HYD 151.

Infiltration equations from direct measurement (1,2) and from

Example templates

1. Direct measurement (Kostiakov equation).

z=k*t^a Infiltration in mm and in mm min^(-1)
dz/dt=k*a*t^(a-1)

<----------Field data-----------> <-Calculated rates->

Time in minutes water cumulative Inf rate
start stop mid dt dZ Z z=dZ/dt
0 2 1 2 2 2 1
2 4 3 2 1 3 0.5
4 6 5 2 0.75 3.75 0.38
6 9 7.5 3 1 4.75 0.33
9 15 12 6 1 5.75 0.17
15 30 22.5 15 1 6.75 0.07
30 60 45 30 1 7.75 0.03
60 120 90 60 2 9.75 0.03
120 240 180 120 4 13.75 0.03

16
Kostiakov
cumulative infiltration,

14
12 f(x)cummulative
=infiltration
1.8508310892 x^0.3668287047
10 R² = 0.9693311324
mm

8
6
4
2
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
time, min
k a
parameter values 1.8508 0.3668

ka a-1
0.679 -0.6332
 measurement (1,2) and from soil properites (3).

nd in mm min^(-1)

<----------------------------Predicted-------------------------------->
Inf rate cum statistical fit cum analytical ------>
z=1.0831*t^(-0.7638)Z=1.8508t^0.3668Z=4.585t^0.2362
1.08 2.39 5.40
0.47 3.08 6.36
0.32 3.57 7.00
0.23 4.14 7.70
0.16 5.00 8.69
0.10 6.44 10.24
0.06 8.31 12.06
0.03 10.72 14.21
0.02 13.82 16.73

1.2
Kostiakov
infiltration rate, mm min^(-

1 f(x) =infiltration
1.0831441062 x^-0.7638198351
7
0.8 rate
R² = 0.9352448557
0.6
1)

0.4

0.2

0
250 300 0 20 40 60 time,
80 min 100 120 140 160 180 200

ka
parameter values 1.0831
 Integral of infiltration rate function
dz/dt=1.0883t^(-0.7638) <---from column H
dz=1.0831t^(-0.7638)dt
z=1.0831/(1+(-0.7638))t^(1+(-0.7638))
z=4.585t^.2362 <---final integral

180 200

a-1
-0.76
 2. Direct measurement (Modified Kostiakov or Philips (a=1/2) equation

z=k*t^a+f*t <---Excel cannot fit an equation of this form!!!

dz/dt=k*a*t^(a-1)+f<---Excel cannot fit an equation of this form!!!

Infiltration in mm and in mm min^(-1)

<------------Field data-------------<------------Calculated------------------>
Time in minutes water cumulative Inf rate Z mod
start stop mid dt dZ Z z=dZ/dt Z-f*t
0 2 1 2 2 2 1 1.9333
2 4 3 2 1 3 0.5 2.8667
4 6 5 2 0.75 3.75 0.38 3.55
6 9 7.5 3 1 4.75 0.33 4.45
9 15 12 6 1 5.75 0.17 5.25
15 30 22.5 15 1 6.75 0.07 5.75
30 60 45 30 1 7.75 0.03
60 120 90 60 2 9.75 0.03
120 240 180 120 4 13.75 0.03 <--pick f

7 1.20
Mod. Kostiakov Mod. Ko
infiltration rate, mm min^(-
infiltration rate, mm min^(-

6 f(x) = 1.605359126
Cummulative x^0.4138385213 1.00 Infiltrati
5 R² = 0.9444914513 f(x) = 1
0.80 R² = 0.9
4
1)
1)

0.60
3
0.40
2
1 0.20

0 0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 2
time, min
k a ka
parameter values 1.61 0.41 parameter values 1.037
ps (a=1/2) equation).

of this form!!!
of this form!!!

m min^(-1)
------------------><-------------Predicted
z mod
z-f dz/dt=1.037t^(-0.7312)+0.03 z=1.605t^0.4138+0.033*t
0.97 1.07 2.21
0.47 0.50 2.98
0.34 0.35 3.57
0.30 0.27 4.29
0.13 0.20 5.42
0.14 7.56
0.10 10.74
0.07 15.64
<--pick f 0.06 23.51

1.20
Mod. Kostiakov
infiltration rate, mm min^(-

1.00 Infiltration rate

f(x) = 1.0370092104 x^-0.7312213686
0.80 R² = 0.9426001791
1)

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0 2 4 6 min 8
time, 10 12 14

a-1
-0.731
+0.033*t
3. Predictive model based on soil properties (Green and Ampt).

f=-K*(1+((phi-theta)*Sf)/F))
K*t=F-Sf*(phi-theta)*ln(1+F/((phi-theta)*Sf))

Measure K, phi, theta, Sf

+phi -phi
K, cm min^(-1)= 1.97 1.97
phi= 0.52 0.52
theta= 0.32 0.32
Sf, cm= -9.37 9.4

using +phi using -phi

F f t F f t
-1 -5.66 0.1 1 5.66 0.1
-2 -3.82 0.32 2 3.82 0.32 300
-3 -3.2 0.61 3 3.2 0.61
250

cumulative infiltration, mm
-4 -2.89 0.94 4 2.89 0.94
-5 -2.71 1.3 5 2.71 1.3 200
-10 -2.34 3.32 10 2.34 3.32 150
-20 -2.15 7.81 20 2.15 7.81
-30 -2.09 12.5 30 2.09 12.5 100
-60 -2 27.1 60 2.03 27.1 50
-120 -2 56.9 120 2 56.9
0
-240 -2 117 240 1.99 117 0
When does ponding occur? After the steady rainfall rate ex
Solve the rate equation for cumulative infiltration when the r
f=K*(1+(phi-theta)*Sf)/F), cm hr^(-1)
I, cm hr^(-1) 7.88
Fs=-((phi-theta)*Sf)/(1-f/K), cm
-0.62
At the steady rate this occurs at the following time.
ts=Fs/I, hr
-0.08
and Ampt).
in filtra tio n ra te , m m m in ^ (-1 )

Green and Ampt

6

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
time, min

Green and Ampt

300

250
cumulative infiltration, mm

200

150

100

50

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
time, min
ady rainfall rate exceeds the infiltration capacity.
ltration when the rainfall rate exceeds the infiltration capacity.

ing time.