IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.
5, Issue 12, 2018 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
Data Management in the Cloud Computing
Ashish Adinath Vankudre
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Adarsh Institute of Technology Vita, Maharashtra, India
Abstract— The present cloud computing time opens another
road for organizations to consider moving their information
data management solutions to cloud. It is demonstrated
through recent successful deployments that data management
applications are one of the most suitable candidates for
deployment in the cloud. Data management in the cloud
Computing brings many challenges as well as advantages.
This paper represents the current state of data management
solutions in the cloud and the current direction of research in
Data management in Cloud Computing. It is necessary to
contemplate that the cloud-based data management is a very
fluid field, which means technologies are changing rapidly. It
is also important that industry is investing more as compare
to other field of data management, thus making an interesting
subject for detailed study.
Key words: Cloud, Data Management, Cloud Storage, Data
Security, Data Privacy
I. INTRODUCTION
The start of last decade clearly presented that the pace and
volume of data being generated is exceeding the current
capacity of ‘institutions’ data management. Cloud-based data
management is in turn helping to realize the potential of large
scale data management solutions by giving effective scaling
of resources. In a cloud-based data management scenario,
institutions rent storage and computing power in order to
make the data management applications work rather than
making considerable capital in-house investment for
infrastructure.
The primary advocates of public cloud services are
the public cloud providers themselves, but the adoption of
cloud-based systems has been relatively modest regardless of
a significant marketing push by major public cloud providers
(Geczy et al, 2013). As Mann and Morton described in their
respective papers, data management in cloud looks very
promising from the economic point of view initially, but
becomes expensive in a long term. Present-day public cloud
services are often economical for less than two years (Mann,
2011; Morton and Alford, 2009). Security, control and legal
protection of data and services are among the most important
aspects for organizations (Anthes, 2010; Lanois, 2010).
In a 2010 article,Shi describes the cloud. Though
there has not been a standard definition about cloud
computing, he describes the substantial features of it as
scalability, fault tolerance, high performance cost, pay-as-
you-go, etc. (Shi et al, 2010). Cloud-based data management
systems provide a flexible and economical solution to scale
horizontally with commodity hardware, and more
importantly, the scaling server resources are transparent to the
applications. It has been noted from the beginning of this
decade that more and more companies are moving their data
management applications from expensive, high-end servers
to cheaper, cloud-based solutions.
Data management is one of the most important
research areas in cloud computing. Many cloud-based data
management systems are in operational now, such as
BigTable in Google, Cassandra and Hive in Facebook, HBase
in Streamy, PNUTS in Yahoo!, and many other systems.
Cloud computing has become a major influence in data
management research and plays a key role.
This research study based on noted technological
literatures indicate that the research in cloud-based data
management systems is still in the early stages, and there is
enough potential for IS researchers to contribute to this area
of study. This paper clearly indicates that the researchers
share common research interests in following areas: data
management architecture, data security and privacy in the
cloud.
The rest of this article is organized as follows:
Section 2 summarizes the scope and boundaries of this
literature review. Section 3 describes the methodology used
to identify the relevant articles from various journals and
other respective places. Section 4 outlines findings and
explanations. Section 5 explains future work and conclusions.
II. SCOPE
Since data management is a broader area of study with many
subtopics for research, this review would like to set the scope
and boundaries of the paper to make the study focused. This
paper considers only the papers that address the following
research issues: data management architectures in cloud, data
security in cloud and data privacy in cloud. Though the
review may contain papers from other subject areas, the focus
is always in the mentioned areas.
III. METHODOLOGY
This paper is based on analyzing relevant articles published
in major information systems journals and conference
proceeding papers. This paper orchestration is influenced by
the suggestions given by Webster & Watson 2002. Three
types of article searches were conducted as suggested by
Webster & Watson 2002.
1) Start with journal databases like ABI/Inform (ProQuest).
2) Go backward by reviewing the citations for the articles
identified to determine prior articles.
3) Go forward by using the Web of Science (the electronic
version of the Social Sciences Citation Index) to identify
articles citing the key articles identified in the previous
steps. Determine which of these articles should be
included in the review.
Since data management in cloud is a relatively new
topic and many technological changes happened in recent
years, only the last 10 year articles were considered for
review. Articles are included in this review only if they
address any of the aspects mentioned in the scope section.
IV. ARTICLE RELEVANCE
In this section the identified articles using the above
mentioned methodology are categorized with respect to the
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data management characteristics. The following
characteristics were derived from the relevant articles after
analyzing the content:
Data management architecture in cloud: Articles considered
in this section deal with cloud based data management
solution architecture. Data management in cloud is still a
broader area, but the articles are limited to the topics of large
scale data storage, massive parallel query execution, and
facilities for analytical and query processing.
Data security in cloud: An article is included in this
category if it adds any value to the existing knowledge related
to data security in cloud.
Data privacy in cloud: An article is included in this
category if it adds any value to the existing knowledge related
to data privacy in cloud.
A. Findings
Technologically, the cloud computing concept is nothing new
(Howie, 2010). Distributed systems have existed for many
years. It is very clear that industry is moving towards moving
data out of their own data centers and into the cloud.
Data management in cloud addresses the challenges
in managing large collections of data in the cloud computing
environment. Huge volumes of data in cloud computing
environments pose big infrastructure challenges, including
data storage, massively parallel query execution, facilities for
analytical processing, and online query processing. There is a
high degree of complexity involved in ensuring that they can
sustain consistent and reliable operations under peak loads.
It is very clear from the paper that cloud-based data
management systems will not replace the traditional RDBMS
in the near future; however, it supplies another choice for the
applications which are suitable to be deployed in the cloud.
(Shi et al, 2010)
During the existing cloud-based data management
systems, BigTable, HBase, HyperTable, Hive and
HadoopDB are mostly used for analytical data management
applications, while PNUTS and Cassandra are used for web
data management. The chart below explains the file system
usage of each of the data management technologies used in
popular cloud solutions.
Project File System
BigTable GFS
HBase HDFS
HyperTable KFS, HDFS
Hive HDFS
Cassandra Local File System
B. Data Security in Cloud
The WikiLeaks case clearly exposed the risks of adopting
public cloud computing models and services (Sternstein,
2011). As more and more organizations are considering
moving data to the cloud and the critical nature of the
applications, it is important that clouds be secure. The major
security challenge with clouds is that the owner of the data
may not have control of where the data is placed.
Virtualization paradigm in cloud computing results in several
security concerns. (Hamlen et al, 2010)
One of the main security issues authors point out is
that the users are unaware of cloud security. Cloud users may
think they do not have to worry about the security of their
Data Management in the Cloud Computing
(IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 12/2018/063)
software and data anymore because they’re in expert hands
(Anthes, 2010).
Many articlesstate that organizations utilizing public
clouds lose control over their critical data and services. Once
the external entities gain control, data is considered
substantially less reliable than organizational intranets. Even
though existing solutions offer a data storage service with
good dependability, accessibility and availability guarantees,
and a geographically independent location, the adoption of
these solutions can be more problematic. As more businesses
move their data into cloud-based storage platforms, security
concerns remain under-appreciated.
As Ferreira mentioned in a 2012 article,
organizations should maintain control over their critical data,
services and infrastructure. Non-critical elements can be
outsourced to external providers. Critical organizational data,
services, and infrastructure to access them are kept in-house.
Cryptographic Cloud Storage is another concept proposed by
researchers, which offers a virtual private storage with
security of a private cloud and the cost savings of a public
cloud. (Kamara & Lauter 2010)
C. Data Privacy in the Cloud
The issue of protecting confidential data is not new. There has
been extensive research in the area of statistical databases.
There are increasing concerns about invasions of and
potential threats to privacy of personal information by
information technology. Other studies on privacy- preserving
data management can be found in Estivill-Castro and
Brankovic (1999), Atallah et al. (1999), and Verykios et al.
(2004). But most of the studies in this stream of research tend
to approach the privacy issue from a data miner’s standpoint.
Authors give several suggestions regarding data
privacy. A very fewof they suggested using categorical data
to prevent privacy concerns. Merging categorical values can
also reduce the proportion of identifiable records (Iyengar
2002).Another interesting research subject is to limit
disclosure of confidential data for identifiable records when
the data is provided to analysts for classification. This
suggestion can be done automatically or through manual
process. There are different techniques proposed by various
researchers. One technique is a data perturbation method that
can be used by organizations to prevent disclosure of
confidential information, while providing the data to analysts
for data mining (Bai Li, 2006). Another approach to privacy
protection for categorical data is data swapping, suggested by
Schlörer (1981) (who used the term “data transformation”)
and Dalenius and Reiss (1982).Fienberg et al. (1998)
proposed a loglinear model-based perturbation method that
generates sample data based on the empirical multivariate.
There is also a legislation or governmental aspect in
data privacy. For example, in the United States, the US Patriot
Act allows the government to demand access to the data
stored on any computer.
V. FUTURE RESEARCH
Knowledge creation refers to the development of new tacit or
explicit knowledge from data and information or from the
synthesis of prior knowledge [Becerra-Fernandez et al.,
2004]. This is important because it enables researchers to
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 228

move toward new research frontiers. Even though increasing
research interests are focused in this data management area,
people still need to exchange their ideas and results. This
review also aims to reflect top research progress in the cloud
data management area.
Cloud data management presents many challenges,
including problems of scale (storing petabytes of data,
providing massively parallel query execution, facilities for
analytical processing, and online query processing), security
and privacy, and environmental concerns. This study also
addresses the practical adoption of public, private and hybrid
cloud architectures. They differ in accessibility, ownership
and location of cloud-based environments. Since
Organizations can exercise full control over their data,
services, resources and infrastructure, private clouds are the
most beneficial for organizations (Orakwue, 2010). But
research on this area is not so popular.
There is a hybrid model for data management in the
cloud, since public clouds are the most risky and
disadvantageous for organizations (Hofmann and Woods,
2010). Organizations lose control over their valuable data,
services and infrastructure. Hybrid clouds represent a
combination of private and public clouds (Sotomayor et al.,
2009). Researches in this area are limited in terms of
accessibility, analytical processing and query processing, but
still there is room for further study. Suitable strategies for
effective management of hybrid clouds is also an area to be
explored.
There is one disadvantage of grouping or swapping
or merging in that they also reduce data quality. There is very
little research addressing this issue, and this problem may
need further investigation.
VI. CONCLUSION
After going through various cloud-based data management
information, it is almost certain that large scale data analysis
decision support systems, tasks and application-specific data
marts are more likely to take advantage of cloud computing
platforms than operational, transactional database systems.
The current research indicates that most of the research in this
area is happening in conjunction with the basic cloud
principles, such as dependability, availability, security, and
privacy. This paper provides an insight into the past and
present cloud-based data management issues and current
research interests. Insight into the past and present of cloud-
based data management allows for identifying the gaps in the
previously mentioned area of data management. Cloud-based
data management study areas such as private and personal
cloud and data privacy still require more detailed study and
research.
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