Name: Cesar Emmanuel Toh Abigania

Course: BSMT

Requirement in Socio-Anthropology w/ Family Planning

Section: D_2-1
Schedule: MW 10-11:30 AM

MATERIAL EVIDENCES IN ARCHEOLOGY

 Artifacts- an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical

interest.
 Relic- a part of a deceased holy person's body or belongings kept as an object of
reverence.

1. The Shroud of Turin is the best-known relic

of Jesus and one of the most studied artifacts
in human history. It is a length of linen cloth
bearing the image of a man who is alleged to
be Jesus of Nazareth. The cloth itself is
believed by some to be the burial shroud he
was wrapped in when he was buried after
crucifixion

2. The Manunggul jar was only one of several stunning

artifacts discovered in Manunggul cave in Lipuun Point, Palawan.
Measuring 66.5 x 51.5 cm, the Manunggul jar is actually a burial
jar used to store bones of someone who was previously buried.
The lid features a “spirit boat” or “ship of the dead” carrying two
souls on a journey to the afterlife.
 Ecofacts or Biofacts- are organic materials found at an archaeological site that carries
archaeological significance. Biofacts are natural objects found alongside artifacts or
features, such as animal bones, charcoal, plants, and pollen.

1. BLUE BABE: North Americas first frozen

mummified remains of an ice age steppe bison, the
36,000 year-old mummy named "Blue Babe." The
discovery of Blue Babe's mummy has vaulted our
knowledge of the ice-age steppe bison to a completely
new level, serving as a shiny blue window into the
prehistoric past. The display of the mummy is not the
actual full-fledged find – Blue's tanned and treated
skin has been removed from the carcass and placed on
a plaster replica.

2. Ginkgoites huttonii, Middle Jurassic,

Yorkshire, UK. Leaves preserved as
compressions. Specimen in Munich
Palaeontological Museum, Germany.
Ginkgoites is a genus that refers to
extinct plants belonging to
Ginkgoaceae. Fossils of these plants
have been found around the globe
during the Triassic, Jurassic and
Cretaceous.
  Features- are different from artifacts, because unlike items such as spear points or
potsherds, features cannot be transported or moved. Some examples of features would be
Puebloan kivas, hearths, or post molds – places where house posts once stood. Features
are still clearly modified by humans, but their ability to be transported for analysis is the
key difference. Features often contain artifacts, ranging from ceremonial objects, spear
points, ancient household objects, and many more.

1. Winged Lions Temple

is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. Petra lies
on the slope of Jabal Al-Madbah in a basin among the mountains
which form the eastern flank of Arabah valley that run from the
Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. It was established possibly as early
as the 4th century BC as the capital city of the Nabataean Kingdom.
The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who invested in Petra's
proximity to the trade routes by establishing it as a major regional
trading hub.

2. The Lion Gate, Ancient Mycenae, Greece

Mycenae (Μυκήνες) is one of the most important

archaeological sites of Greece. The fortified citadel
is nested over the fertile plain of Argolis near the
seashore in the northeast Peloponnese.

The Lion Gate guards and provides the main

access to the citadel. The two lions arranged
symmetrically around a column is the first example
of representational monumental sculpture in the
European continent. While its significance has been
lost to the depths of history, its placement above the
main gate of the most powerful citadel of late Bronze Age has led to speculation that it
symbolized something important like a family crest of a coat of arms. (Reference: http://ancient-
greece.org/archaeology/mycenae.html)