SUST

Collage of Engineering
School of Civil Engineering
5th Class – Department of Structure
9th semester – 2014

Matrix Methods in
Structural Analysis

Tutorial No. (5)

Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

Trusses, Beams & Rigid jointed Frames

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 2
Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

Example 1 (Truss)

Using the Direct Stiffness Method (𝐷. 𝑆. 𝑀) analyze the pin-

jointed frame shown considering constant value of the Axial
Rigidity (𝐸𝐴) for all members.

Solution:

1) Overall Structure Stiffness Matrix (𝐾𝑆 ):

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
1 3
𝐴 𝑘 +𝑘 +𝑘
5 −𝑘 1 −𝑘 5 −𝑘 3

𝐵 −𝑘1 𝑘1 + 𝑘 4 + 𝑘 6 −𝑘 4 −𝑘 6
→ [𝐾𝑆 ] =
𝐶 −𝑘 5 −𝑘 4 𝑘2 + 𝑘4 + 𝑘5 −𝑘 2

𝐷 [ −𝑘 3 −𝑘 6 −𝑘 2 𝑘 2 + 𝑘 3 + 𝑘 6]

2) Boundary conditions: (𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)

→ 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 = 2𝑗 − 𝑅 = 8 − 4 = 4
𝑢 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
[𝐷𝐴 ] = [𝑣𝐴 ] = [ ? ] [𝐷𝐵 ] = [𝑣𝐵 ] = [ 0 ] [𝐷𝐶 ] = [𝑣𝐶 ] = [ ? ] [𝐷𝐷 ] = [𝑣𝐷 ] = [ 0 ]
𝐴 ? 𝐵 0 𝐶 0 𝐷 ?

3) Final Structure Stiffness Matrix (𝐾𝐹 ):

𝐴 𝐶 𝐷
𝐴 𝑘1 + 𝑘 3 + 𝑘 5 −𝑘 5 −𝑘 3

[𝐾𝐹 ] = 𝐶 −𝑘 5 𝑘2 + 𝑘4 + 𝑘5 −𝑘 2

𝐷 [ −𝑘 3 −𝑘 2 𝑘 2 + 𝑘 3 + 𝑘 6]

4) Members Stiffness Matrices:

𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴
𝐿
− 𝐿
𝑘=[ ]
𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴
− 𝐿 𝐿

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠; 𝑘 = 𝑇 𝑇 . 𝑘. 𝑇 ; 𝑇 = [𝑐 𝑠]

𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖 − 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚
𝐸𝐴 𝑐 2 𝑐𝑠 ] 𝑠 ≡ sin 𝜃
𝑘= [ ; (𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑮𝒍𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒍 − 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 − 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑜𝑓 )
𝐿 𝑠𝑐 𝑠2 𝑐 ≡ cos 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 − 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

4.1 Member (𝟏): (𝜃 = 90° ) & (𝑠 = 1) & (𝑐 = 0)

𝐸𝐴 0 0 0 0
𝑘1 = [
4 0
] = 𝐸𝐴 [ ]
1 0 0.25
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Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

4.2 Member (𝟐): (𝜃 = 90° ) & (𝑠 = 1) & (𝑐 = 0)

𝐸𝐴 0 0 0 0
𝑘2 = [
4 0
] = 𝐸𝐴 [ ]
1 0 0.25

4.3 Member (𝟑): (𝜃 = 0° ) & (𝑠 = 0) & (𝑐 = 1)

𝐸𝐴 1 0 0.333 0
𝑘3 = [
3 0
] = 𝐸𝐴 [ ]
0 0 0

4.4 Member (𝟒): (𝜃 = 0° ) & (𝑠 = 0) & (𝑐 = 1)

𝐸𝐴 1 0 0.333 0
𝑘4 = [
3 0
] = 𝐸𝐴 [ ]
0 0 0

4.5 Member (𝟓): (𝜃 = 126.870° ) & (𝑠 = 0.8) & (𝑐 = −0.6)

𝐸𝐴 0.36 −0.48 0.072 −0.096
𝑘5 = [
5 −0.48
] = 𝐸𝐴 [ ]
0.64 −0.096 0.128

4.6 Member (𝟔): (𝜃 = 53.130° ) & (𝑠 = 0.8) & (𝑐 = 0.6)

𝐸𝐴 0.36 0.48 0.072 0.096
𝑘6 = [
5 0.48
] = 𝐸𝐴 [ ]
0.64 0.096 0.128

5) Equilibrium Equation:
[𝐾𝐹 ][𝐷] = [𝐹]
0.405 −0.096 −0.072 0.096 −0.333 0 𝑢𝐴 10
−0.096 0.378 0.096 −0.128 0 0 𝑣𝐴 −5

−0.072 0.096 0.405 −0.096 0 0 𝑢𝐶 0

𝐸𝐴 𝑣𝐶 =
0.096 −0.128 −0.096 0.378 0 −0.25 0

−0.333 0 0 0 0.405 0.096 𝑢𝐷 0

[ 0 0 0 −0.25 0.096 0.378 ] [𝑣𝐷 ] [0]

→ Referring to the boundary conditions ⟹ (𝑣𝐶 = 0) & (𝑢𝐷 = 0)

0.405 −0.096 −0.072 0 𝑢𝐴 10

−0.096 0.378 0.096 0 𝑣𝐴 −5
𝐸𝐴 [ ] [𝑢 ] = [ ]
−0.072 0.096 0.405 0 𝐶 0
0 0 0 0.378 𝑣𝐷 0

6) Joint Displacements:
𝑢 1 23.73 𝑢
[𝐷𝐴 ] = [𝑣𝐴 ] = [ ] [𝐷𝐵 ] = [𝑣𝐵 ] = [0]
𝐴 𝐸𝐴 −8.80 𝐵 0
𝑢 𝑢𝐷
[𝐷𝐶 ] = [𝑣𝐶 ] = [6.30] [𝐷𝐷 ] = [𝑣 ] = [0]
1
𝐶 𝐸𝐴 0 𝐷 0

7) Members Forces:
𝐹𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 𝑘(𝐷2 − 𝐷1 )
⇛
𝐹𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑇 𝐹𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 ; 𝑇 = [𝑐 𝑠]

7.1 Member (𝟏): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐵 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐴 ) & 𝑇 = [0 1]

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

0 0 23.73 0
𝐹1 = 𝑇𝑘 1 (𝐷𝐴 − 𝐷𝐵 ) = [0 1] [ ] ([ ] − [ ])
0 0.25 −8.80 0
23.73
= [0 0.25] [ ] = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)
−8.80
 4
Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

7.2 Member (𝟐): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐶 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐷 ) & 𝑇 = [0 1]

0 0 0 6.30
𝐹 2 = 𝑇𝑘 2 (𝐷𝐷 − 𝐷𝐶 ) = [0 1] [ ] ([ ] − [ ])
0 0.25 0 0
−6.30
= [0 0.25] [ ]=𝟎
0

7.3 Member (𝟑): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐴 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐷 ) & 𝑇 = [1 0]

0.333 0 0 23.73
𝐹 3 = 𝑇𝑘 3 (𝐷𝐷 − 𝐷𝐴 ) = [1 0] [ ] ([ ] − [ ])
0 0 0 −8.80
−23.73
= [0.333 0] [ ] = −𝟕. 𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)
8.80

7.4 Member (𝟒): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐵 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐶 ) & 𝑇 = [1 0]

0.333 0 6.30 0
𝐹 4 = 𝑇𝑘 4 (𝐷𝐶 − 𝐷𝐵 ) = [1 0] [ ] ([ ] − [ ])
0 0 0 0
6.30
= [0.333 0] [ ] = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)
0

7.5 Member (𝟓): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐶 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐴 ) & 𝑇 = [−0.6 0.8]

0.072 −0.096 23.73 6.30
𝐹 5 = 𝑇𝑘 5 (𝐷𝐴 − 𝐷𝐶 ) = [−0.6 0.8] [ ] ([ ]−[ ])
−0.096 0.128 −8.80 0
17.43
= [−0.12 0.16] [ ] = −𝟑. 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)
−8.80

7.6 Member (𝟔): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐵 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐷 ) & 𝑇 = [0.6 0.8]

0.072 0.096 0 0
𝐹 6 = 𝑇𝑘 6 (𝐷𝐷 − 𝐷𝐵 ) = [0.6 0.8] [ ] ([ ] − [ ])
0.096 0.128 0 0
0
= [0.12 0.16] [ ] = 𝟎
0

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 5
Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

Example 2 (Beam)

Using the Direct Stiffness Method (𝐷. 𝑆. 𝑀) calculate the member forces of the beam shown considering
constant value of the Flexural Rigidity (𝐸𝐼) for all members.

Solution:

1) Overall Structure Stiffness Matrix (𝐾𝑆 ):

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
𝐴 1
𝑘11 1
𝑘12 0 0
2
𝐵 𝑘1 1
𝑘22 2
+ 𝑘11 𝑘12 0
21
[𝐾𝑆 ] =
2 3 3
𝐶 0 2
𝑘21 𝑘22 + 𝑘11 𝑘12
3 3
𝐷 [ 0 0 𝑘21 𝑘22 ]

2) Boundary conditions: (𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦)

→ 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 = 𝑗 − 𝑅 = 4 − 1 = 3
𝐷𝐴 𝜃𝐴 0
𝐷𝐵 𝜃𝐵
[𝐷] = [ ] = [ ] = [ ? ]
𝐷𝐶 𝜃𝐶 ?
𝐷𝐷 𝜃𝐷 ?

3) Final Structure Stiffness Matrix (𝐾𝐹 ):

𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
2 0
1
𝐵 𝑘22 2
+ 𝑘11 𝑘12
2 3 3
[𝐾𝐹 ] = 𝐶 2
𝑘21 𝑘22 + 𝑘11 𝑘12

3 3
𝐷 [ 0 𝑘21 𝑘22 ]

4) Members Stiffness Matrices:

4𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑘11 𝑘12 𝐿 𝐿
𝑘=[ ]=[ ]
2𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝑘21 𝑘22
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝐿 𝐿

𝑘11 𝑘12 4 2
1 2 3 𝐸𝐼
𝑘 =𝑘 =𝑘 =[ ]= 4
[ ]
𝑘21 𝑘22 2 4
 6
Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

5) Equilibrium Equation:
𝐴𝐽 , 𝐴𝐸 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡
[𝐾𝐹 ][𝐷] = [𝐴𝐽 ] + [𝐴𝐸 ] ( )
𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦

8 2 0 𝜃𝐵 −80 80 − 80
𝐸𝐼
2 8 2 𝜃𝐶 = 0 − 80 + 0
4

[0 2 4] [𝜃𝐷 ] [ 0 ] [ 0 ]

2 0.5 0 𝜃𝐵 −80

𝐸𝐼 0.5 2 0.5 𝜃𝐶 = −80

[0 0.5 1 ] [𝜃𝐷 ] [ 0 ]

6) Joint Displacements:
𝐷𝐴 𝜃𝐴 0
𝐷𝐵 𝜃𝐵 1 −30.769
[𝐷] = [ ] = [ ] = [ ]
𝐷𝐶 𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 −36.923
𝐷𝐷 𝜃𝐷 18.462

7) Members Forces:
𝐹1 𝑘11 𝑘12 𝐷1 𝐴𝐸 1
⇛ [ ]=[ ][ ] − [ ]
𝐹2 𝑘21 𝑘22 𝐷1 𝐴𝐸 1

7.1 Member (𝟏): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐴 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐵 )

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −80 −95.38
𝐸𝐼
[ ]= 4
[ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −30.769 80 49.23

7.2 Member (𝟐): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐵 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐶 )

𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 −30.769 −80 −129.23
𝐸𝐼
[ ]= 4
[ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −36.923 80 27.69

7.3 Member (𝟑): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐶 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐷 )

𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 −36.923 0 −27.69
𝐸𝐼
[ ]= 4
[ ][ ]+[ ] = [ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 18.462 0 0
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 7
Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

Example 3 (Rigid Jointed-frame)

Using the Direct Stiffness Method (𝐷. 𝑆. 𝑀) determine

the member forces considering constant value of the
Elastic Modulus (𝐸) for the two members.

𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒:
− 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 1: 𝐼 = 200 𝑐𝑚4 & 𝐴 = 18 𝑐𝑚2
− 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 2: 𝐼 = 3000 𝑐𝑚4 & 𝐴 = 30 𝑐𝑚2

Solution:
1) Overall Structure Stiffness Matrix (𝐾𝑆 ):
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
1 0
1
𝐴 𝑘11 𝑘12
1 2 2
[𝐾𝑆 ] = 𝐵 𝑘 1 𝑘22 + 𝑘22 𝑘21
21
2 2
𝐶 [ 0 𝑘12 𝑘11 ]

2) Boundary conditions:
→ 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 = 3𝑗 − 𝑅 = 9 − 5 = 4
𝑢𝐴 0 𝑢𝐵 ? 𝑢𝐶 0
[𝐷𝐴 ] = [𝑣𝐴 ] = [ 0 ] [𝐷𝐵 ] = [𝑣𝐵 ] = [ ? ] [𝐷𝐶 ] = [𝑣𝐶 ] = [ 0 ]
𝜃𝐴 ? 𝜃𝐵 ? 𝜃𝐶 0

3) Final Structure Stiffness Matrix (𝐾𝐹 ):

𝐴 𝐵
1 1
𝐴 𝑘11 𝑘12
[𝐾𝐹 ] = [ ]
1 1 2
𝐵 𝑘21 𝑘22 + 𝑘22

4) Members Stiffness Matrices: (𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖 − 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛)

𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0 −𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0

0 12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 0 −12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2

𝑘11 𝑘12 0 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 4𝐸𝐼/𝐿 0 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 2𝐸𝐼/𝐿

𝑘=[ ]=
𝑘21 𝑘22 −𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0 𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0

0 −12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 0 12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2

[ 0 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 2𝐸𝐼/𝐿 0 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 4𝐸𝐼/𝐿 ]

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠; 𝑘𝑖𝑗 = 𝑇 𝑇 . 𝑘𝑖𝑗 . 𝑇

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝑐 𝑠 0 𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖 − 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚

𝑠 ≡ sin 𝜃
𝑇 = [−𝑠 𝑐 0] ; (𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑮𝒍𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒍 − 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 − 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑜𝑓)
𝑐 ≡ cos 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 − 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
0 0 1
 8
Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

4.1 Member (𝟏):

(𝐴 = 1800 × 10−6 𝑚2 ) , (𝐼 = 2 × 10−6 𝑚4 ) , (𝐿 = 4.619 𝑚) , (𝜃 = 0° → 𝑁𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑)

𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0 389.695 0 0
1
𝑘11 =[ 0 12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 ] = 10−6 𝐸 [ 0 0.244 0.562]
0 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 4𝐸𝐼/𝐿 0 0.562 1.732

−𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0 −389.695 0 0
1
𝑘12 =[ 0 −12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 ] = 10−6 𝐸 [ 0 −0.244 0.562]
0 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 2𝐸𝐼/𝐿 0 −0.562 0.866

−𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0 −389.695 0 0
1
𝑘21 =[ 0 −12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 − 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2
] = 10−6 𝐸 [ 0 −0.244 −0.562]
0 6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 2𝐸𝐼/𝐿 0 0.562 0.866

𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0 389.695 0 0
1
𝑘22 =[ 0 12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 ] = 10−6 𝐸 [ 0 0.244 −0.562]
0 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 4𝐸𝐼/𝐿 0 −0.562 1.732

4.2 Member (𝟐):

(𝐴 = 3000 × 10−6 𝑚2 ) , (𝐼 = 30 × 10−6 𝑚4 ) , (𝐿 = 4 𝑚) , (𝜃 = 30° & 𝑠 = 0.5 & 𝑐 = 0.866)

𝑐 −𝑠 0 𝐸𝐴/𝐿 0 0 𝑐 𝑠 0
2
𝑇 𝑇 . 𝑘22 . 𝑇 = [𝑠 𝑐 0] [ 0 12𝐸𝐼/𝐿3 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 ] [−𝑠 𝑐 0]
0 0 1 0 −6𝐸𝐼/𝐿2 4𝐸𝐼/𝐿 0 0 1

0.866 −0.5 0 750 0 0 0.866 0.5 0

= [ 0.5 0.866 0] × 10−6 𝐸 [ 0 5.625 −11.25] × [ −0.5 0.866 0]
0 0 1 0 −11.25 30 0 0 1
563.873 322.314 5.625
= 10−6 𝐸 [322.314 191.719 −9.743]
5.625 −9.743 30

5) Equilibrium Equation:
𝐴𝐽 , 𝐴𝐸 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡
[𝐾𝐹 ][𝐷] = [𝐴𝐽 ] + [𝐴𝐸 ] ( )
𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦

389.695 0 0 −389.695 0 0 𝑢𝐴 0 0
0 0.244 0.562 0 −0.244 0.562 𝑣𝐴 0 0
0 0.562 1.732 0 −0.562 0.866 𝜃𝐴 0 0
10−6 𝐸 = −
−389.695 0 0 953.568 322.314 5.625 𝑢𝐵 0 −25
0 −0.244 −0.562 322.314 191.963 −10.305 𝑣𝐵 0 43.301
[ 0 0.562 0.866 5.625 −10.305 31.732 ] [𝜃𝐵 ] [0] [−33.333]

→ Referring to the boundary conditions ⟹ (𝑢𝐴 = 0) & (𝑣𝐴 = 0)

1.732 0 −0.562 0.866 𝜃𝐴 0

−6 0 953.568 322.314 5.625 𝑢𝐵 25
10 𝐸 [ ][ ] = [ ]
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

−0.562 322.314 191.963 −10.305 𝑣𝐵 −43.301

0.866 5.625 −10.305 31.732 𝜃𝐵 33.333

Eliminating the first Unknown (𝜃𝐴 ) from the last two equations;
 9
Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis Direct Stiffness Method (D.S.M)

1.732 0 −0.562 0.866 𝜃𝐴 0

0 953.568 322.314 5.625 𝑢𝐵 25
10−6 𝐸 [ ][ ] = [ ]
0 −558.248 −332.164 17.362 𝑣𝐵 74.997
0 −9.743 17.632 −54.210 𝜃𝐵 −57.733

6) Joint Displacements:
𝑢𝐴 0 𝑢𝐵 0.190 𝑢𝐶 0
106 106
[𝐷𝐴 ] = [𝑣𝐴 ] = [ 0 ] [𝐷𝐵 ] = [𝑣𝐵 ] = [ −0.500 ] [𝐷𝐶 ] = [𝑣𝐶 ] = [0]
𝐸 𝐸
𝜃𝐴 −0.596 𝜃𝐵 0.868 𝜃𝐶 0

7) Member Forces:
𝐹1 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 𝑘11 𝐷1 + 𝑘12 𝐷2 & 𝐹1 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑇 𝐹1 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑐 𝑠 0
⇛ ; 𝑇 = [−𝑠 𝑐 0]
𝐹2 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 𝑘21 𝐷1 + 𝑘22 𝐷2 & 𝐹2 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑇 𝐹2 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 0 0 1

7.1 Member (𝟏): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐴 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐵 ) & (𝑁𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑)
1 1
𝐹1 = 𝑘11 𝐷𝐴 + 𝑘12 𝐷𝐵
𝑃𝑥𝐴 389.695 0 0 0 −389.695 0 0 0.19 −74.04 𝑘𝑁
[ 𝑃𝑦𝐴 ] = [ 0 0.244 0.562] [ 0 ] + [ 0 −0.244 0.562] [ −0.5 ] = [ 0.27 ] 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝐴𝐵 0 0.562 1.732 −0.596 0 −0.562 0.886 0.868 0 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

1 1
𝐹2 = 𝑘21 𝐷𝐴 + 𝑘22 𝐷𝐵
𝑃𝑥𝐵 −389.695 0 0 0 389.695 0 0 0.19 74.04
[ 𝑃𝑦𝐵 ] = [ 0 −0.244 −0.562] [ 0 ] + [ 0 0.244 −0.562] [ −0.5 ] = [−0.27]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 0 0.562 0.866 −0.596 0 −0.562 1.732 0.868 1.27

7.2 Member (𝟐): (𝐷1 ≡ 𝐷𝐶 ) & (𝐷2 ≡ 𝐷𝐵 ) & (𝑠 = 0.5 & 𝑐 = 0.866)
2 2
𝐹1 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 = (𝑇 𝑇 . 𝑘11 . 𝑇)𝐷𝐶 + (𝑇 𝑇 . 𝑘12 . 𝑇)𝐷𝐵
𝑃𝑥𝐶 0 −563.873 −322.314 −5.625 0.190 49.139 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑜𝑡
[ 𝑃𝑦𝐶 ] = [𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑] [0] + [−322.314 −191.719 9.743 ] [−0.499 ] = [43.076] 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝐶𝐵 0 5.625 −9.743 15 0.871 18.960 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹1 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑇 𝐹1 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑥𝐶 0.866 0.5 0 49.139 64.09 𝑘𝑁 − 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
[ 𝑃𝑦𝐶 ] = [ −0.5 0.866 0] [43.076] = [12.73] 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑀𝐶𝐵 0 0 1 18.960 18.96 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 − 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

2 2
𝐹2 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 = (𝑇 𝑇 . 𝑘21 . 𝑇)𝐷𝐶 + (𝑇 𝑇 . 𝑘22 . 𝑇)𝐷𝐵
𝑃𝑥𝐵 0 563.873 322.314 5.625 0.190 −49.139 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑜𝑡
𝑃
[ 𝑦𝐵 ] = [𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑] [0] + [322.314 191.719 −9.743] [−0.499] = [−43.077] 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝐵𝐶 0 5.625 −9.743 30 0.871 31.980 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹2 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑇 𝐹2 𝐺𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑥𝐵 0.866 0.5 0 −49.139 −64.09 𝑘𝑁 − 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
[ 𝑃𝑦𝐵 ] = [ −0.5 0.866 0] [−43.077] = [−12.74] 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑀𝐵𝐶 0 0 1 31.980 31.98 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 − 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg