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- Posology:
(Derived from the greek Posos-how much, and logos-
science) is the branch of pharmacology dealing with
doses.
- Dose:
Is the quantitative amount administered or taken by a
patient for the intended medicinal effect.
So, the drug’s usual dose would be the starter dose for an
individual taking the drug for the first time, then the physician may
increase or decrease subsequent doses to meet the
requirements of his patient.
Factors affecting drug dosage:
1. Age
2. Body Weight
3. Body Surface Area
4. Sex
5. Pathological State
6. Tolerance
7. Drug-Drug Interactions
8. Time Of administration
9. Route Of Administration
10. Pharmaceutical dosage form and drug physical state
Age
Adult dose
Cowling’s Rule >2 Yrs x [Age at next birthday (in
Age years)/24]
Age + 12
Adult dose
Fried’s Rule for infants Infants < 1yr
x (Age in monts/150)
Body weight
Clark’s Rule:
Weight (in Ib)
Dose for child = Adult dose x
150 (average weight of adult in Ib)
Body surface area
Two such nomograms are presented, one for adults and one for
children.
1 cc = 1 ml 3 tsp = 1 tbsp
5 ml = 1 tsp 2 tbsp = 1 oz
15 ml = 1tbsp 16 oz = 1 pt
30 ml = 1 oz 2 pt = 1 qt
480 ml = 1 pt 4 qt = 1 gal
3785 ml = 1 gal 1 L = 1000 ml
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
1 lb = 454 gm
1 oz = 30 gm
16 oz = 1 lb
Lb= pound
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