Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
e d M
hm
Fayoum U
. A
R
D
Ahmed M. EL-Kholy
Copyright
Edition 3 - 2015
1- Scheduleholy
- K
E L
M .
2- SAP ???edOr Etabs ???
m
h
. A
R
D3- Examples
2
Ahmed M ELKholy 2
Important Brief
Introduction ly
ho
to L-K
. E
Finite Element e d M Method
hm
. A
“FEM”
R
D
Finite Element Analysis
“FEA” 3
3
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 44
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 5
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 6
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
m e d right click at any joint in SAP or ETABS
h
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 7
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 8
oh ly
- K
E L
SAP
m e d M .
hAnalysis Program
A
Structural
.
R
D
9
Ahmed M ELKholy 9
Important Brief oh ly
Introduction - K
E L
M .
m e d
to
h
. A
R
D SAP
10
Ahmed M ELKholy 10
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
11
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
12
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
13
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
14
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
15
16
Area Sections
..Define… Section Properties…Area Sections…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
16
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
17
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Design
18
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
19
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
20
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
Sign Convention
m e d
h
. A
R
D
Accessing the Help
21
Ahmed M ELKholy 21
Frame Sign Convention
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Positive Axial Force & Torque
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Positive M3 & V2
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Positive M2 & V3
oh ly
- K
L
Forces are per unit
length
. E
e d M
hm
. A
R
D
Positive Stresses and In-Plane Forces
25
Shell Sign Convention
oh ly
- K
L
Moments are per
unit length
. E
e d M
hm
. A
R Positive M11 & Positive M22
D Compress face+3
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
face 6 = face+3 = Red
hm
. A
R
D face 5 = face-3 = Pink
Ahmed M ELKholy 28
Degrees of Freedom
..Analyze… Set Analysis Options
oh ly
- K
Any space joint has 6 DOF
E L
Ux
M .
Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz
2D Frame XZ Plane
e
√
d ---- √ ---- √ ----
hm
2D Frame XY Plane √ √ ---- ---- ---- √
A
3D Frame √ √ √ √ √ √
3D Truss
R. √
√
√ √
√
---- ---- ----
D
2D Truss XZ Plane ---- ---- ---- ----
XY Slab (Vertical Loads) ---- ---- √ √ √ ----
XY Slab (Vertical & Horizontal Loads) √ √ √ √ √ √
29
29
Load Patterns, Load Cases,
ho l y
Load Combinations
-K
E L
M .
e
..Define… mLoad d Patterns…
h
. A
..Define… Load Cases…
R
D Load Combinations…
..Define…
30
Ahmed M ELKholy 30
?Load Patterns, Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Patterns…, Load Cases…, Load Combinations
y Pattern
oh lLoad
2 3 1
OW Dead=OW+Flooring+Wall Weight
.
Liner or Non-Linear
hmin ECP-RC
Wall Weight Ult=1.4Dead+1.6Live
to enter
A …….
Live Follow Chapter 3
.
the patterns
R
Wind
(values & shapes) of
D
EQ-Static
Temperature
…….
…….
applied loads
in the case
……
EQ-Dynamic
…....
Buckling …... 31
Moving Load 31
?Load Patterns, Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Patterns…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
32
32
Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
33
33
Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Flooring (modify/show case)
oh ly
- K
EL
M . Research
e d
hm
. A
R
D
34
34
Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..EQ Modeling…………
EQ Modeling oh ly
- K
Response SpectrumL Time History Analysis
Static
. E
Equivalent Static
Se
e d M ag
hm
(8-3)
(8-12)
Sd=Se/R
Load Method
A
(8-4)
F = [ S (T) λ / g ] W .
(8-2)
t
R
(8-11)
b d
D
(8-13) (8-5)
(8-14)
F = [ hi/Σh ] F
i b T
TB TC TD
EQX - EQY SPECX - SPECY
35
35
Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Modal (modify/show case)
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm ≥3√n
. A
R ≥ 90%
D ECL 2012
item: 8-4-2-6
36
36
Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Functions… Response Specturm…
oh ly 1
- K
2
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
3 37
4
37
Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Add New Load Case… Response Spec..
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
UBC: 9.81/R
D
..Define…
Functions…
Response Spectrum…
38
38
Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Add New Load Case… Response Spec..
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
..Define…
D
Functions…
Response Spectrum…
39
39
Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
40
40
Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations…
Envelope
oh ly
- K
L
Dead + Live “envelope” Dead
. E
e d M
hm
. A
R
D
Live
41
Ahmed M ELKholy 41
Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations… Absolute
oh ly
- K
L
Dead
E
Absolute (Dead)
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Absolute (Dead) + Dead “Linear”
42
42
oh ly
- K
Steps. ofE L
e d M
Buildinghma SAP Model
. A
R
D
43
Ahmed M ELKholy 43
Steps of Building a SAP Model
1 Units Bottom Right Screen
2 New Model
3 Available DOF Slide 29
oh ly
Slide 31~42
4
- K
Define… Materials, Sections, Functions, L Patterns, L Cases, L Combinations
5 Draw the Structure & Assign Sections
E L
6
M .
Assign Joint.. Restraints, Constraints, Springs
7
e d
Assign Frame.. Releases, End Offset, Intersection Points, Output Stations
8 Assign Area.. Springs
hm
. A
R
9 Assign Joint Loads & Frame Loads & Area Loads
Alternative 2
11 Run D
10 Display.. Show Loads & Misc Assignments
Ahmed M ELKholy 45
Step 3. New Model
..File… New Model…
oh ly
- K
E L
.
Cartesian & Cylindrical
e d M
hm
. A Slide 27
R
D
46
46
oh ly
Step 4*L-K
. E
Draw theed MModel …
hm
. A
Drawing Tools
R
D
47
Ahmed M ELKholy 47
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
48
48
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
49
49
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
50
50
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
..View… Set 3D View...
oh ly
View Direction Angle options: Set these three angles to determine the
- K
orientation of the view. These angles can be thought of as describing the
E L
location of your eye, looking toward the origin
M .
d
Plan angle: Your location in the X-Y plane, where zero is on the positive X
hm e
axis, and 90 is on the positive Y axis
. A
Elevation angle: Your location above or below the X-Y plane, where zero is
R
on the X-Y plane, and 90 is on the positive Z axis
D
Aperture angle: A measure of how strong the perspective effect is, or how
far away you are from the origin. Zero indicates that you are infinitely far
away, and all receding lines are parallel (no perspective). A value between
30 and 60 is usually adequate
51
51
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
Training Example
oh ly 1m
- K
L
M .E 3m
hmed
. A 3m
R
D
Z
Y X
52
4m 4m 52
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Using Excel
Drawing a Joint oh ly
Type Name X Y Z USER
- K
POINT 1 2 3 1 Y
E L
M .
Drawing a Frame
e d
Name XI YI ZI mXJ YJ
Type
h
3 5 A0 7 5
ZJ
LINE 1
R. 0
Drawing anD
Area
Type Name NumPoints X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 X3 Y3 Z3 X4 Y4 Z4
AREA 1 4 3 5 0 5 5 0 4.6 8.9 0 1.1 7.2 0
53
Ahmed M ELKholy 53
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Using Excel :: Training Example
oh ly
3 4 4
3
2
- K
EL
M .
d
9m
hm e
7m
1 2
. A Z
R
D
1 X 5
7m 2.5 m
54
54
oh ly
- K
Joint Constraints
L E
M .
e d
hm Constraints…
..Define… Joint
. AJoint Constraints…
R
..Assign…
D
55
Ahmed M ELKholy 55
Joint Constraints
..Define/Assign… Joint Constraints..
oh ly
A Body Constraint causes all of its constrained joints
Body
- K
to move together as a three-dimensional rigid body.
L
If a large number of these constraints must be created,
. E
consider using the weld constraint instead.
e d M
A Diaphragm Constraint causes all of its constrained joints
hm
to move together as a planar diaphragm that is rigid against
A
Diaphragm membrane (in-plane) deformation.
.
R
This constraint can be used to model concrete floors .
Weld if the Z axis is chosen, this constraint is equivalent to
Plate D
a body constraint in the same coordinate system with
translations X and Y and rotation Z chosen.
Rod
Equal
Column cross section – Roller support
56
Lateral load at slab CG – Hidden beams
56
Joint Constraints
..Define/Assign… Joint Constraints..
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Weld Constraint for lowering
bathroom floor
57
57
oh ly
- K
Definition E of L
M .
e d
hm
Non Prismatic Section
. A
R
D
58
Ahmed M ELKholy 58
Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic
60
oh ly
- K
L
Frame Intersection E Point
M .
e d
hm
Cardinal Point
. A
R
D
61
61
62
Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
62
63
Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
63
Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
64
Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
d
Cardinal Point
hm e
. A
R
D
65
65
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
Frame End
ed Offset
hm
. A
R
D
66
Ahmed M ELKholy 66
End Offset
..Assign..Frame..End Offset
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
This is a factor used to define the percentage of
the zone specified through end offsets to be
taken as fully rigid. 00 means no rigid zone and 1
means that the entire zone is taken as rigid.
67
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
Examples
ed
hm
. A
R Excel files to Lab PC(s)
D
Copy
68
Ahmed M ELKholy 68
Example 1
Truss-Frame
PD=2 t Release/Partial Fixity
PW=0.3 t PL=1 t
oh ly
Output Stations
T2
- K
1.5 1.0
L
T1
D1 V2
. E
B1 B2 B3
e d M
m
0.24 t/m
0.15 t/m
Steel 37
A
6m
.
All truss members are 2Ls 80x80x8
Z
R
All frame members are HEA 360
Ahmed M ELKholy 69
Example 2
RC-Beam
DL 1.00 t/m DL 1.25 t/m
LL 0.50 t/m oh ly
DL 3.0 t
-K
LL 0.40 t/m
Z LL 1.2 t 25 cm
E L 2
.
DL 3 t/m, LL 0.4 t/m
60 cm
3
X
e d
hm
2.5 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.0
1 4
. A 3.5 4.5
R Fcu=250 Kg/cm
D
Concrete
E=14000 √Fcu= 221359.4362 Kg/cm
2
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 71
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
72
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
73
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
74
Ahmed M ELKholy
Z
Example 4 B
X
Beam under Temperature
Z 2”
2 ly
oh Mater1
K
A
X 3
L- α=0.0000065 /F
E=29000 k/in 2
3” . E
10 inch
e d M
Load Case 1: Increase 20 F
hm
A
60 F
.
2
R
Load Case 2: Increase 2 F/inch along X-axis
K
A B
X
L - X
. E
e d M
hm
Case A Case B
Load Case
. AUx=0.0013
U F
1 R Fx=-22.62
D2 Ux=0.00065 Fx=-11.31
3 Uz=-0.0065 Fz=2.545
76
Example 5 DL
Frame under different loads and temperature LL
+Settlement + Inclined Support WL
Utemp
oh ly
NUTemp
- K
Sec. 3
L30 cm Sec. 3
.E DL 3.0 t
3m
30 cm
M
2
Sec. 2
30 cm
ed
2 LL 1.2 t
2
hm
125 cm
90 cm
60 cm
A
3 3 3
.
RSec. 1
D
Sec. 2
4m
Sec. 2
Sec. 3
Concrete Fcu=350 Kg/cm2
1m 3m 3m 3m 3m 2m
77
Example 5
Frame under different loads and temperature
+Settlement + Inclined Support
1-DL Case
oh ly
2-LL Case
- K
3-WL Case
EL
.
4-Utemp Case :: Uniform Increase 20 C
25 cmM
m e d 25 cm
2 30 C
h
25 cm 2 30 C
A
2 30 C
.
125 cm
90 cm
R
60 cm
3 3 3
D
5-NUTemp Case:: Increase 30 C outside the frame
6-Settel Case:: Downward settlement of 1 cm at hinged support
78
Example 5
Frame under different loads and temperature
+Settlement + Inclined Support
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
79
Cartesian 2-2-1-20-8-…
Example 6 Cylindrical 2-41-1-14.5-4.5-… & Origin=P
Replicate Radial
Arch 3 t/m
oh ly
- K
4m
4
E L 10
M .
e d
hm R2=102+(R-4)2
. A R-4
R
8m
D Y
X
20.00 m
P=(0,-2.5,0) 80
Example 6
Arch
oh ly
Horizontal Projection Load
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
81
Example 6
Arch
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
82
Example 7
Prestress Beam – Using Tendon Element
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Uz=0.165 inch & M=2004 Kip
Ahmed M ELKholy 83
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
oh ly
- K
Flat Slab E L
M .
e d
hm
Example
. A
R
D
85
Ahmed M ELKholy 85
Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives
oh ly
K
H/2
L -
E
H
.
H/2
e d M
hm
. A
R
H
D
86
Flat Slab Example
Minimum Dimensions
1. ts=15 cm. oh ly
- K
2. ts=L/32 for edge spans.
EL
3. ts=L/36 for internal spans.
M .
e d
hm
4. bc=1/20 span.
5. bc=30 cm.
. A
6. R
bc=1/15 floor height.
7. D
Edge beam depth ≥ 3ts
87
Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 88
Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
89
Flat Slab Example
AutoCAD DXF
1. Choose carefully & fix (0,0) point in CAD & SAP
2. Mesh 0.25x0.25 ~ 1.0x1.0 m2 oh ly
- K
L
3. Align the mesh at the beams lines, building edges
E
.
and lines separating different loads areas.
M
e d
4. A t least one joint must exist in the column C.G.
hm
5. Large columns may be represented by more joints.
. A
R
6. Avoid triangle and irregular elements shapes as
D
much as possible
7. Delete the openings.
8. Apply the rules given in slides 4~6 and 19~20.
9. Draw Slabs in CAD & (Col, beams, SW) in SAP 90
Flat Slab Example
Input
oh ly
1. Fcu=300 Kg/cm2
- K
2.
EL
Slab 22 cm “Isotropic == Material angle=0”
3. Beam B25X70
M .
e d
hm
4. Patterns: OW, Flooring, Wall& LL
5.
. A
Cases: Patterns
R
6.
7.
D
Combinations: DL & Work & Ultimate
Flooring=200 Kg/m2 & Walls=350 Kg/m2
91
Flat Slab Example
Material Angle
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
A
Isotropic
R.
D
92
Flat Slab Example
Input
Grid 9,10,1
oh ly
- K
L
X Spacing
.
1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82
E
e d M
hm
. A
R
D
Y Spacing
3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44
Ahmed M ELKholy 93
Flat Slab Example
Reactions
Display… Show Forces… Joints
Display … Show Tables..
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
94
Flat Slab Example
RFT
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
95
Flat Slab Example
RFT
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
96
Flat Slab Example
RFT Details
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ahmed M ELKholy 97
Flat Slab Example
RFT Details
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
98
Flat Slab Example
Development Length & Embedment Length
1. Item 4-2-5-1 ECP RC Structures
oh ly
- K
2. Ld ≥ Ld+0.3d from critical section (Column Face
E
for –M and mid span for +M) L
M
3. Le ≥ d & Le ≥ 0.3d+10Φ .
e d
Check Punchinghm
. A
R ≤ Eq. (4-32-a & 4-32-b & 4-33)
1. q=Qβ/b d (6-25)
D internal columns
0
2. β=1.15 for
3. β=1.30 for edge columns
4. β=1.50 for corner columns
99
Flat Slab Example
Check Deflection – item 4-3-1-1
1. ΔD+L+Creep ≤ L/250
oh ly
2. ΔD+L+Creep ≤ L/480
- K
“non structural elements likely to be
damaged by large deflection”
E L
3. ΔL ≤ L/360
M .
e d
hm
4. L?
5.
. A
Δ : from SAP or ∫MM/EI
6. R
Ie must be used for estimating Δ
7. D
Ie= (Mcr/Ma)3Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)3)Ic
8. SAP modifier= Ie/Ig
100
Project No. Date
DESIGN CALCULATION
Flat Slab Example SHEET Sheet No.
of --
Computed by
Batool
Check Deflection – item 4-3-1-1
Subject
Checked by Approved by
_ _
oh ly
Building
- K
Concrete Compressive Strength (f'c) = 300.00 Kg/cm2 = 30.00 MPa
Concrete Modulus of Rupture (fr) = 3.40 MPa (Eq. 9-9)
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity (Ec) = 2.6E+04 MPa
E L (Clause 8.5.1)
.
n (Es/Ec) = 7.77 (Clause 8.5.2)
Section Properties
Thickness of Section (t)
Breadth of Section (b)
=
=
32.00 cm
e d
100.00 cm
M Depth of Ten. Reinforcement (d)
Depth of Comp. Reinforcement (d')
=
=
32.00 cm
3.00 cm
hm
Tension Reinforcement (As) = 14.00 cm2 Compression Reinforcement (As') = 8.00 cm2
Span (l) = 10.00 m
A
Nutral Axis Depth (z) = 7.06 cm
.
Gross Moment of Inertia (Ig) = 273066.67 cm4 = 2.73E+09 mm
4
R
Cracked Moment of Inertial (Icr) = 80276.33 cm4 = 8.03E+08 mm
4
D
Cracking Moment (Mcr) = 5.80E+07 N mm = 5.80 m. t (Eq. 9-8)
Service Straining Actions
Bending Moment Due to Dead Load only (Md) = 5.40 m.t = 5.4E+07 N. mm
Bending Moment Due to Live Load only (Ml) = 2.66 m.t = 2.7E+07 N. mm
% of Sustained Load from the Live Load = 50%
% of Gross Inertia Used in Calculation = 100%
Bending Moment Due to Sustained Load (Msus) = 6.73 m.t = 6.7E+07 N. mm
Calculated Short Time Deflection (Calculated by total or percentage of gross moment of inertia)
Deflection due to Dead Load (Δi)d = 0.3000 cm = 3.000 mm
Deflection due to Live Load (Δi)l = 0.1700 cm = 1.700 mm 101
Flat Slab Example
Check Deflection – item 4-3-1-1
oh ly
Efffective Moment of Inertia (Eq. 9-7)
Under Dead Load Only (Ie)d = 273066.67 cm 4 = 2.73E+09 mm 4
- K
Under Dead + Live Load (Ie)d+l = 151953.891 cm4 = 1.52E+09 mm4
Modified Short time Deflection
L
Deflection due to Dead Load (Δi)d = 0.3000 cm
. E
Deflection due to Sustained Load (Δi)sus = 0.5169 cm
Deflection due to Dead + Live Load (Δi)d+l = 0.8446 cm
M
Deflection due to Live Load (Δi)l = 0.5446 cm
Additional Long Term Deflection
e d (Clause 9.5.2.5)
hm
For 5 years or more (Δlong) = 0.91887 cm For 12 months (Δlong) = 0.64321 cm
For 6 months (Δlong) = 0.55132 cm For 3 months (Δlong) = 0.45944 cm
Results
. A
R
-- Flat roofs not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large defelections:
D
(Δi)l = 0.5446 cm < l/180 = 5.5556 cm
-- Floors not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections:
(Δi)l = 0.5446 cm < l/360 = 2.7778 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by
large deflections:
(Δlong) + (Δi)l = 1.4635 cm < l/480 = 2.08333 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements not likely to be damaged by
large deflections:
(Δlong) + (Δi)l = 1.4635 cm < l/240 = 4.1667 cm
102
Flat Slab Example
Reactions Slide 88 & Constraint Column Joints
oh ly
With Constraint
Without Constraint
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Change Label of
the master joint 103
Flat Slab Example
Advanced Import
1
Layer: SAP-Slab y S22
oh lSection:
2
- K
L
E
Layer: SAP-Slab-b Section: S22-b
3
M .
d
Layer: SAP-Slab-C Section: S22-C
4 e
m SAP-Col
hLayer:
A
Restraint
R.
D
104
Flat Slab Example
Stairs & Bathrooms
oh ly
- K
E L
Two alternatives
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
105
Flat Assignment Due
o l y
Raft AssignmentKhDue
L -
E Sep
Thursday .03
ed M
hm
. A
R Assignment Due
First Etabs
D
Thursday 10 Sep
106
106
Complex Model ho l y
- K
E L
M .
e d
m Model
Add hto
. A
R
from Template
D
107
107
Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
108
Define, S-Doom
Complex Examples R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Origin 10.181, 12.586
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
109
Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
110
R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Complex Examples Origin 10.215, 7.527
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
Slab edge must be aligned with
R at their intersection
D in DXF stage
112
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
Tanks
m e d
h
. A
R
D
113
oh ly
Bearing
Capacity
- K
=1.0 Kg/cm2
EL
=10.0 ton/m2
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Y Z
X
114
Tanks
…Model
oh ly
Grid
Quick Area
K
2
2
L -
2
. E
6 5 Areas
e d M
4
hm
3
. A
R
D
Assign… Area .. Reverse local 3
+3 face out
115
Tanks
…Model 0.5x0.5 m2
116
Tanks
Define..J Patterns, ..Assign…Joint Patterns
oh ly
- K
Define
EL
Joint Patterns
M .
e d
Assign hm
Joint Patterns
. A
R
D
Water Pressure=3-(1)Z
117
Tanks
Assign… Area Loads… Surface Pressure
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
119
Tanks
Assign…Joints OR Area … Springs
Alternative 1:: Area Springs
oh ly
- K
L
100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2)
E
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
120
2
Edge Joints
Tanks
Assign…Joints OR Area … Springs
oh ly
100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0. 5X0.25
Alternative 2:: Joint Springs
- K
1
E L 3
M .
e d
hm 100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0.25X0.25
. A
R
100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0.5X0.5
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Four corner points to get
symmetric deformed shape 122
Tanks
Deformed Shape
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d Uz
hm
Uy . A
R
D
Ux 123
Tanks
Spring Forces
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
124
Tanks
Moments & RFT
oh ly
Base RFT, M11 & M22
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
125
M11 Horizontal RFT M22 Vertical RFT
Tanks
Check Bearing Capcity
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
126
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
RAFT
m e d
h
. A
R
D
127
-K
300 t
SEX 130 t
L
360 ton 290 t 110 t
70 t
SEY
E
410 t
.
Mx=My=1100 mt 400 t 60 t
M
Cases 110 t 290 t 410 ton
Patterns+
e d Mx=My=1100 mt 140 t
hm
190 t
140 t
SEXN 140 t
SEYN
. A 200 t 240 t
R
100 t 200 t 280 t
Bearing D 60 t 180 t
Capacity 130 t
85 t
=2.0 Kg/cm2 t=110 cm
=20.0 ton/m2 Fcu=300 Kg/cm2 128
Change to
RAFT Ultimate
…Patterns, Cases, Combinations, Design M
oh ly
Patterns
SDL
SEX
- K
SEY
EL
Design
Cases
M .
SDL
d
SDLEX
Patterns+
hm e SDLEXN
A
SEXN SDLEY
SEYN
R. SDLEYN
Combinations
SDLEX
D
SDLEXN
SDLEY
SDLEYN 129
Patterns
RAFT SDL
…Loads SEX
SEY
oh ly
SEX
- K
EL
M . Load SEX & SEY will be
ed
explained in the lecture
hm
. A
R
D
SDL
Change to
Ultimate
Complete Raft in the two
SEY
center openings 130
Flat Assignment Due
Monday 08 Sep
oh ly
- K
L E
Raft Assignment
M . Due
e d
hm
Wednesday 10 Sep
. A
R
D
Etabs Assignment Due
Wednesday 17 Sep 131
131
oh ly
Brief Introduction L - K
. E
eto
d M
hm
.
ECL A 2012
R
D
oh ly
shown in the given practice in lecture.
1. -
Try to avoid triangle and irregularKelements shapes
E L
.
as much as possible
Choose carefully & fix M
d applicable for continuity of
2. (0,0) point in Cad & Etabs
3. The mesh should mbe
h e
.
the columns andA shear walls in all floors
R mesh in Cad many times before
workingD
4. Check your
on Etabs
5. Delete any thing on layer 0
6. Draw Slabs in Cad & (Col, beams, SW) in Etabs
135
Etabs
DXF
7. Large Columns supporting spaced parallel beams
oh ly
may be modeled using area elements.
- K
8. Two alternatives to model the retaining wall.
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
136
2-Units
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Ton-m
137
Grid 9,10
X Spacing
3- New,… edb 1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82
Y Spacing
oh ly
- K
3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
4- Grid, Axes,R
D
Story data according your project
138
138
5- Etabs Commands & Icons
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
5- Options-Window-Change the windows number if
you want
. A
R
D One story
Similar stories
All
139
139
5- Etabs Commands & Icons
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
140
140
7- Define Design Data and Material (Slab,
Columns, Core..)
7- Design data (Options-Preferences-Concrete Frame
oh ly
Design/Shear Wall Design) ACI318-02 – Cm2 -
Cm2/m
- K
L
8- Material properties (Define-Material Properties-
E
.
Concrete 350) according the considered code
M
e d
hm
. A
R
D
141
9- Define Wall, Column, Beam, Slab
Sections
9- beams…. Define-Frame oh ly
sections (Add
- K
Rectangular) .. Make C30x100, C40x90, B25x60,
B12x60
E L
M .
m e d
h
9- slabs…. Define-Wall/Slab/..sections (Add slab, add
. A
wall) Make W30, W40, Slb20, Slb22 according the
considered R
D
code
142
9- Define Wall, Column, Beam, Slab
Sections
hm e
Chapter 6 in Egyptian RC Code– Ch 8 Egy Code loads
. A
These modifier R
D
for M1,M2,M12
143
10- Import your DXF floors
File-Import-DXF floor plan
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
144
قطاعات مبدئية غيرھا بعد سحب المودل بالقطاعات الفعلية
امسح اي شىء على layer 0
حدد نقطة صفر واحدة في Cad & Etabs
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
145
المودل بعد سحبه و تغير قطاع البالطة بالقطاع الفعلى
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
11-Select slabs then, Assign-Shell/Area-Wall/Slab
Section-Slb22 146
12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross
sections in Etabs
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
147
12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross
sections in Etabs
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
148
12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross
sections in Etabs
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
149
13- Fix the base points
Select the base points and then, Assign-joints-
restraints and choose fixed
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
150
14- Define Diaphragms for floors
Menu: Define-diaphragm-D1,D2,D3,D4…..D10
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
151
151
14- Assign Diaphragms for floors
Menu: Select-by story- strory2
Assign-Shell-D2
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
152
After assigning all diaphrams
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
153
15- Mesh Shear Wall Areas D, L, Equivalent Static EQ
16- Define Static Load Cases ,…Temp, H, Wind, Snow
-
19-Define Load Combinations ??Spectra or not?
K
20-Assign Loads …D, L, …
EL Retaining Wall !!..
e d
hm
22- Define Mass source Scale 26- If Spectra Method is utilized,
the Base Shear of Spectra Method
23- Assign Piers
. A to the 0.85 Base Shear of Equivalent Static.
R …ECL2012 P141
D
24- Check model 27- Re-Run & Check Log File…
25- Run Analysis & Check Log File
26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26
28- Checks: Mass Ratio, Drift, Overturning & Sliding
29- Read Straining Actions
15-Mesh (Vertically) Shear Wall Areas
..Two Alternatives 1- Bad Alternative
Edit… Mesh Areas ….
oh ly
2-Better Alternative
- K
Assign…Shell/Area…
E L
Area Object Mesh Options
M .
d
meshed
Correct
hm e
. A
Not
R
meshed
Wrong D meshed
Correct
meshed
Correct
155
16-Static Load Cases
..Define..Static Load Cases
Auto Lateral
Load Type SWM Comment
Loads
1 OW Dead 1
oh ly
Own Wight
2 SID Dead 0
- K
Flooring+Walls+….
L
3 LN Live 0
4 LG Live 0
5 LGT
.
Live
A 0 ψ=1.0, Table 8-7
R
D
6 EXA Quake 0 User Loads +X dir & Ecc=+0.05
oh ly
- K
2
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
4
3 157
18-Response Spectra Cases
..Define..Response Spectra Cases
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
158
19-Load Combinations..Define..Load Combinations
Combination Equation Comment Equ
1 SD OW+SID Service Dead (Deflection)
2 SL LN+LG+LGT Serivce Live (Deflection)
E L Ultimate Dead+Live-EX+ECC
(3-5)
.
8 UDLEXB 1.12SD+α SL+EXB Ultimate Dead+Live+EX-ECC
M
9 UDLEXBN 1.12SD+α SL-EXB Ultimate Dead+Live-EX-ECC
10 UDLEYA 1.12SD+α SL+EYA
e d Ultimate Dead+Live+EY+ECC
hm
11 UDLEYAN 1.12SD+α SL-EYA Ultimate Dead+Live-EY+ECC
(3-5)
A
12 UDLEYB 1.12SD+α SL+EYB Ultimate Dead+Live+EY-ECC
13
14
UDLEYBN
UDEXA
R.
1.12SD+α SL-EYB
0.9SD+EXA
Ultimate Dead+Live-EY-ECC
Ultimate Dead+EX+ECC
15
16
UDEXAN
UDEXB D
0.9SD-EXA
0.9SD+EXB
Ultimate Dead-EX+ECC
Ultimate Dead+EX-ECC
(3-9)
- K
22 UDLSpecX 1.12SD+α SL+SpecX Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecX+ECC (3-5)
L
23 UDLSpecY 1.12SD+α SL+SpecY Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecY+ECC (3-5)
E
24 UDSpecX 0.9SD+SpecYX Ultimate Dead+SpecX+ECC (3-9)
25 UDSpecY 0.9SD+SpecY
e d
hm
Dynamic Load Combinations
. A
R
D
160
20-Assign Loads
…Assign..Area Loads… Uniform
o l y
h cases
- K
Assign the loads for the slabs in the
SID, LN, LG & LGT
E L
M .
e d
m selecting the walls
Be careful and havoid
. Aassigning loads.
Assign R
when
161
21- Dynamic & P-Δ Parameters
…Analyze..Set Analysis Options..
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
162
22- Mass Source
…Define..Mass Source..
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
163
24- Check Model
…Analyze..Check Model..
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
164
25- Run …Check log file
…Analyze.. Run..//// …File..Last Analysis log File
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
165
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Vdynamic
166
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method
oh ly
- K
E L
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
Vstatic
D
Must be equal to Base
Shear estimated manually
Ahmed M ELKholy 167
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method
oh ly
Item 8-7-3-3-1-8
ECL 2012
- K
E L
M .
Scale Factor SpecX= Scale Factor SpecX
e d
hm 0.85 Vstatic X
. A *
R Vdynamic X
D
0.85 Vstatic YL - K
* Vdynamic . E
e d M
Item 8-7-3-3-1-8
h m Y
ECL 2012
. A
RRe-Run
D
!!!
Check Log File
Check Base Shear
169
28- Check Mass Participating Ratios
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
Item 8-7-3-3-1-5
ECL 2012
≥ 90%
170
UDLSpecX Item 8-8-3-1-a
28- Check Drifts UDLSpecY ECL 2012
≤ 0.005
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
171
28- Check Sliding, Overturning
oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
172
23 & 29- Assign Piers, Read Results
oh ly
Select Every Column and Assign…Frame….Pier Label
- K
E L
Select Every Wall and Assign…Area….Pier Label
M .
e d
hm
. A
R
D
173
Read Results of Columns
Read Results of Shear
ly Walls
ho
Exporting Results toLExcel-K & CSI
. E
Pier Local
e d M Axes
hm
Design. A of Columns
R
D
Design of Shear Walls
Using Etabs (ACI 318)
Ahmed M ELKholy 174
oh ly
SAFEL-K
. E
Introduction
e d M
hm
. A Raft
R
D
1 oh ly
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
3
. A
R
D
176
Check Columns Loads, Export to ACAD,
Adjust Point Style, Draw Raft boundaries, DXF..
5
oh ly
4
- K
EL
M .
e d
hm
A
6
R.
D
8
oh ly
9 10
- K
E L 12
M .
13
e d
hm
Columns & Walls Sections may be Deleted
A
to Provide Conservative Solution for the Raft
R.
D 14
15
178
Define Load Patterns, Load Cases, Mass Source,
Load Combinations (Working & Ult.), Auto Mesh …
18
oh ly
16
K
17
L -
. E
Delete Dynamic Load Patterns
e d M
hm
Delete Dynamic Load Cases
. A
R
Make Service Load Combs
to check Bearing Capacity
D
19
D + αL/1.2 + E/1.4 (3-13-C ECP)
0.9D + E/1.4 (3-14-b) 20
oh ly
- K
E L
Service Dead+Live “Vertical Loads ONLY”
d
To check B.C. under Vertical Loads RFT under vertical loads
hm e
. A
R
D
Ultimate Envelope to check
Service Envelope to check RFT under Earthquake & Vertical Loads
B.C. under Earthquake & Vertical Loads 180