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Articulation
Pharynx - sounds travels through the nasal, throat and mouth cavities known as
the pharynx
Laryngopharynx and oropharynx add resonance to the sounds from the larynx.
Nasopharynx adds resonance to nasal sound s(m, n, ng). Nasal cavity normally is
closed.
Movement of the tongue, lips, and the larynx will change the shape of the vocal
tract and in turn modify the sound emanating from the larynx. During consonant
production, the tongue is sometimes used to momentarily occlude the vocal
tract for the production of stop sounds like /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/. Production of
sounds like /s/ and /sh/ require the tongue to form a constriction in the vocal
tract that will produce noise when air is passed through the constriction.
o Soft Palate
Velum - known as soft palate, flexible muscular structure that hangs from hard
palate
o Jaw
o Teeth
4 incisors
2 canine
4 molars
4 incisors
2 canine
4 premolars
6 molars
o Tongue
Biological function is to sense taste and to move food around in oral cavity for
chewing and swallowing
Anatomy
Major Articulator
Anatomy
Articulators
At birth, the newborn has 45 separate skull bones which ultimately fuse into 22
bones by adulthood.
When fused together as in adulthood, the cranium appears as one solid bone.
The bones of the lower portion of the face grow at a much slower rate than the
bones of the skull.
These lower facial bones do not reach their maximum adult size until about 18
years of age.
Because of the different growth patterns between the skull bones and the facial
bones, the face is allowed to grow downward and forward relative to the
cranium.
o The tongue of the newborn is large enough to occupy most of the oral cavity.
As the infant grows during the first several years, the posterior portion of the
tongue descends into the pharyngeal cavity and the tongue reaches its mature
size at about 16 years of age.
o The lips experience two major growth spurts during the second year of life and the
during the early and middle teenage years. During these grow spurts, the lips increase in
width, height,- and convexity.