Edited LTE Tutorial Part 1 LTE Basics

Marius Pesavento - marius.pesavento@mimoOn.
de
Willem Mulder - willem.mulder@mimoOn.de
LTE Tutorial part 1
LTE Basics
Marius Pesavento, Willem Mulder, Femto Forum Plenary, June 2010, Reading, UK © mimoOn 1
Agenda
 Part 1, LTE Basics 9:30 – 10:30
 Introduction to LTE
 FDD/TDD frame structures and reference signals
 Physical channels, logical channels
 PHY signal processing architecture
 H-ARQ processing, H-ARQ timing
 UE categories
 Part 2, Advanced topics in LTE 11:00 – 12:30
 The LTE MIMO modes
 Codebook-based precoding
 Closed loop operation
 CQI reporting modes
 Using antenna port 5 (SDMA) techniques
 Simulation results
 Outlook LTE Advanced
 Q&A 12:30 – 13:00
3G Evolution
SPRING
2011
 HSPA evolution
 Gradually improved performance at low additional cost in 5MHz spectrum
allocation
 Next step: dual carrier allocation (10MHz)
 LTE
 LTE is new Radio Access Network (RAN)
 significantly improved performance in up to 20MHz allocation
 Peak data rates up to 300Mbps
 LTE-Advanced
 natural evolution of LTE, next major step
 toward IMT-Advanced
 support spectrum aggregation up to 100MHz and data rate up to 1Gbps
LTE Targets
 Cell-capacity (Control plane): 200 user per cell in 5MHz

 Peak data rate
 DL: 300MBit/s
 UL: 75 MBit/s
 Control plane latency: 50/100ms (idle to active)
 User Plane Latency: <5ms (unload condition)
 Interworking with UMTS, WCDMA, GSM/EDGE
 Access technology:
 OFDMA in DL
 SC-FDMA in UL (reduced PAPR)
 Basis antenna configuration:
 eNB: Tx 1 to 4; Rx ≥ 1
 UE: Tx = 1; Rx ≥ 2 (depending on UE category )
E-UTRA frequency bands
E-UTRA Uplink (UL) Downlink (DL) UL-DL Band Duplex
Band eNode B receive eNode B transmit separation Mode
UE transmit UE receive
FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high FDL_low-FUL_high
UMTS band 1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz 130 MHz FDD
2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz 20 MHz FDD
5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894MHz 20 MHz FDD
extension band 7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz 50 MHz FDD
9 1749.9MHz – 1784.9 MHz 1844.9MHz – 1879.9 MHz 60 MHz FDD
11 1427.9MH – 1452.9 MHz 1475.9MHz – 1500.9 MHz 23 MHz FDD

z
12 [TBD] – [TBD] [TBD] – [TBD] [TBD] FDD
13 777 MHz – 787 MHz 746 MHz – 756 MHz 21 FDD
14 788 MHz – 798 MHz 758 MHz – 768 MHz 20 FDD
...
33 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz N/A TDD
39 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz N/A TDD
40 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz N/A TDD
Basic Transmission Schemes
Transmission
1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
Bandwidth
Sampling 15.36 23.04

1.92 MHz 3.84 MHz 7.68 MHz 30.72 MHz
Frequency MHz MHz
FFT Size 128 256 512 1024 1536 2048
#RBs 100
6 15 25 50 75
(12 subcarrier) (110)
Frame Structure Type 1
Frame Structure Type 1

one radio frame, Tf = 307200*TS = 10 ms
one slot, Tslot = 15360*TS = 0.5 ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19
one subframe TS basic time unit corresponding

Transmission Time Interval to sampling frequency 30.72MHz
(TTI)= 1ms
frame structure type 1 is applicable to FDD (frequency division
duplex), full-duplex and half-duplex
Slot Structure
normal cyclic prefix

160*TS 144*TS 144*TS 144*TS 144*TS 144*TS 144*TS
2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS
#0 #6
slot
normal cyclic prefix #1 normal cyclic prefix #2
extended cyclic prefix, ∆f = 15 KHz

512*TS 512*TS 512*TS 512*TS 512*TS 512*TS
2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS
#0 #5
slot
extended cyclic prefix
Frame Structure Type 2: TDD
Special guard Special guard Uplink or

Downlink Uplink subframe for subframe or Downlink
subframe subframe DL to UL switch Downlink SF subframe
DL S UL UL/DL UL/DL DL S/DL UL/DL UL/DL UL/DL

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
subframe special subframe:

1 ms DwPTS: DL pilot time slot
DL to UL switching shortend DL subframe
(3,8,9,10,11, or 12 OFDM symbols)
S reference signals, primary sync and control, PDSCH
#1 or #6
GP: Guard period
(1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 OFDM symbols)
DwPTS UpPTS: UL pilot time slot

RS and
Control
SSS
PSS
GP UpPTS (1 or 2 OFDM symbols)

sounding reference or RACH
0 1 2
Frame Structure Type 2: TDD
Tx
DwPTS
UpPTS
UL Tx UL Tx
GP
DL
#2 #3
UL/DL switching
must be accomplished
path
delay
within the CP length
Rx (e.g. if path delay is zero)
DwPTS
UpPTS
UL Rx UL Rx
GP
DL
#2 #3
DwPTS
UpPTS
DL Tx DL Tx DL Tx DL Tx
GP
#0 #4 #5 #6
Tx
path
delay
Rx
DwPTS
UpPTS
DL Rx DL Rx DL Rx
GP
DL
#4 #5 #6
DwPTS, GP, UpPTS length
(in OFDM symbols)
Normal CP Extended CP
Format
DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS
8
0 3 10 3 666.7µs
 200Km
1 9 4 8 3 1
1
2 10 3 9 2
3 11 2 10 1
4 12 1 3 7
5 3 9 8 2 2
6 9 3 9 1
2
7 10 2 - - -
8 11 1 - - -
Resource Blocks
resource block
N RB − 1
DL
7 OFDM symbols
DC all subframes
frame structure 1
normal cyclic prefix 12 subcarriers
∆f = 15 KHz
resource block 0
Physical Channels
Downlink (DL)
 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
 System Information (Master Information Block
MIB) approx. every 40 ms
 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
 DL Control Information Format (DCI-format), DL-
grants (current TTI), UL-grants (+4 TTI), uplink
power control
 Physical DL Shared Channel (PDSCH)
 DL transport blocks (TBs), DL Control Information,
System Information Block (SIB), Paging Channel
(PCH), Multicast Channel (MCH)
 Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
 location of the PDCCH
 Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
 UL ACK/NACK
 Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
Physical Channels
Uplink (UL)
 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
 UL timing estimation (path delay), UL
scheduling request (SR)
 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
 Channel Quality Indicater (CQI),
Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Rank
Indicator (RI), ACK/NACK, SR
 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
 UL TBs, ACK/NACK, CQI, PMI, RI, SR
PHY Signals
Downlink
 Primary and Secondary Synchronization Signal
 cell-search, DL-frame synchronization, time, frequency, drift,
 Cell-specific reference signals (antenna port 0 - 3),
orthogonal (non-overlapping) in time-frequency-domain
 MIMO channel estimation, fine frequency estimation, UL-CQI
estimation
 UE-specific reference signals
 implicit signaling of DL-transmit beamforming weights
Uplink
 Demodulaton Reference Signal
 Sounding Reference Signal
 UL wideband CQI estimation
 Random-Access Sequence
 for UL timing synchronization
Cell-Specific Reference Signals
Tx
Port 0
Tx
Port 0 Port 1
two antenna ports

(frame structure 1,
one antenna port normal cyclic prefix)
(frame structure 1,
normal cyclic prefix) reference signal 0
reference signal 1
reference signal 0
not used for transmission
on this antenna port
carrier frequency: 2.6GHz
LTE requirement pilot spacing in frequency
max speed: 350km/h coherence bandwidth B ≥ 6x15KHz
max Doppler frequency: 843Hz B ¼ 1 / (2 π τ)
Clarke's model ⇒delay spead τ :
coherence time: T > 9/(16π fm) τ ¼ 1 / (2 π B) =1.77µsec
slot approx. 3 OFDM symbols slot slot (¼ 54 smpls; corresp. to 531 meter )
Cell-Specific Reference Signals
Tx
Port 0
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
four antenna ports

(frame structure 1,
normal cyclic prefix)
reference signal 0
reference signal 1
reference signal 2
reference signal 3
not used for transmission

slot slot even slot odd slot even slot odd slot on this antenna port
DL time-frequency structure
•DL payload on DL Shared Channel

•Primary synchronization signal
•Secondary synchronization signal
•Broadcast Channel
•DL Control Channel
•Reference signal
20MHz 30.72MHz
guard band
UL time-frequency structure
demodulation
reference
signal (DRS)
frequency
sounding
reference
signal (SRS)
PUSCH
PUCCH
time / OFDM symbol number
PDSCH Tx
Channel Coding
Concatenation
Scrambling
Modulation
MAC HARQ Support
mentation
CB Seg-
CB CRC
TB CRC
PDU & Rate Matching
Turbo
CB
•HARQ hard buffer for S1,
P1, P2
• Subblock interleaver
•Rate Matcher, RVs
number of
Transport Blocks (TBs)
Layer
Mapping
P/S Sync
number of Signals CP Pulse to
number of
antennas
IFFT
streams Adding Shape DACs
Ref Frame
MIMO Signal Builder
Precoding
PDSCH Rx
Layer
antenna ports Demapper
MIMO Detector
Rotator CP frame/RB
From Freq. Off. FFT
Removal demapper
ADCs smple drift
Measure- Channel Rotator

ments Estimation Samp.D. other CWs
Down- Fine
P/S-Sync
sampling Frequency
Processing
filter estimation
CB sementation:
CB Concate-
transition from
HARQ Support & Rate
Descrambling
OFDM wise to
Demodulator
processing
Decoder
CB CRC
MAC
TB CRC
Matching:
CB-wise
nation
Turbo
8 bit
•HARQ soft buffer for S1, P1,
Soft
PDU
P2,
•Subblock interleaver
•Soft-Combiner 8 bit, RVs
PUSCH Tx
CQI and/or PMI report
CQI <= 11 bit Length 32 32bit
block code
ACK RI
Channel
CB CRC
CQI and/or
Coding
control
Conv.
PMI report TS36.212Figure
Rate Matching
CQI > 11 bit 5.2.2-1
Data & Control
Scrambling
Modulation
Interleaving
Channel
Mux
Turbo Coding
Concatenation
MAC HARQ Support
mentation
Channel
CB Seg-
CB CRC
TB CRC
PDU & Rate Matching
CB
•HARQ hard buffer for S1,
P1, P2
• Subblock interleaver
•Rate Matcher, RVs
Demod. number of Transport Blocks (TBs)

Ref.
of different users
Signal
Transform RB Rotator Rotator

CP Pulse
Precoding Resource Samp. IFFT Adding
Freq.
Shape DAC
Mixed-Radix DFT Mapper Drift Cor.
to reduce PAPR Sound.

Ref.
Signal
PUSCH Rx
Frame
timing
From CP frame/RB
FFT
ADCs Removal Demapper
Multi-
Antenna
Measure- Receiver
ments Demod. Ref.
Channel Estimation
Tranform
Sounding Ref.
(De)Precoding
Processing
(mixed-Radix
DFT)
Rate DeMatching:
CB CRC Viterbi •Subblock interleaver
ACK RI
Block decoder
control
(32,11)
TS36.212Figure
5.2.2-1
OFDM- to CB-wise
CB Segmentation:
CB Concate-
HARQ Support & Rate
Descrambling
Transition from
Data & Control
demodulator
deinterleaver
Decoder
CB CRC
TB CRC
processing
Matching:
nation
Channel
Turbo
Demux
8.bit
•HARQ soft buffer for S1, P1,
Soft
MAC P2,
PDU •Subblock interleaver
Downlink Control Indicator Format
(DCI format)
 DCI format 0 is used for the transmission of UL-SCH assignments
 DCI format 1 is used for the transmission of DL-SCH assignments
for single antenna operation
 DCI format 1A is used for a compact transmission of DL-SCH
assignments for single antenna operation
 DCI format 1B is used to support closed-loop single-rank
transmission with possibly contiguous resource allocation
 DCI format 1C is for downlink transmission of paging, RACH
response and dynamic BCCH scheduling
 DCI format 2 is used for the transmission of DL-SCH assignments
for MIMO operation
 DCI format 3 is used for the transmission of TPC commands for
PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments
 DCI format 3A is used for the transmission of TPC commands for
PUCCH and PUSCH with single bit power adjustments
PDCCH processing chain
other DCIs
CRC scrambling PDCCH
DCI CRC
with RNTI /
tail bit
interleaver, multiplexing <NIL>element
generation convolutional
(UE Tx port) rate-matching insertion
L=16 encoder, rate 1/3
specific
User specific other DL
antenna
search space channels
ports 0,...,3
(aggregation level) layer mapping,
1-CCE (2x6attempts) sub-block interleaver pre-coding:
2-CCE (2x6attempts) Resource Mapper, single antenna
(on quadruples of modulated QPSK cell-specific
(mapping to RE groups) port or transmit
4-CCE (2x2attempts), time first – then frequency symbols), remove <NULL> modulation scrambling
elements diversity
8-CCE (2x2attempts)
Cell specific
search space
(aggregation level) FFT and equalizer,
4-CCE (2x4attempts) Resource demapper sub-block
IFFT and MIMO CP removal, MIMO detector,
8-CCE (2x2attempts) frequency and
(1-3 OFDM symbols, de-inter-
CP attachment channel (requires channel
timing correction according to CFI) leaver
estimation)
DCI
code bit extraction 44 blind decoding
CRC calculation rate- cell specific
Viterbi attempts (common- soft-
dematching, and UE-specific-
de-
decoder demodulator
CRC extraction deinterleaving search-space), scrambling
44 PDCCH
candidates
XOR RNTI
skip some decodes if RNTI is found
RNTI: radio network temporary identifier
PUCCH processing chain Tx
all formats (2)
resource index nPUCCH
(2) determines cyclic shift α include demodulation
N RB cell reference signals for
Pseudo-Random ncs (ns , l )
format 2 (see below)
N cs(1) sequence generator
cinit = N ID
cell
never simultaneously with PUSCH modulation:

d(0),…d(19)
CQI, PMI, on QPSK spreading
12 symbols
RI report (2) Block code for (BPSK) with
to map on CQI resource
<= 4bit Length 20 mapping UE specific 36.211, 7.1 “d” sequence
20bit concatenation: to outer cell specific d(20), d(21)
•only CQI (2: 20 bit) RBs ru(,αv ) (n) Resourcem
ACK/NACK (1a,1b) •CQI + ACK/NACK according to
1 or 2 bit scrambling 36.211, Table apper
(2a: 21 bit, 2b: 22bit) PUCCH
N seq = 12 “z” (k,l,slot#)
5.4.2-1
to map on ACK/NACK resource
ACK/NACK w/o CQI or SR, IFFT
1a: d(0)= 1,-1
1b: d(0)= 1,j,-1,-j CP attach
12 symbols
spreading
for spreading
to map on SR resource with
mapping with
•w/o ACK/NACK (1);d(0)=1 orthogonal
to in sequence
sequence
•w ACK/NACK RBs ru(,αv ) (n) wnoc (i )
Scheduling d(0) = 1,-1
request (SR) d(0) = 1,j,-1,-j
(presence/absence)
PUCCH
N seq = 12 PUCCH
N SF =4
include demodulation
(1)
reference signals for
resource index nPUCCH format 1 (see below)
determines cyclic shift
and orthogonal sequence
PUCCH processing Rx
format 2, 2a, 2b
(2)
determines cyclic shift α
format 2,2a,2b
QPSK
(CQI,PMI,RI)
multiplication separate user m
hard demodulator
matched
IDFT length 12
with users
filtering UE specific
conjugate of according
with cell specific
to cyclic
ru(,αv ) (n) tap M
shift in
coef. descrambling
PUCCH
N seq = 12 time-
vector
domain
CP Resource format 1,1a,1b

removal de-mapper user m
ACK/NCK w or w/o SR segmentation
FFT (2048) (k,l,slot#) (see next page)
SR
•w/o ACK/NACK (1);d(0)=1
•w ACK/NACK
multiplication channel estimation d(0) = 1,-1
with IDFT length 12 d(0) = 1,j,-1,-j
conjugate of separate users according
ru(,αv ) (n) to cyclic shift in time-
domain
= 12 Block
PUCCH
N seq ACK/NACK
decoding
tap M(<12) channel (1a,1b)
coefficient vector (bit-level
matched
M depends on number filter)
(2)
of shifts in use
determines cyclic shift α CQI, PMI,
RI report (2)
PUCCH processing Rx
format 1 (2)
(SR and ACK/NACK)

format 1,1a,1b
separate usere according to

orthogonal sequence
hard demodulator
matched
IDFT length 12
with users
despreading
with cell specific
to cyclic
ru(,αv ) (n) tap M
shift in
coef. descrambling
PUCCH
N seq = 12 time-
vector
domain
CP
Resource user m
de-mapper format 2,2a,2b
removal (k,l,slot#) (CQI,PMI,RI)
FFT (2048)
on SR channel
separate users according to orthogonal

resource estimation 1
SR ACK/NACK
cover sequence (despreading)

multiplication
IDFT length 12
with separate users

according to
channel estimation2
conjugate of
cyclic shift in
ru(,αv ) (n) time-domain
PUCCH
N seq = 12 tap M(<12)
channel
coefficient vector
M depends on
resource (2)
index nPUCCH number of
shifts in use
PUCCH processing Rx
format 1a, 1b
(SR and ACK/NACK)

(2)
format 1,1a,1b
separate usere according to

orthogonal sequence
hard demodulator
matched
IDFT length 12
with users
despreading
with cell specific
to cyclic
ru(,αv ) (n) tap M
shift in
coef. descrambling
PUCCH
N seq = 12 time-
vector
domain
Resource
CP de-mapper
(k,l,slot#) format 2,2a,2b
removal
(CQI,PMI,RI) user m
FFT (2048)
on channel
separate users according to orthogonal

ACK/NACK estimation 1
resource
ACK/NACK
cover sequence (despreading)

multiplication
IDFT length 12
with separate users

according to
channel estimation2
conjugate of
cyclic shift in
ru(,αv ) (n) time-domain
PUCCH
N seq = 12 tap M(<12)
channel
coefficient vector
M depends on
resource (2)
index nPUCCH number of
shifts in use
Demodulation reference signals
for PUCCH format 2
(2)
(2) resource index nPUCCH
N RB cell
ncs (ns , l )
Pseudo-Random determines cyclic shift α
N cs(1) sequence generator
cinit = N ID
cell
modulation:
d(0),…d(19)
spreading
12 symbols
for on QPSK
with
mapping UE specific 36.211, 7.1
sequence
to outer cell specific d(20), d(21)
RBs according to ru(,αv ) (n) Resourcem
input sequence for format 1 36.211, Table apper
scrambling
5.4.2-1 PUCCH
N seq = 12 (k,l,slot#)
IFFT
for CP attach
12 symbols
mapping spreading
spreading
to in with
with
RBs sequence
orthogonal
input sequence for format 2 ru(,αv ) (n)
sequence
wnoc (i )
PUCCH
N seq = 12 PUCCH
N SF =4
(1)
determines cyclic shift
and orthogonal sequence
PHICH
(DL HARQ)
Selection depends on the
index of the first RB of
the corresponding PUSCH
transmission
Location depends on the
3 symbols 12 symbols index of the first RB of
3bit the corresponding PUSCH
12 symbols
symbol level transmission
ACK/NACK 3x BPSK Spreading,
1 bit repetition (I or Q) length 4
orthogonal
sequence resource mapper,
super-position layer mapper PHICH group is
of different scrambling SISO or MIMO TD mapped to 3 groups
Max. 8 different ACK/NACKS of 4 REs
sequences
other FFT / CP
ACK/NACK insertion
1 bit
MIMO
channel
ACK/NACK
1 bit
matched filter resource CP
other length(12) descrambling MIMO detector
demapper removal/IFFT
ACK/NACK
1 bit
PBCH
MIB
CRC attach antenna PBCH carries important PHY information:

CRC mask config system bandwidth, number of transmit antennas,
PHICH configuration and system frame number,…
tail bit
interleaver, cell specific QPSK
convolutional scrambling
rate-matching scrambling modulation
encoder, rate 1/3
layer mapping for

MIMO IFFT resource precoding
single antenna or
channel CP inclusion mapping SFD
transmit diversity
frame no
channel estimates
0,1,2,3
soft
CP removel Equalization rate matching
demodulator Viterbi decoder
FFT (SISO, MISO, or TD) buffer
(QPSK)
MIB
After successful reception of code bit

PBCH, UE can read D-BCH in extraction, CRC
masked computation
PDSCH (including PCFICH and antenna XOR CRC
PDCCH) which carries system config
information not including in PBCH CRC extaction
mask
PRACH
RACH sequence extends over several slots
Zadoff-Chu sequence (L=839),
selectec from set of 64 sequences), Zero IDFT of Upsampling Rotator, CP inclusion
different root-sequences or different padding length by 24, frequency (3168, 21024,
cyclic shifts, Create in 839 sequence in
frequency domain
to 1024 1024 LP filtering shift 6240)
UL Tx signal in time domain: add to OFDM

possible cell specific frame in time
PUSCH, PUCCH,DRS,SRS,
root-sequences,(conjugate)
including CP domain
phase rotation,
decimation LP filter
Multiplication DFT 1024 (mixing,frequency Channel
1/24 1/24
shift to DC)
correlation (convolution) in time domain

replaced by multiplication in frequency domain
IDFT 1024
Peak dection, RACH sequence, associated timing-advance
(results in
path delay
change of
estimation
sampling rate)
RACH sequence, associated timing-advance
PCFICH
DL Control Format
power control cell ID
2 bits scambling
resource
precoding mapper
block code cell and modulator layer power FFT / CP
SISO or (4 blocks of
L=16 subframe QPSK mapping boosting insertion
Tx diversity 4REs = 1RE
dependent
group)
MIMO
channel
number of
CP
OFDM symbols block MIMO resource
reserve for control descrambling demodulator
detection demap
removalII
detection
1,2,3 FFT
Rate matching and HARQ processing
write-in row-wise sub-block

interleaver
systematic
parity 1
RV1
parity 2
S1
RV0
column permutation
read-out column-wise S1
P1 RV2
P2
MUX
P1/P2
RV3
HARQ timing
UE Categories
 synchronous HARQ in UL, ACK/NACK in 4 TTI after UL reception,
re-transmission (UL) in 8 TTI after initial transmission, total of 8 HARQ processes
 asynchronous HARQ in DL, ACK/NACK in 4 TTI after DL reception, retransmission
with DL scheduling grant, total number of 8 HARQ processes
Downlink physical layer parameter values set by UE Category

Maximum number of DL-SCH Maximum number of bits Total number Maximum number of
UE Category transport block bits received of a DL-SCH transport of soft supported layers for
within a TTI block received within a TTI channel bits spatial multiplexing in DL
Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1

Category 2 51024 51024 1237248 2
Category 3 102048 75376 1237248 2
Category 4 150752 75376 1827072 2
Category 5 302752 151376 3667200 4
Uplink physical layer parameter values set by UE Category
UE Maximum number of bits of an UL-SCH Support for 64QAM in UL
Category transport block transmitted within a TTI
Category 1 5160 No
Category 2 25456 No
Category 3 51024 No
≈ 8HARQ buffer
Category 4 51024 No x(3(S1,P1,P2)x10296+
12(termination))
Category 5 75376 Yes
UE Categories
TDD:
DL grants and ACK/NACK reporting
 FDD: only one DL (and one UL) grant per TTI.

Corresponding DL TBs need to be ACK/NACK 4 TTIs
after reception (1 or 2 bits).
 TDD: ACK/NACK required for detected PDSCH and for

DL SPS release on PDCCH.
 TDD: usually one DL grant (but up to 2 DL grants, in

special case of UL-DL config. 0) can be received
within one TTI.
TDD ACK/NACK
Recall: Frame Structure Type 2: TDD
Special guard Special guard Uplink or
Downlink Uplink subframe for subframe or Downlink
subframe subframe DL to UL switch Downlink SF subframe
DL S UL UL/DL UL/DL DL S/DL UL/DL UL/DL UL/DL

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
subframe special subframe:

1 ms DwPTS: DL pilot time slot
DL to UL switching shortend DL subframe
(3,8,9,10,11, or 12 OFDM symbols)
S reference signals, primary sync and control, PDSCH
#1 or #6
GP: Guard period
(1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 OFDM symbols)
DwPTS UpPTS: UL pilot time slot

RS and
Control
SSS
PSS
GP UpPTS (1 or 2 OFDM symbols)

sounding reference or RACH
0 1 2
TDD: UE ACK/NACK procedure
(PUSCH transmission and PHICH reception)
UE Rx Perspective UE Tx Perspective
•ACK/NACK received on PHICH •for UL transmission in subframe i,
in subframe i •ACK/NACK received on PHICH in subframe
•for UL transmission in subframe i - k, i + k, where the values for k are given in
where the values for k are given in the table.
the table.
k for TDD configurartion 0-6 k for TDD configurartion 0-6
TDD UL/DL subframe number i TDD UL/DL subframe number i
Configuration Configuration
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 6,7 4 6,7 4 0 4 7 6 4 7 6
1 4 6 4 6 1 4 6 4 6
2 6 6 2 6 6
3 6 6 6 3 6 6 6
4 6 6 4 6 6
5 6 5 6
6 6 4 7 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 7
DL control issues in TDD DL HARQ
UE Rx Perspective UE Tx Perspective
•reception of PDSCH in subframe n •ACK/NACK on PUSCH or PUCCH in subframe n
•ACK/NACK on PUSCH or PUCCH in •for reception of PDSCH insubframe n - k
subframe n + k
k for TDD configurartion 0-6 k for TDD configurartion 0-6

TDD DL subframe number n TDD DL subframe number n
UL/DL UL/DL
Config. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Config.
0 4 6 4 6 0 6 4 6 4
1 7 6 4 7 6 4 1 7,6 4 7,6 4
2 7 6 4 8 7 6 4 8 2 8,7,4,6 8,7,4,6
3 4 11 7 6 6 5 5 3 7,6,11 6,5 5,4
4 12 11 8 7 7 6 5 4 4 12,8,7,11 6,5,4,7
5 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 13 5 13,12,9,8,7,5,4,11
6 7 7 7 7 5 6 7 7 5 7 7
Multiple ACK/NACK in one subframe:

Requieres ACK/NACK bundling (logical AND of codewords) or ACK/NACK multiplexing.
TDD: Downlink Assignment Index DAI
to prevent ACK/NACK errors due to bundling
k‘ for TDD configurartion 0-6 and DAI in DCI format 0 (UL assignments)
TDD DL subframe number n
UL/DL
Config. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 DAI 6 4 DAI 6 4
•DAI indicates the number of subframes with
1 DAI 6 4 DAI DAI 6 4 DAI
PDSCH receptions and SPS releases detected
2 4 DAI 4 DAI
within n-k and n (k 2 K) that need to be bundeled in
3 DAI 4 4 4 DAI DAI
the UL ACK/NACK signaling.
4 4 4 DAI DAI
•DAI is used only for TDD
5 4 DAI
6 DAI DAI 7 7 5 DAI DAI 7 7 DAI
k for TDD configurartion 0-6 and DAI in DCI formats 1/1A/1B/1D/2/2A (DL)
TDD DL subframe number n
UL/DL
Config. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 DAI DAI 6 4 DAI DAI 6 4 DAI Number of subframes

MSB, UL DL with PDSCH
1 DAI 7,6 4 DAI DAI 7,6 4 DAI VDAI or V DAI
LSB transmission
2 8,7,4,6 DAI 8,7,4,6 DAI
0,0 1 1 or 5 or 9
3 DAI 7,6,11 6,5 5,4 DAI DAI
0,1 2 2 or 6
4 12,8,7,11 6,5,4,7 DAI DAI
5 13,12,9,8,7,5,4,11 DAI 1,0 3 3 or 7

6 DAI DAI 7 7 5 DAI DAI 7 7 DAI 1,1 4 0 or 4 or 8
End of Part 1
Thank you!!!
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Edited LTE Tutorial Part 1 LTE Basics

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Marius Pesavento - marius.pesavento@mimoOn.

 Cell-capacity (Control plane): 200 user per cell in 5MHz

5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894MHz 20 MHz FDD

9 1749.9MHz – 1784.9 MHz 1844.9MHz – 1879.9 MHz 60 MHz FDD

11 1427.9MH – 1452.9 MHz 1475.9MHz – 1500.9 MHz 23 MHz FDD

13 777 MHz – 787 MHz 746 MHz – 756 MHz 21 FDD

14 788 MHz – 798 MHz 758 MHz – 768 MHz 20 FDD

Sampling 15.36 23.04

FFT Size 128 256 512 1024 1536 2048

Frame Structure Type 1

one slot, Tslot = 15360*TS = 0.5 ms

one subframe TS basic time unit corresponding

normal cyclic prefix

extended cyclic prefix, ∆f = 15 KHz

Special guard Special guard Uplink or

one radio frame, Tf = 307200*TS = 10 ms

DL S UL UL/DL UL/DL DL S/DL UL/DL UL/DL UL/DL

subframe special subframe:

DwPTS UpPTS: UL pilot time slot

GP UpPTS (1 or 2 OFDM symbols)

two antenna ports

four antenna ports

not used for transmission

•DL payload on DL Shared Channel

time / OFDM symbol number

PDU & Rate Matching

Measure- Channel Rotator

Data & Control

PDU & Rate Matching

Demod. number of Transport Blocks (TBs)

Transform RB Rotator Rotator

to reduce PAPR Sound.

HARQ Support & Rate

Data & Control

never simultaneously with PUSCH modulation:

CP Resource format 1,1a,1b

(SR and ACK/NACK)

separate usere according to

separate users according to orthogonal

cover sequence (despreading)

with separate users

(SR and ACK/NACK)

separate usere according to

separate users according to orthogonal

cover sequence (despreading)

with separate users

CRC attach antenna PBCH carries important PHY information:

layer mapping for

After successful reception of code bit

UL Tx signal in time domain: add to OFDM

correlation (convolution) in time domain

write-in row-wise sub-block

Downlink physical layer parameter values set by UE Category

Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1

 FDD: only one DL (and one UL) grant per TTI.

 TDD: ACK/NACK required for detected PDSCH and for

 TDD: usually one DL grant (but up to 2 DL grants, in

one radio frame, Tf = 307200*TS = 10 ms

DL S UL UL/DL UL/DL DL S/DL UL/DL UL/DL UL/DL

subframe special subframe:

DwPTS UpPTS: UL pilot time slot

GP UpPTS (1 or 2 OFDM symbols)

k for TDD configurartion 0-6 k for TDD configurartion 0-6

Multiple ACK/NACK in one subframe: