limits for Resistance Verification Table 3-5 Limits for DC Current Verification Section 5 — Maintenance Table51 Input Terminal Identification Table5.2 Fuse Replacements TableS3 Recommended Calibration Equipment TableS4 DC Voltage Calibration ... = Table55 AC Voltage Calibration Table 56 Resistance Calibration ....... TableS7 __HP-85 and BASIC 2.0/4.0 Programming Language Differences TableS8 Recommended Troubleshooting Equipment - TableS-9 Sequential Display Test Steps .......... Table5-10 Troubleshooting Modes Table5-11 Power Supply Checks and Battery Pack (Model 1758) Checks Table5-12 A/D Converter Checks Table5-13 Display Board Checks 32] 3.2 a3 33 [5-10 [San 5-12 [S14 a5 5-15SECTION 1 General Information 1.1 INTRODUCTION ‘The Keithley Model 175A is a 4-1/2 digit LCD bench/ portable digital multimeter. The Model 175A can make the following basic measurements: 1. DC voltage measurements from 10nV to 1000V. 2. Resistance measurements from 10m® to 200MQ. 3. True RMS AC voltage measurements from 10LV to 750V. 4, DC current measurements from 10nA to 10A. 5. True RMS AC current measurements from 10nA to 2A. In addition to the above mentioned measurement capa- bilities, the Model 175A can make DC and AC dB voltage measurements. 1.2 FEATURES ‘Some important Model 175A features include: © 4-1/2 digit LCD display Electroluminescent backlight Fast autoranging Bench or portable Digital calibration 100-point data logger 0.08% basic DCV accuracy + True RMS ACV and ACA <4Bm/Relative functions Min/Max reading hold Safety input jacks 10A capability 100kHz specified AC bandwidth Options include: ‘+ Model 1758 Rechargeable Battery Pack ‘+ Model 1753A IEEE-488 Interface 1.3. WARRANTY INFORMATION ‘Warranty information may be found on the inside front cover of this manual. Should it be necessary to exercise the warranty, contact your Keithley representative or the factory to determine the proper course of action. Keithley Instruments maintains service facilities in the United States, United Kingdom, and throughout Europe. Infor- ‘mation concerning the application, operation, or service of your instrament may be directed to the applications engineer at any of these locations. Check the inside front cover for addresses. 1.4 MANUAL ADDENDA Information concerning improvements or changes to the instrument that occur after the printing of this manual will be found on an addendum sheet included with the ‘manual. Be sure to review these changes before attempt- ing to operate or service the instrument.SECTION 1 General Information 1.5 SAFETY SYMBOLS AND TERMS ‘The following safety symbols and terms are used in this manual or found on the Model 175A. tne ZX symboton theinstrument denotes thatthe user should refer to the operating instructions in this manual. The| Bo the instrument denotes that a hazardous poten- tial may be present on the terminal(s), Standard safety practices should be observed when such dangerous lev- ls are encountered. ‘The WARNING used in this manual explains dangers that could result in personal injury or death. ‘The CAUTION used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. 1.6 SPECIFICATIONS Detailed Model 175A specifications may be found pre- ceding the Table of Contents of this manual. 1.7 INSPECTION ‘The Model 175A Autoranging DMM was carefully in- spected, both electrically and mechanically, before ship- ment. After unpacking all items from the shipping car- ton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that might have occurred during transit. Report any damage totheshipping agent. Retain and use the original packing ‘materials in case reshipment is necessary. The following items are shipped with every Model 175A order: Model 175A Autoranging Multimeter Model 175A Instruction Manual Model 1751 Safety Test Leads Additional accessories as ordered. fan additional instruction manual is required, order the manual package (Keithley Part Number 175-901-00). ‘The manual package includes an instruction manual and any applicable addenda. 12 1.8 USING THE MODEL 175A MANUAL ‘This manual contains information necessary for operat- ing and servicing the Model 175A Autoranging Multimeter and the Model 1758 Rechargeable Battery Pack. The information is divided into the following sec- tions: ‘ Section 1 contains general information about the ‘Model 175A and Model 1758, including that necessary to inspect the instrument and get it operating as quickly as possible. ‘* Section 2 contains detailed operating information on using the front panel controls, making connections, and basic measuring techniques for each of the avail- able measuring functions. ‘* Section 3 contains performance verification proce- dures for the instrument. This information will be helpful if you wish to verify that the instrument is op- erating in compliance with its stated specifications. ‘+ Section 4 contains a description of operating theory. Analog, digital, and power supply operation is in- cluded. ‘+ Section 5 contains information for servicing the instru- ment. This section includes information on fuse re- placement, line voltage selection, calibration and troubleshooting. ‘* Section 6 contains replaceable parts information. NOTE ‘The Model 1753A IEEE-488 interface comes supplied with its own instruction manual. 1.9 GETTING STARTED Perform the following steps in sequence to acquaint yourself quickly and safely with the basic operation of the Model 175. 1. Referring to paragraph 2.3.1 for more complete in- formation, set the LINE VOLTAGE switch to the available line power. 2, Connect the female end of the power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel of the instrument. Con- rect the other end of the cord toa grounded AC out- let. Ifthe optional battery pack is installed the charge circuitry willbe activated. 3. Tum on the Model 175A by pressing in the POWER pushbutton. All of the zeros will be displayed briefly. 4. Connect the supplied test leads to the VOLTS/ OHMS/mA and COM jacks, and short them to- gether.