Affirmative testimony is stronger than the negative testimony.

Negative testimony of a witness cannot prevail over the positive statements of persons who were
eyewitnesses of the fact which is the subject of the investigation (Uda de Ramos et al vs. CA, et al. L-
40804, Jan 31, 1978)

The testimony of a single witness may be sufficient to produce conviction if it appears to be trustworthy
and reliable (People vs. Zabala et al 86 Phil 251; People vs. Salazar L-32858, Aug 18, 1974; People vs Tan,
Jr, GR No. 53834, Nov. 24, 1986)

Res Ipsa Loqui tur (‘the thing speaks for itself”) is a maxim for the rule that the fact of the occurrence of
an injury, taken with the surrounding circumstances may permit an inference or raise a presumption of
negligence, or make out a plaintiff’s prima facie case, and present a question of fact for the defendant to
meet with an explanation. It places on the defendant the burden of going forward with the proof to the
contrary (Ramos, et al vs. CA, et al GR No. 124354, Dec 29, 1999)