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When heated or fused with diphenylamine, or the red complex when heated with potassium
eyanide in acid solution.
The production and sales figures for 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene from 1960 to 1964 are shown in
table 7. The average Price from 1962-1964 was 17 ¢/lb. 2,4-Dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (tech grade,
crystallizing at 46,5 °C) sold in tanks or carlots of drums for 16.25 ¢/lb and 17.25 ¢/lb, resp, in
October 1966.
2,4-Dinitro-1-chlorobenzene is more toxic tan nitrobenzene and should be handled with great care.
It is one of the most powerful skin irritants known and persons having sensitive skin should not be
allowed to work with it.
2,4-Dinitro-1-chlorobenzene is used for the manufacture of azo dyes, sulfur blacks, fungicides,
rubber chemicals, and explosives. Some typical intermediates are 2,4-dinitroaniline, 4-nitro-2-
aniside, 4-chloro-3-aniside, 4-chloro-1,3-phenylenediamine, 2,2’-4,4’-6.6’-hexanitrodiphenylamine,
and pieric acid.
3,4-Dichloro-1-nitrobenzene, O2NC6H3Cl2, mp, 43°C; b756 255-256°C; d475 1.4558; vapor density
(air=1), 6.6; is insoluble in wáter, slightly soluble in cold etanol, and readily soluble in diethyl ether,
benzene, and hot etanol. It is prepared by the chlorination of p-nitrochlorobenzene or by the
nitration of o-dichlorobenzene. The reaction mixtures of dichloronitroisomers are separated by
fractional distillation and crystallization. 3,4-Dichloro-1-nitrobenzene is an important starting
material for dyestuff intermediates, such as Fast Red R Base (2-chloro-4-aniside), 3,4-
dichloroaniline, 3,4-dichloro-6-nitroaniline, and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline.
2,5-Dichloro-1-nitrobenzene, O2NC6H3Cl2 , mp,56°C; bp,266°C; d422 1,669; vapor density (air=1), 6.6;
is insoluble in wáter, slightly soluble in cold etanol, and readily soluble in diethyl ether, benzene,
and hot etanol. It is prepared commercially by the nitration of p-dichlorobenzene but not by
chlorination. 2,5-Dichloro-1-nitrobenzene is important for the manufacture of dyestuff
intermediates, such as Fast Red 3 GL Base (4-chloro-2-nitroaniline), Fast Scarlet GG Base /2,5-
dichloroaniline), Fast Red FR Base(4,4’-dichloro-2-amidophenyl ether), 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol, and
4-chloro-2-nitroanisol. In 1960 the anual sales of 2,5-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene was 9000 lb at an
average price of 56 ¢/lb. The anual production is shown below.
1963 396,000
Nitrotoluenes
The mononitrotoluenes are important starting materials for the synthesis of toluidines and other
dyestuff intermediates. Polynitrotoluenes are extensively used in explosives; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene,
TNT, being the best known of these compounds. See Explosives.
Manufacture of mononitrotoluenes
The nitration of toluene either by nitric acido r by mixed acids gives a mixture of the three posible
mononitrotoluenes, O2NC6H4CH3, in proportions which vary somewhat with the reaction conditions.
The presence of the methyl group on the ring facilitates the nitration and makes sensitive to
temperatura and nitric acid
ESPAÑOL
Cuando se calienta o se fusiona con difenilamina, o el complejo rojo cuando se calienta con eyanuro
de potasio en una solución ácida.
2,5-Dicloro-1-nitrobenceno, O2NC6H3Cl2, pf, 56 ° C; pf, 266 ° C; d422 1,669; densidad de vapor (aire
= 1), 6.6; es insoluble en agua, ligeramente soluble en etanol frío y fácilmente soluble en éter
dietílico, benceno y etanol caliente. Se prepara comercialmente por nitración de p-diclorobenceno,
pero no por cloración. 2,5-Dicloro-1-nitrobenceno es importante para la fabricación de intermedios
de colorantes, como Fast Red 3 GL Base (4-chloro-2-nitroaniline), Fast Scarlet GG Base / 2,5-
dicloroanilina), Fast Red FR Base (4,4'-dicloro-2-amidofenil éter), 4-cloro-2-nitrofenol y 4-cloro-2-
nitroanisol. En 1960, las ventas anuales de 2,5-dicloro-1-nitrobenceno eran de 9000 lb a un precio
promedio de 56 ¢ / lb. La producción anual se muestra a continuación.
1963 396,000
Nitrotoluenos
Los mononitrotoluenos son materiales de partida importantes para la síntesis de toluidinas y otros
intermedios de colorantes. Los polinitrotoluenos se usan ampliamente en explosivos; 2,4,6-
trinitrotolueno, TNT, siendo el más conocido de estos compuestos. Ver explosivos.
Fabricación de mononitrotoluenos
La nitración de tolueno por acido nítrico mediante ácidos mixtos da una mezcla de los tres posibles
mononitrotoluenos, O2NC6H4CH3, en proporciones que varían un poco con las condiciones de
reacción. La presencia del grupo metilo en el anillo facilita la nitración y hace sensibles a la
temperatura y al ácido nítrico