Standard Resistor Values :: Radio-Electronics.

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Standard resistor values

- standard resistor values given in the EIA E series - with explanations of the system &
tables of these common resistor values.

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The values given to resistors fall into a number of preferred or standard resistor values. These standard resistor (/news/telecoms-networks/first-profile-
values have a logarithmic sequence related to the component accuracy, enabling the standard resistor values to be 35b-bonding-cpe-released-9131)
spaced according to the tolerance on the component. These standard resistor values are also applicable for 26 GHz 5G mmW reconfigurable 256-
capacitors and other components as well as resistors. element active antenna array
(/news/antennas-propagation/26-ghz-5g-
Component values such as resistor values can never be manufactured exactly, each resistor has a tolerance
mmw-reconfigurable-256-element-9130)
associated with it. These may typically be ±20%, ±10% and ±5%. Other tolerances such as ±2% are also available.
Nokia, Deutsche Telekom & Hamburg Port
In order to ensure that standard values can be chosen from one of a variety of manufacturers, list of preferred Authority collaborate in 5G research
values or standard resistor values have been devised. By using these preferred resistor value lists, common resistor (/news/cellular-telecoms/nokia-deutsche-
values can be chosen from available components. This not only makes manufacture easier, but it enables stock telekom-hamburg-port-9129)
holdings of manufacturers to be reduced by having a preferred resistor value range. As most component values Compact step-down µModule meets PCB
need not be high precision special values, this is a particularly attractive idea. area constraints (/news/power-
management/compact-step-down-
E series of standard resistor values module-meets-pcb-area-9128)

In order to enable the common resistor values to be spaced apart according to their tolerance, a series known as . . . . More News (http://www.radio-
the E series for standard or preferred values is used. Resistors are spaced apart so that the top of the tolerance electronics.com/news.php)
band of one value and the bottom of the tolerance band of the next one do not overlap. Take for example a resistor
with a value of 1 ohm and a tolerance of ±20%. If the actual resistance of the component falls at the top of the FOCUS ON WIRELESS (/TECH-
tolerance band then it will have a value of 1.2 ohms. Take then a resistor with a value of 1.5 ohms. Again it is found ZONE/DIGIKEY/)
that the value at the bottom of its tolerance band is 1.2 ohms. By calculating a range of values in this way a series
can be built up. This is repeated for each decade. Select and Apply the Right Low-Power
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Standard Resistor Values :: Radio-Electronics.Com 06/02/2018, 01)40

The series generated in this way for standard resistor values is known as the E series and these are preferred https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2017/dec/
values. The most basic series within the E range is the E3 series which has just three values: 1, 2.2 and 4.7. This is and-apply-the-right-low-power-
seldom used as such because the associated tolerance is too wide for most of today's applications, although the microcontroller-for-the-iot)
basic values themselves may be used more widely to reduce stock holding. Develop Real-Time Microcontroller-Based
Applications Quickly Using MicroPython
The next is the E6 series with six values in each decade for a ±20% tolerance, E12 series with 12 values in each
(https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/clk/411419961;21221031
decade for a ±10%, E24 series with 24 values in each decade for a ±5% tolerance. Values for resistors in these series
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2017/sep/
are given below. Further series (E48 and E96) are available, but are not as common as the ones given below.
real-time-mcu-based-applications-
The E6 and E12 resistors are available in virtually all types of resistor. However the E24 series, being a much closer micropython)
tolerance series is only available in the higher tolerance types. Metal oxide film resistors that are in common use Wireless Modules Operating in the Sub-
today are available in the E24 series as are several other types. Carbon types are rarely available these days and in GHz Bands Offer a Simpler Route to
any case would only available in the lower tolerance ranges as their values cannot be guaranteed to such a close Market for Sensor Networks
tolerance. (https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/clk/411477151;21221031
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2017/nov/
The E series preferred or standard resistor ranges are widely used and have been adopted by standards modules-operating-in-the-sub-ghz-bands)
organisations. The EIA (Electrical Industries Association) based in North America has, for example adopted the
Selecting the Right FCC/CE Compliant
system and as such the values included are often referred to as the EIA preferred values.
Wireless Module
(https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/clk/411424308;21221031
SUMMARY OF EIA PREFERRED OR STANDARD RESISTOR SERIES https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2017/nov/
E SERIES TOLERANCE NUMBER OF VALUES IN EACH DECADE the-right-fcc-ce-compliant-wireless-
(SIG FIGS) module)
E6 20% 6
More Focus on Wireless (/tech-
E12 10% 12
zone/digikey/)
E24 5% 24
[normally also available in 2% tolerance]
E48 2% 48
FOCUS ON TEST (/TECH-
E96 1% 96
ZONE/FOCUS_ON_TEST/)
E192 0.5%, 0.25% and higher tolerances 192
Pre-5G-NR Signal Generation and Analysis
Preferred and standard values of other components (https://www.rohde-
schwarz.com/applications/pre-5g-nr-
The system for adopting standard component values works very well for resistors. It is also equally applicable for signal-generation-and-analysis-
other components. The same concept of using values in a standard list that are determined by the tolerance of the application-note_56280-493057.html?
components is equally applicable. WT.mc_id=site_com_mc_141_re_17-
18__1ma308_ros_text-link___)
Accordingly the E series preferred values are also widely used for capacitors, where some of the lower order series
Characterization of SIGFOX Devices
are used - E3, E6 as the values on many capacitors do not have a high tolerance. Electrolytic capacitors typically
(https://www.rohde-
have a very wide tolerance, although others such as many ceramic types have a much tighter tolerance and many
schwarz.com/applications/characterization-
be available in ranges conforming to the E12 or even E24 values.
of-sigfox-devices-from-lab-to-production-
Another example of components that follow the EIA E series preferred values is Zener diodes for their breakdown line-application-note_56280-
voltages. The Zener diode standard voltages typically conform to the E12 values although E24 series voltage values 502083.html?
are also available - especially 5.1 volt Zener diode for 5 volt rails. WT.mc_id=site_com_mc_143_re_17-
18__1ma294_ros_text-link___)
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A little thought on magnetics can save a

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Engineers will often simply re-use a device
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