CONTENTS

CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER – 1 (1-3)
INTROUDUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO LINE FOLLING ROBOT 1

1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM: 3

1.3 1.3 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 4

CHAPTER - 2 (4-6)

HARDWARE EXPLANATION

2.1 BASIC HARDWARE 6

2.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR (RPS): 6

2.1.2 DESCRIPTION OF TRANSFORMER 6

2.1.2.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE 6

2.1.2.2WORKING 7

2.1.2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMER 8

2.1.3 RECTIFIER 8

2.1.3.1 THE HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER 8

2.1.3.2 THE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER 9

2.1.4 Capacitor Filter 10

2.1.5Voltage Regulator 11

2.1.6 SWITCH INTERFACING: 12

2. 2 ATMEGA 168 13

2.3 IR SECTION 17

2.3.1 IR GENERATION 17

2.3.2 IR TRANSMITTER: 20

2.3.2.1 555 TIMER: 21

2.3.3 IR RECEIVER 24

2.3.4 IR Emitter and phototransistor: 26

2.3.5 Photo Sensors array: 27

2.4 LM 324 28
2.4.1 FEATURES: 28
2.4.2 DESCRIPTION 29

2.5 DC GEARED MOTORS 29

2.5.1 Principles of operation 30

2.6 H-BRIDGE: 34

2.6.1 Operation 35
2.6.2 H-Bridge Driver 36
2.6.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM: 37

2.6.4 PIN CONNECTIONS 37

CHAPTER-3 (38-39)

WORKING PROCEDURE

3.1 WORKING PROCEDURE 38

3.1.1 Straight direction: 39

 3.1.2 Right curve: 39

3.1.3 Left curve 39

3.2 STEPS TO FOLLOW THE LINE 39

CHAPTER-4 (40-52)

SOFTWARE TOOLS

CHAPTER- 5 (53-53)

RESULT

CHAPTER -6 (54-54)

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE