Specimen Papers 2013 PDF

Cambridge Pre-U Specimen Papers
and Mark Schemes
Cambridge International Level 3

Pre-U Certificate in
BIOLOGY
For use from 2011 onwards

Cambridge Pre-U Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes
Specimen Materials
Biology (9790)
Cambridge International Level 3
Pre-U Certificate in Biology (Principal)
For use from 2011 onwards
QAN 500/380/72
www.cie.org.uk/cambridgepreu 1
Cambridge Pre-U Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes
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Copyright © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2011
2 www.cie.org.uk/cambridgepreu
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
Cambridge International Level 3 Pre-U Certificate
Principal Subject
BIOLOGY 9790/01
Paper 1 Structured Questions For Examination from 2013
SPECIMEN PAPER
2 hours 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.
Section A For Examiner's Use

Twenty questions for which you must choose what you consider to be the right
answer and record your choice in the appropriate space provided. Marks will not Section A
be deducted for any wrong answers. Write your answers in the spaces provided
on the Question Paper. 21
Section B 22
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
23
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question.
24
25
26
Total
This document consists of 31 printed pages and 1 blank page.
© UCIE 2011 [Turn over

2
Section A For
Examiner's
1 The resolving power of a microscope depends on the wavelength used by the system. Use
Table 1.1 shows the wavelengths and resolving powers of three types of microscope.
Table 1.1
type of microscope wavelength / µm resolving power / µm
light microscope 0.8 0.4
ultra-violet microscope 0.2 0.1
electron microscope 0.005 0.0025
Table 1.2 gives details of four biological structures which are investigated using
microscopes. The ticks () and crosses () indicate whether or not each structure can be
clearly seen with each microscope.
Table 1.2
chloroplast, Escherichia ribosome, thickness of

length 5 µm coli bacterium, diameter plasma
length 2 µm 25 nm membrane
10 nm
light microscope
ultra-violet
microscope
electron microscope
Which row correctly completes Table 1.2 to show which structures can be clearly seen
with an ultra-violet microscope?
chloroplast, Escherichia ribosome, thickness of

length 5 µm coli bacterium, diameter plasma
length 2 µm 25 nm membrane
10 nm
A
B
C
D
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13
3
2 Use your knowledge and the information provided to work out which description of For
telomeres and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is correct. Examiner's
Use
telomeres telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)
A present in eukaryotes uses RNA as a template to make single stranded DNA
B present in eukaryotes inhibits the loss of telomeres from DNA during semi-
conservative replication
C present in prokaryotes inhibits the loss of telomeres from DNA during semi-
conservative replication
D present in prokaryotes uses RNA as a template to make single stranded DNA
answer [1]
3 The enzyme phosphofructokinase is involved in phosphorylation of hexose phosphate

sugars during glycolysis. It is involved in control of the rate of glycolysis and thus
respiration, by end-product inhibition.
Deduce which of the following is a description of this enzyme.
shape of binding site(s) substrate products
A no allosteric site, active site hexose hexose phosphate

complementary to ATP and
hexose
B allosteric site complementary to hexose phosphate hexose phosphate

glucose, active site
complementary to hexose
phosphate
C allosteric site complementary to hexose phosphate hexose bisphosphate

ATP, active site complementary to
ATP and hexose phosphate
D no allosteric site, active site hexose bisphosphate two triose phosphate

complementary to hexose
bisphosphate
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

4
4 An action potential arrives at the synaptic knob increasing the permeability of the For
membranes to ……1……, which diffuse in and cause vesicles to move to the pre-synaptic Examiner's
membrane and fuse with it. Use
……2…… occurs and the ……3…… moves across the synaptic cleft by ……4…… and
attaches to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane, causing ……5…… channels to
open and a post-synaptic potential to be generated.
Which words correctly complete the numbered gaps?
1 2 3 4 5
transmitter active
A acetylcholine endocytosis calcium ion
substance transport
B calcium ions exocytosis acetylcholine diffusion sodium ion
transmitter active
C calcium ions exocytosis sodium ion
substance transport
D sodium ions endocytosis acetylcholine diffusion calcium ion
answer [1]
5 The diagram shows the major components of the lac operon.
DNA
Which statement is correct?
A 1 is a ribosome, 2 is a t-RNA molecule and 3 is a phosphorylated amino acid, the

activator, so lactose-digesting enzyme can be made.
B 1 is mRNA polymerase, 2 is β-galactosidase, the inducer and 3 is the repressor, so

lactose-digesting enzyme cannot be made.
C 1 is mRNA polymerase, 2 is the repressor and 3 is lactose, the inducer, so lactose-

digesting enzyme can be made.
D 1 is the repressor, 2 is a β-galactosidase molecule and 3 is lactose, the promoter, so

lactose-digesting enzyme can be made.
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

5
6 Small samples from crime scenes can be genetically profiled (DNA finger printed). For
Examiner's
Which are necessary parts of a successful genetic profiling process? Use
crime scene sample PCR ethidium bromide

and X-rays
A red blood cells
B saliva
C semen
D skin cells
Key
= used
= not used
answer [1]
7 A symbiont may be defined as a species in which individuals live in a long-term, intimate

and beneficial relationship with hosts of a different species. As the name suggests,
endosymbionts live within their hosts.
Which statement provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are

endosymbionts?
A Proteins encoded by the nucleus are exported to these organelles.
B Their inner membrane has different structure from other intracellular membranes.
C They are surrounded by double membrane.
D They contain their own ribosomes.
answer [1]
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6
8 Approximately half of the total protein in a pea seed consists of the storage protein vicilin. For
Examiner's
• Each molecule of vicilin is made up of three identical polypeptides. Use
• Each polypeptide is made up of two β-pleated β-pleated sheet regions

sheet regions with linking α-helix regions, folded
into the shape shown to the right.
• This allows the three polypeptides to pack

together into a compact, flat storage molecule,
as shown below.
α-helix regions
Which row correctly describes the structure of vicilin?
secondary quaternary
primary structure tertiary structure
structure structure
α-helix and
amino acid
β-pleated sheet association of three folding of each
A sequence of one
regions of each polypeptides polypeptide
polypeptide
polypeptide
α-helix and
amino acid
β-pleated sheet folding of each association of three
B sequence of one
regions of each polypeptide polypeptides
polypeptide
polypeptide
α-helix and
amino acid
association of three β-pleated sheet folding of each
C sequence of one
polypeptides regions of each polypeptide
polypeptide
polypeptide
α-helix and
amino acid
association of three folding of each β-pleated sheet
D sequence of one
polypeptides polypeptide regions of each
polypeptide
polypeptide
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

7
9 The graphs represent the frequency of alleles in species X, Y and Z during and after For
selection. Examiner's
Use
key
characteristics selected for
characteristics selected
against
X Y Z
during
allele selection
frequency
range of characteristic(s) regulated by alleles
after
allele selection
frequency
range of characteristic(s) regulated by alleles
In which species does evolution take place?
A X only
B Y only
C Y and Z
D none of X, Y nor Z
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

8
10 Curve X shows the oxygen dissociation curve for human haemoglobin. Under certain For
conditions this curve becomes displaced to the right. This is termed the Bohr effect and is Examiner's
shown by curve Y. Use
X
100
80
percentage 60
Y
saturation of
haemoglobin 40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
partial pressure of
oxygen / kPa
Which change is responsible for the Bohr effect?
A a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen
B a decrease in the temperature of the blood
C an increase in pH of the blood
D an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

9
11 Which statements correctly describe the structure and function of prokaryote ribosomes? For
Examiner's
1 Prokaryote ribosomes are smaller than eukaryote ribosomes and sediment at Use
70 S.
2 A prokaryote ribosome consists of two subunits, one of 50 S and one of 30 S.
3 In prokaryotes, ribosomes translate mRNA in the same cellular compartment in which

it is transcribed.
4 In prokaryotes, ribosomes can begin translating mRNA before its synthesis has been
completed.
5 A prokaryote ribosome can accommodate only one amino acyl-tRNA at a time.
A 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
B 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
C 1, 3 and 5 only
D 2, 4 and 5 only
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

10
12 A snake venom causes death by leading to paralysis of muscles. It exerts its effect at For
synapses. Examiner's
Use
The statements below were put forward by scientists as possible explanations for the
effects of this venom.
1 It interferes with the binding of neurotransmitter vesicles to the membranes.
2 It binds with neurotransmitter receptor sites.
3 It blocks calcium and sodium channels.
4 It destroys the myelin sheath of the neurone.
5 It binds with neurotransmitter.
Which statements should be investigated further?
A 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
B 2, 4 and 5 only
C 4 only
D 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
answer [1]
13 What happens during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
1 ADP is hydrolysed.
2 ADP is phosphorylated.
3 ATP is hydrolysed.
4 ATP is phosphorylated.
5 NADP is oxidised.
6 NADP is reduced.
A 1 and 5 only
B 2 and 6 only
C 1, 4 and 5 only
D 2, 3 and 6 only
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

11
14 One of the many recessive mutations of the CFTR gene changes one amino acid in the For
region of the CFTR protein that binds ATP. The graph shows the effect of different Examiner's
concentrations of ATP on normal and mutant CFTR proteins. Use
100 normal CFTR
80
percentage 60 mutant CFTR

of functioning
ion channels 40
20
0
concentration of ATP
Which correctly describes individuals who are homozygous for this mutation?
1 Their CFTR protein cannot bind ATP and cannot act as an ion channel.
2 Their CFTR protein binds ATP less readily than normal CFTR protein.
3 They produce CFTR protein that must bind ATP to function as an ion channel.
4 They produce a mixture of normal and mutant CFTR protein, both of which can act as
an ion channel.
A 1 only B 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 2 and 4 only
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

12
15 Many plants are not fertilised by pollen from their own flowers. This is known as For
self-incompatibility. In any individual species a single gene, the S gene, is responsible and Examiner's
it may have many different alleles. Use
If a pollen grain has an S allele which matches an allele in the genotype of the stigma then
the pollen grain fails to germinate or the pollen tube fails to grow through the style.
The genotype of the stigma of a flower is S3S4.
Which pollen grains would germinate?
1 2 3 4
S1 S1S3 S3 S2S4
pollen grain
A 1 only B 2 and 4 only C 3 only D 3 and 4 only
answer [1]
16 Molecules can be transported in several ways.
1 cohesion/tension
2 diffusion
3 mass flow
4 osmosis
Which row shows the correct method of transport?
into capillaries in phloem out of stomata in xylem
A 1 2 3 4
B 2 1 4 3
C 3 4 1 2
D 4 3 2 1
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

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BLANK PAGE
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

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Questions 17 to 20
The graphs on the opposite page show features of the survival and reproductive success of adult
males and females of four different species:
A red deer, Cervus elaphus
B Bewick’s swan, Cygnus columbianus
C dwarf mongoose, Helogale parvula
D southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina
Column 1 shows the age-specific survival which is the probability that adult animals of different ages
will survive for a further year.
Column 2 shows survivorship curves. A survivorship curve shows the proportion of a population that
survives to different ages.
Column 3 shows the mean annual reproductive success which is the number of offspring produced
by adult males and females of different ages.
Study the graphs and then for each question identify the most appropriate graph that matches the
statements in questions 17 to 20. Record your answer to each question by using a letter for the
appropriate species and a number for the appropriate graph, e.g. A1, B2, C3, etc.
17 A species with a higher proportion of females than males in the oldest age groups.
answer [1]
18 A species with a mortality rate above 60% among juveniles.
answer [1]
19 A species in which both males and females have the same effective breeding period.
answer [1]
20 A polygynous species.
answer [1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

15
1 2 3
species age-specific survival survivorship mean annual
reproductive success
offspring per individual

proportion of original
age specific survival
population surviving
mean number of
A red deer 1.00 0.80 2.4
0.75 1.8
0.50 0.40 1.2
0.25 0.6
0 0 0
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 0 6 12 18
age / years age / years age / years

mean number of
B Bewick’s 1.00 0.50 1.2
swan 0.75 0.9
0.50 0.25 0.6
0.25 0.3
0 0 0
0 5 10 15 0 6 12 18 0 5 10 15

mean number of
C dwarf 1.00 0.40 5
mongoose 0.75 4
3
0.50 0.20
2
0.25 1
0 0 0
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 0 2 4 6 8 10

mean number of
D southern 1.00 0.40 18

elephant seal* 0.75
12
0.50 0.20
6
0.25
0 0 0
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
key
= females
= males
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

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Section B For
Examiner's
Use
Answer all the questions.
21 ATP is a nucleotide that performs many essential roles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
It is considered to be the major ‘energy currency’ of cells.
Fig. 21.1 shows the structure of ATP.
H 2N
N
N
O O O
N
O– P O P O P O N
O
O– O– O–
OH OH
Fig. 21.1
(a) Describe the features of a molecule of ATP that make it suitable for its role.
[3]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

17
(b) (i) Explain why ATP is said to be an ‘energy currency’. For

Examiner's
Use
[1]
(ii) Describe an example of ATP acting as an ‘energy currency’.
[2]
(c) The enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is needed for DNA synthesis. The
enzyme catalyses the reaction in which adenosine diphosphate is converted to
deoxyadenosine diphosphate (dADP).
RNR
ADP dADP + H2O
reduced NADP NADP
(i) State how adenosine diphosphate differs from deoxyadenosine diphosphate.
[1]
(ii) Suggest how dADP is used in the synthesis of DNA.
[2]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

18
(d) Excess adenosine is deaminated to deoxyinosinol in a reaction catalysed by the For

enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA), which consists of one polypeptide. Examiner's
Use
Fig. 21.2 shows a ribbon model of ADA.
Fig. 21.2
Describe the structure of the enzyme, ADA, as shown in Fig. 1.2. You may add
labels to the diagram to help your answer if you wish.
[3]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

19
A deficiency of ADA is a cause of severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome For

(SCID). Examiner's
Use
Children with non-functional adenosine deaminase are at risk of infections as a toxic

product builds up inside T lymphocytes (T cells) and kills these cells.
(e) Outline the roles of T lymphocytes in the immune system.
[3]
(f) Gene therapy has been used to treat SCID.
Explain the problems encountered in using gene therapy as a treatment for genetic
diseases, such as SCID.
[4]
[Total: 19]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

20
22 Skin cancer cells may be grown in culture and examined using the technique of For
immunofluorescence in which antibodies are used to attach fluorescent dyes to specific Examiner's
molecules within the cells. Use
Fig. 22.1 is an immunofluorescent light micrograph of skin cancer cells. The DNA in the
large cell nuclei is stained blue. These nuclei are typical of cells undergoing division in
cancer. Proteins in the cytoplasm are stained green.
There are two cells in the process of dividing. Each of these cells has two areas stained
bright yellow, labelled A on Fig. 22.1.
Fig. 22.1
(a) (i) Suggest why proteins in the cytoplasm of the non-dividing cells in Fig. 22.1 are
not evenly distributed.
[1]
(ii) Suggest the identity of the two areas stained yellow in the dividing cells and
outline their function.
[3]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

21
(b) Before the skin cancer cells could be stained with antibodies, the cells had to be fixed For
and treated with a mild detergent to increase the permeability of the cell surface Examiner's
membranes. Use
(i) State why it is necessary to increase the permeability of the cell surface
membranes before staining cells using the technique of immunofluorescence.
[1]
(ii) State and explain two advantages of using immunofluorescence in studying the
changes that occur in cells during cell division.
advantage 1
advantage 2
[4]
[Total: 9]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

22
23 Fig. 23.1 is a photomicrograph of the lower epidermis of the leaf of an oleander, Nerium For
oleander. Fig. 23.2 is a photomicrograph of the lower epidermis of the leaf of a privet, Examiner's
Use
Ligustrum vulgare. Both photomicrographs are to the same scale.
Fig. 23.1 Fig. 23.2
(a) State two ways, visible in Fig. 23.1 and Fig. 23.2, in which the epidermis of oleander
differs from the epidermis of privet. In each case explain how oleander is adapted to
survive severe drought conditions.
[4]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

23
The concentration of three ions, potassium, chloride and phosphate, were determined in For
guard cells of closed and open stomata. Fig. 23.3 shows these concentrations measured Examiner's
in arbitrary units which are the same for all three ions. Use
key
7 concentration of: 2
concentration
concentration 6 K+ ions
of Cl – ions and
of K+ ions / Cl – ions
arbitrary units 5 PO43– ions
PO43– ions /
arbitrary units
4
1
3
2
1
0 0
guard
cells
nuclei
open
region stomatal
with thick pore
cuticle
Fig. 23.3
(b) Suggest a possible mechanism, that can be supported by the data in Fig. 23.3, to
account for the changes in stomatal aperture.
[4]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

24
(c) Many plant cells have cytoplasmic connections (plasmodesmata) between For
neighbouring cells, but these are absent from guard cells. Examiner's
Use
Explain how this helps guard cells function efficiently.
[2]
[Total: 10]
24 Fig. 24.1 summarises the reactions which occur in the Calvin cycle.
CO2
enzyme B
two molecules of
compound A
glycerate 3-phosphate
step C
glucose
Fig. 24.1
(a) Where, precisely, in a plant cell do the reactions shown in Fig. 24.1 take place?
[1]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

25
(b) Name For

Examiner's
(i) compound A Use
[1]
(ii) enzyme B
[1]
(c) Calculate the proportion of carbon atoms from glycerate 3-phosphate molecules
which are incorporated into glucose. Show your working.
[2]
(d) Some biologists describe enzyme B as ‘the most important enzyme in our biosphere’.
Explain why they might hold this opinion.
[2]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

26
(e) The Calvin cycle is part of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. These For
reactions continue when a plant is moved from light conditions to dark conditions, but Examiner's
only for a very short time. Use
With reference to Fig. 24.1, explain why this is the case.
[4]
(f) Evidence suggests that the earliest eukaryotic cells did not carry out photosynthesis.
Explain how some eukaryotic cells are thought to have become photosynthetic.
[4]
[Total: 15]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

27
25 Fig. 25.1 shows a European starling, Sturnus vulgaris. For

Examiner's
Use
Fig. 25.1
(a) Outline the aspects of the biology of S. vulgaris that must be considered when
describing the niche of this species.
[4]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

28
The relative contribution of individual species to the biodiversity of communities has been For
investigated for particular species. Fig. 25.2 shows the effect of different densities of the Examiner's
gastropod mollusc, Littorina littorea, on the number of species of algae in tidal rock pools Use
on the Eastern seaboard of the USA. L. littorea grazes on algae.
14
12
10
number of 8
species of
algae 6
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
density of L. littorea / number m–2
Fig. 25.2
(b) Describe and explain the results shown in Fig. 25.2.
[5]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

29
The effects of removing all the individuals of a species of predatory starfish on a rocky For
shore community were investigated. Fig. 25.3 is part of a food web for this community and Examiner's
shows the changes that occurred. The minus symbol (–) indicates that the numbers of Use
individuals in the species concerned decreased; the plus symbol (+) indicates that the
numbers of individuals in the species concerned increased.
predatory starfish
dog whelk
1 species +
chitons limpets mussel acorn barnacles goose barnacle

2 species – 2 species – 1 species + 3 species – 1 species +
Fig. 25.3
(c) Explain how the results of the study support the idea that the predatory starfish is
a keystone species.
[3]
[Total: 12]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

30
26 The gene for colour vision in humans is sex-linked. The recessive allele, ch, causes For
red-green colour blindness. The gene for the ABO blood group system is on Examiner's
Use
chromosome 9. There are three alleles, IA, IB and Io and four possible phenotypes.
Fig. 26.1 shows the inheritance of these two genes in a family.
Key for colour blindness
affected unaffected
1 2
female
I
male
A B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
II
O A A AB O O B
1 2 3 4
III
O A B A
Fig. 26.1
(a) State the genotypes of the following people in the family shown in Fig. 26.1.
I-2
II-1
II-7 [3]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

31
(b) With reference to Fig. 26.1, explain why For

Examiner's
Use
(i) the grandfather (I-1) is colour-blind, but neither of his sons is colour-blind
[2]
(ii) one grandson (III-3) has inherited colour-blindness but the other (III-1) has not
[2]
(iii) there are four phenotypes in the ABO blood group system.
[3]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

32
Nail-patella syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant trait that affects fingernails,

toenails, elbows and kneecaps. The locus of the gene for nail-patella syndrome, Np / np,
is 10 map units from the ABO locus on chromosome 9.
A man with nail-patella syndrome and blood group AB has a family of five children with
his wife who does not have the syndrome and is blood group O.
Three children do not have the nail-patella syndrome and are blood group A.
Two children have nail-patella syndrome and are blood group B.
(c) State the genotypes of the father and the mother.
father
mother
[3]
(d) Explain why there is a small probability of these parents having a child with both
blood group A and nail-patella syndrome.
[2]
[Total: 15]
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 22 Figure 22.1 Immunofluorescent LM of skin cancer cells, © Nancy Kedersha/Science Photo Library
Question 25 Figure 25.1 Starling, Stumus vulagris, © Jeroen Stel (rspb.images.com)
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCIE 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

Principal Subject
BIOLOGY 9790/01
Paper 1 Structured Questions For Examination from 2013
SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME
2 hours 30 minutes
MAXIMUM MARK: 100
This document consists of 8 printed pages.

2
Section A
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 C 11 B
2 A 12 A
3 C 13 B
4 B 14 C
5 C 15 A
6 D 16 D
7 A 17 A2
8 B 18 C2
9 B 19 B3
10 D 20 A3/D3
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SM/13

3
Section B
21 (a) small molecule, so readily diffusible throughout cytoplasm ;

water soluble ;
easily regenerated / ADP + Pi ATP / AW ;
easy to transfer energy by hydrolysis of terminal bond ;
idea that ATP ‘fits into’ many, parts of the cell / enzymes / proteins ;
charged so that it, stays in cell / does not cross membrane ;
energy released by hydrolysis can be used in many cell processes ;
R ‘high energy bonds’ [3]
(b) (i) idea of linking, energy releasing / oxidation, reactions to energy-consuming reactions ; [1]
(ii) ATP production

substrate-linked phosphorylation / chemiosmosis / ATP synthase ;
ATP transfers energy to

anabolic reactions / example ;
active transport (of molecules and / or ions) ;
adding phosphate groups (phosphorylation) / example ;
beating / movement of, flagella ;
movement of muscle filaments ;
bioluminescence ;
AVP ; any other type of process NOT an example of any of the above [max 2]
(c) (i) ribose (not deoxyribose) ;

ribose / pentose / sugar, has two –OH groups / deoxyribose has one ;
A ref to C2 [max 1]
(ii) phosphorylated (by ATP) ;

dATP ;
DNA, polymerase / ligase ;
pairs with, T / thymine, on template (strand / polynucleotide) ; [max 2]
(d) secondary structure, alpha helix / beta (pleated) sheet ;

areas of non-regular structure / not α or β ;
tertiary structure ;
complex folding / AW ;
idea of specificity ;
R bonding as not shown in figure [max 3]
(e) type of T cell and outline of role of each

helper-T cells + role e.g. activate / direct other immune system cells ;
cytotoxic-T / T-killer cells, + role e.g. destroy cells infected with virus ;
suppressor-T cells / regulatory-T cells, + role, e.g. suppress / control unwanted immune
responses ;
memory-T cells + role e.g. remain after antigen exposure and quickly activate after re-exposure ;
[max 3]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SM/13

4
(f) ref to somatic gene therapy ;

inserting genes into cells means that treatment is short-lived ;
idea of inappropriate immune response to viral vectors ;
gene inserted into the wrong place inducing a tumour ;
another problem associated with gene being inserted in, wrong place / into another gene ;
child receiving treatment for SCID developed leukaemia ;
further detail regarding treatment for SCID ;
credit a case study ; [max 4]
[Total: 19]
22 (a) (i) protein forms, fibres / (micro)filaments / cytoskeleton ;

ref to distribution of endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasm ;
AVP ; [max 1]
(ii) spindle apparatus / spindle fibres ; Accept spindle / microtubules / tubulin / centrioles /
microtubule organising centres / MTOCs [1]
function to max 2
attach to chromosomes / kinetochores ;
detail of, elongation / structure / shortening, of microtubules ;
for movement of chromosomes ;
during mitosis ;
Accept if centrioles given as identity

forms poles of the cell ;
organises the spindle ; [max 2]
(b) (i) antibody molecules too large to pass through membrane ; [1]
(ii) locate position of specific, proteins / structures ;

antibody molecules have complementary shape to target, proteins / structures ;
can see distribution of, proteins / structures, in light microscope ;

do not need to prepare sections for the electron microscope ;
easier to look at a large number of cells than in EM ;
higher degree of specificity than using other staining techniques ;

idea of variable regions of antibodies giving greater specificity ; [2 + 2]
[Total: 9]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SM/13

5
23 (a) Oleander
lower stomatal density / AW ;

less water vapour lost through stomatal transpiration / described ;
stomata in pits / stomata below leaf surface / sunken stomata ;

longer diffusion pathway for water vapour / ref to boundary layer / ref vapour pressure deficit
(VPD) at stomatal opening ;
hairs / trichomes, in pits / around stomata ;

ref slower air movement / stagnant air / ref VPD at stomatal opening ;
thicker cuticle ;
less evaporation from leaf surface / epidermis ; A less water loss from leaf surface /
epidermis [2 + 2]
(b) increase in [K+] when stoma is open ;

comparative data quote ;
values similar for both guard cells ;
active transport of K+ inwards ;

further details of K+ pump ;
chloride ions diffuse in ;
lowers, solute potential / water potential ;
water enters by osmosis ;
phosphate values very similar ;
used in ATP synthesis ; [max 4]
(c) ref to symplast ;

K+ would diffuse out of guard cells (to adjacent cells) ;
other substance, lost / shared / AW ; e.g. malate
further explanation ; e.g. higher rate of active transport would be required
AVP ; e.g. further detail [max 2]
[Total: 10]
24 (a) stroma of the chloroplast ; [1]
(b) (i) ribulose bisphosphate / RuBP ; [1]
(ii) rubisco / ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (oxygenase) ; [1]
(c) award two marks for the correct answer (1/6 or eq) with or without working
RuBP = 5, glycerate 3-phosphate = 3, glucose = 6 ;

1/6 / eq ; [2]
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6
(d) ref to carbon fixation ;

key role in carbon cycle ;
only / main, route into food chains for carbon ;
the major route out of the atmosphere for carbon dioxide ; [max 2]
(e) ATP and, NADPH2 / reduced NADP ;

produced in the light-dependent stage ;
production stops after dark ;
are required for step C ;
will rapidly be used up after dark ; [max 4]
(f) ref to endosymbiosis (in correct context) ;

pre-existing prokaryotes could already photosynthesise ;
ref to cyanobacteria as putative ancestral chloroplast ;
uptake of prokaryotes into other prokaryotes ;
to give a symbiotic, union / community ;
transfer of some genes to host cell nucleus ;
retention of other genes in chloroplast ;
idea of so it became an obligate symbiosis ; [max 4]
[Total: 15]
25 (a) biotic factors affecting / abiotic factors affecting / description of, habitat ;
trophic level / what it feeds on ;
adaptations for feeding / foraging method ;
time / places, where it feeds ;
where it roosts ;
whether / when, living, individually / in small groups / in flocks ;
where / when, it reproduces ;
predator / what feeds on it ;
parasites ;
competitors ;
AVP ;
AVP ; [max 4]
(b) number of species is low when few Littorina ;

suggest successful competition by few species of algae ;
environment unsuitable for both / AW ;
maximum number of algal species when Littorina is at 150 m–2 ;

Littorina grazes most competitive species reducing their effect ;
smallest number of algal species at, highest Littorina density / 250 m –2 ;

ref overgrazing ;
AVP ; [max 5]
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7
(c) definition of keystone species

a species whose presence and role within an ecosystem has a disproportionate effect on
other organisms within the system / AW ;
removal of the species has profound effects on the, community / ecosystem ;
removal of predatory starfish reduces numbers of seven species ;

increases numbers of three species ;
reduces, species richness / biodiversity ;

presence keeps other predators in check ;
AVP ; [max 3]
[Total: 12]
26 (a) Accept any sensible symbols

Accept without X and Y chromosomes but male must indicate absent allele by using a dash
or by putting in a Y chromosome
IBIo Ch Ch / IBIo Ch ch / IBIo XChXCh / IBIo XChXCh ;

IoIo Ch ch / IoIo XChXCh;
IBIo Ch – / IBIo XChY ; [3]
(b) (i) fathers pass on X chromosome to their daughters / fathers never pass on X
chromosome to their sons ;
mother has (at least one) dominant allele and this has been passed on to
the sons ; [2]
(ii) III-3 has inherited colour blindness from mother who is a carrier ;
she has inherited Xch from, her father / I-1 ;
other grandson / III-1, cannot inherit Xch through the male line ; [max 2]
(iii) multiple alleles / 3 alleles at this locus but each person diploid so can only have 2 ;
gives 6 different genotypes / genotypes listed ;
codominance between IA and IB, so gives AB ;
dominance between IA / IB and Io , so means IA Io is same phenotype as
IA IA / IBIo is same phenotype as IBIB ; [max 3]
(c) one mark for each genotype, one mark for giving notation for linkage
father
IA np / (IA np) (IB Np)
IB Np
mother
Io np / (Ionp) (Ionp)
Io np [3]
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8
(d) loci are linked so IA and np are likely to be inherited together ;

so if blood type A, likely to be free of the disease ;
5% / small, chance, of IA and Np ;
as a result of crossing over between loci in father ; [max 2]
[Total: 15]
© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SM/13

Principal Subject
BIOLOGY 9790/02
Paper 2 Long Answer For Examination from 2013
SPECIMEN PAPER
2 hours 45 minutes
No Additional Materials are required.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on the work you hand in.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Section A
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section B
For Examiner's Use
Section C
Section A
Answer one question.
Write your answers on the Question Paper. Separate answer paper will be
available if required. Section B
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. 8
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question. 9
10
Total
This document consists of 25 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

2
Section A For
Examiner's
Data analysis Use
1 Fig. 1.1 shows an American eel, Anguilla rostrata, which lives for part of its life in the rivers
and mountain streams of the Eastern USA. Adult fish migrate to the Atlantic Ocean when
they are ready to breed. After breeding the adults die.
Young eels migrate from the sea back to the rivers and streams and may live for five years
or more before reaching the stage when they are ready to breed.
This species of fish has become rare in mountain streams over recent years.
Fig. 1.1
As part of a long-running study to find out more about the biology and behaviour of
A. rostrata, mark-release-recapture was used to estimate the population size in one
mountain stream in Virginia. Very young eels were not marked.
Table 1.1 shows the results of the mark-release-recapture.
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

3
Table 1.1 For

Examiner's
Use
total number number of
total number
number of of fish marked fish population
year of fish
fish marked captured one recaptured estimate
caught
year later one year later
2000 334 279 352 98 1002
2001 352 226 290 57 1150
2002 290 149 180 25 1073
2003 180 76 232 11 1603
2004 232 116 184 21 …….
2005 184 72
Totals 1572 918
(a) (i) Calculate the population estimate for the year 2004 to complete Table 1.1.
Show your working.
Write your answer in Table 1.1. [2]
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4
(ii) Comment on the accuracy of these population estimates. For

Examiner's
Use
[3]
(iii) Explain the limitations of using mark-release-recapture to estimate the size of

populations of animals, such as eels.
[3]
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5
The annual growth of the eels was also measured. Fig. 1.2 shows a box-whisker plot of the For
results for growth in length and growth in mass of eels in one stream that were marked with Examiner's
tags and then recaptured from 2000 to 2005. Use
60
50
40
increase in
30
length / mm
20
10
0
80
60
increase in
40
mass / g
20
0
2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005
year
Fig. 1.2
The line in each box represents the median; the top and bottom of each box show 25th and
75th percentiles; the ‘whiskers’ show the 10th and 90th percentiles.
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6
(b) (i) Describe the results shown in Fig. 1.2. For

Examiner's
Use
[3]
(ii) Explain the advantage of plotting box-whiskers to show these data rather than bar
charts or histograms.
[3]
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7
(c) A. rostrata is not officially recognised as an endangered species, but its numbers are in For
decline. Examiner's
Use
Discuss the limitations of the results of this study in terms of providing sufficient
information to inform the conservation of A. rostrata in Virginia.
[4]
(d) Numbers of eels are not as high in other mountain streams in the area. It is thought this
is due to dams downstream that are barriers to migration from the sea.
Suggest how the study might be extended to see if this is the case.
[2]
[Total: 20]
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8
BLANK PAGE
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

9
2 In an investigation into pollen release from Timothy grass, Phleum pratense, the number of For
pollen grains released into the atmosphere was sampled at hourly intervals, on three Examiner's
consecutive days. Traps sited just above the level of the leaves were used to do this. Use
The wind speed and the relative humidity were recorded at the times of sampling.
The results of the investigation are shown in Fig. 2.1
700
600
number 500
of pollen 400
grains
collected 300
per hour 200
100
0
2
wind
speed 1
/ m s–1
0
100
80
% relative 60
humidity
40
20
0
2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400
July 10 July 11 July 12
Fig. 2.1
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10
(a) Use the data in Fig. 2.1 to make conclusions about the factors that determine the For
release of pollen from Timothy grass. Examiner's
Use
[6]
(b) Discuss how confident you can be that your conclusions about release of pollen from
Timothy grass are valid.
[4]
[Total: 10]
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11
3 The technique of polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is used to separate and For
identify proteins. One method of PAGE involves treating proteins with an ionic detergent to Examiner's
dissociate proteins into their constituent polypeptide subunits. Sodium dodecyl sulfate Use
(SDS) is often used for this. Proteins treated with SDS have a uniform net charge on each
polypeptide so that during electrophoresis they are separated only on the basis of their
relative molecular mass.
After treatment with SDS, proteins are placed in wells (A to F) cut into the polyacrilamide
gel. A dye is added to each sample to show the progress of the samples across the gel. A
current is applied to the gel and when the dye reaches a point towards the end of the gel,
the current is switched off.
The relative mobility of each polypeptide is calculated as follows:
distance travelled by polypeptide band

distance travelled by dye front
Six proteins were analysed with SDS-PAGE and the results are shown in Fig. 3.1.
The relative molecular mass of one protein, lactate dehydrogenase, was unknown.
A B C D E F well
dye front
Fig. 3.1
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12
(a) (i) Calculate the relative mobility of the proteins in sample wells A, B, C, E and F and For
add your calculated values to the spaces in Table 3.1. Examiner's
Use
Space for working
Write your answers in Table 3.1 [2]
Table 3.1
well protein relative molecular mass relative mobility
A carbonic anhydrase 29 000 …………………
B human albumin 68 000 …………………
C lactate dehydrogenase …………………… …………………
D myoglobin 17 200 1.00
E egg albumin 43 000 …………………
F transferrin 77 000 …………………
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13
For
Examiner's
Use
(ii) Use the graph paper provided to draw a graph of the relative molecular mass
plotted against the relative mobility of proteins A, B, D, E and F. [4]
(b) Complete Table 3.1 by using your graph to find the relative molecular mass of lactate
dehydrogenase.
Explain how you arrived at your answer.
Write the relative molecular mass of lactate dehydrogenase in the space in Table 3.1 [2]
[Total: 8]
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14
BLANK PAGE
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

15
The Planning Task For

Examiner's
4 Yeast cells have transport proteins in their cell membranes for the uptake of nutrients from Use
the surroundings. There are separate transport proteins for glucose and for maltose. When
exposed to both glucose and maltose the transport protein for maltose is downregulated
and is not produced.
Plan an investigation to find out whether or not the yeast transport proteins for glucose and
maltose function at the same rate.
You are provided with the following equipment. Choose your equipment from this list.
You may not use any additional equipment.
• an unlimited supply of 10% yeast suspension

• an unlimited volume of 10 g dm-3 glucose solution
• an unlimited volume of 10 g dm-3 maltose solution
• Benedict’s solution
• dilute hydrochloric acid
• dilute sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hydrogencarbonate solution for
neutralising
• beakers and flasks of different sizes
• stop watch or electronic timer
• colorimeter and tubes
• centrifuge and centrifuge tubes
• thermometer
• thermostatically-controlled water baths
• pipettes and pipette fillers
• burettes and burette stands
• filter funnels and filter paper
• syringes
• glass rods for stirring
• test-tubes and boiling tubes
• test-tube racks
Your plan should
• include a clear statement of the hypothesis or prediction

• identify the key variables
• give full details and explanations of the procedures that you would adopt to ensure that
the results are as precise and reliable as possible
• show how you would present and analyse your results
• include a brief risk assessment
• be written in clear scientific language.
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13 [Turn over

16
For
Examiner's
Use
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

17
For
Examiner's
Use
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13 [Turn over

18
For
Examiner's
Use
[22]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

19
Section B For
Examiner's
Read the passage carefully and answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use
You are advised to spend no more than 50 minutes on this section.
Type 2 diabetes – the growing threat
Diabetes mellitus currently affects at least 2.5 million people in the UK and is a condition in
which the body is unable to maintain a normal blood glucose concentration. Many people who
have no experience of diabetes think that the more common form is type 1, requiring insulin
injections. Yet this is not the case. By far the more common is type 2, which represents
approximately 85–90% of cases, and is on the increase. Originally thought of as affecting older
people it is becoming increasing common among the young. It is thought that obesity is an
important risk factor. There is no entirely successful way of treating type 2 diabetes although it
can be managed by control of diet, appropriate exercise and the use of medication.
Those with the condition, at least initially, produce insulin normally but certain body cells
develop insulin resistance. This means that they do not respond to the hormone by taking up
glucose from the blood rapidly enough to maintain a normal blood glucose concentration. The
permeability of cell membranes is dependent on the presence of transporter protein molecules.
Table 5.1 provides information about two types of such transporters, GLUT and SGLT.
Table 5.1 distinguishes four types (isoforms) of GLUT.
Table 5.1
transporter type of
isoform mainly present in further information
group mechanism
low-level basal glucose

GLUT1 all cells uptake required to
sustain respiration
cells in small intestine in the kidney tubule

lining, in the liver and these transport glucose
GLUT GLUT2
facilitated in cells of kidney from cells lining the
(glucose tubules nephron into capillaries
diffusion
transporters)
probably main glucose
GLUT3 neurones
transporter in neurones
adipose cells and

insulin-controlled
GLUT4 striated muscle cells
glucose transporter
(skeletal and cardiac)
SGLT secondary
transport glucose
(sodium- active
cells lining the proximal directly from
glucose transport
tubule of nephrons glomerular filtrate into
linked along sodium
cells lining nephron
transporters) gradient
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13 [Turn over

20
Insulin is produced by the β cells of the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. When the For
insulin concentration of the blood is low, GLUT4 molecules are removed from the cell Examiner's
membranes of adipose cells and skeletal muscle cells into vesicles in the cytoplasm. Except in Use
the case of type 2 diabetes, an increase in blood insulin concentration means that insulin
combines with specific sites on the cell surface membrane. This causes the GLUT4 molecules
to be restored to the membrane, making it permeable to glucose. When blood insulin
concentration falls the GLUT4 molecules are removed from the membrane into cytoplasmic
vesicles again.
On the onset of type 2 diabetes the patient’s cells become insulin-resistant. Initially the
pancreas responds by producing extra insulin. This only partially alleviates the problem of
insulin resistance and, in time, overworking of the pancreatic β cells leads to their death and
subsequently a reduction in insulin production. At this stage the patient may need to receive
insulin injections, although this offers only a partial solution.
5 (a) After a meal, blood glucose concentration rises above the target concentration
(4.5–5.5 mmol dm–3) at which it is normally maintained by homeostasis.
With the help of Table 5.1, outline how the glucose concentration is reduced to normal
in a person who does not have diabetes.
[3]
(b) In the space below draw a simple labelled diagram showing how protein transporter
molecules may form part of a cell surface membrane.
[4]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

21
(c) Explain how the uptake of glucose by cells in the proximal convoluted tubule differs For
from its uptake by liver cells. Examiner's
Use
[3]
(d) (i) Suggest a mechanism by which the glucose transporter GLUT4 is restored to the
membrane when insulin binds to the cell surface membrane.
[1]
(ii) To what extent might the removal of GLUT4 from a muscle cell surface membrane
render it impermeable to glucose?
[1]
[Total: 12]
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22
6 Table 6.1 presents the results of an experiment comparing rates of glucose production by a For
group of people with type 2 diabetes and a control group without the condition, during 23 Examiner's
hours of fasting. Use
Table 6.1
controls / µmol kg type 2 diabetic patient /

glucose production body mass–1 µmol kg body mass–1 significance level
min–1 min–1
total glucose
8.9 ± 0.5 11.1 ± 0.6 p < 0.05
production
glucose from
hydrolysis of 2.8 ± 0.7 1.3 ± 0.2 p < 0.05
glycogen in the liver
glucose from
6.1 ± 0.5 9.8 ± 0.7 p < 0.01
gluconeogenesis
(a) Discuss the conclusions which can be drawn from the data in Table 6.1.
[6]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

23
(b) In non-diabetic individuals, the blood glucose concentration in the renal vein is only For
slightly lower than in the renal artery. Examiner's
Use
Explain why one might expect the glucose concentration of the blood in the renal vein
to be much lower than in the renal artery and suggest why, in fact, the concentrations
are almost identical.
[4]
[Total: 10]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13 [Turn over

24
7 It is possible to restore insulin secretion in a diabetic patient by transplanting a pancreas or For

isolated islets of Langerhans, but limited donor organs and risks involved restrict these Examiner's
therapies to a small proportion of diabetics. Recent experiments suggest that it may, in Use
future, be possible to treat diabetes with adult stem cells from the patient’s own bone
marrow.
Explain why such an approach, once perfected, is more likely to offer, at least initially, a
treatment for type 1 rather than type 2 diabetes and discuss why this approach may be
preferable to the use of transplants or embryonic stem cells.
[8]
[Total: 8]
[Total for Section B: 30]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

25
Section C For
Examiner's
Answer one question on the lined paper that follows. Use
You are advised to spend no more 50 minutes on this section of the examination. Credit will be
given for answers that draw from a wide range of syllabus material and also for evidence of
reading around the subject.
8 ‘There is no evolutionary advantage in being multicellular’.
Discuss this view.
9 All living organisms need to synthesise ATP. Explain the similarities and differences
between organisms in the ways in which this is achieved.
10 Why do people get heart disease and what should be done about it?
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13 [Turn over

26
For
Examiner's
Use
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

27
For
Examiner's
Use
[30]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

28
BLANK PAGE
Question 1 Figure 1.1 American Eel © Andrew J. Martinez/Science Photo Library.
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SP/13

Principal Subject
BIOLOGY 9790/02
Paper 2 Long Answer For Examination from 2013
2 hours 45 minutes
MAXIMUM MARK: 120

2
Section A
1 (a) (i) two marks for the correct answer written into Table 1.1
if incorrect, one mark for working
Lincoln index: N = population estimate n1 = number marked and released

n2 = total number recaptured m2 = number marked among those recaptured
n1× n2
N=
m2
116 × 184
N=
21
1016 ; ; [2]
(ii) numbers of marked fish recaptured in, 2003 / 2004, are small ;
estimates based on small numbers are unlikely to be accurate ;
over a hundred / many, very young eels caught and not marked ;
proportion of those not marked increases from 2000 to 2005 ;
total number of fish caught one year on is not adjusted for very young fish ;
so population is underestimated ;
cannot be repeated within each year to see if estimate is reliable ;
AVP ; [max 3]
(iii) marking may injure animal ;

alters behaviour / makes it prone to predation / less able to feed / AW ;
marks may be lost ;
chances of catching fish may vary if marked ;
chances of catching fish vary with their age ; A ‘trap happy’ / ‘trap shy’
some fish easier to catch than others ;
fish unlikely to mix thoroughly in streams ;
activity of fish may depend on, environmental conditions / AW ;
effect of deaths ;
effect of migration, into / out, of streams ;
effect of any named limitation giving, underestimate / overestimate, of population size ;
AVP ;
R effect of ‘births’ (spawning occurs at sea) [max 3]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SM/13

3
(b) (i) most increase in, length / mass, in fourth group ;

wide range of results ;
especially for increase in mass ;
50% of fish in sample are between 25th and 75th percentile ;
median increase in mass remained roughly constant (except 4th group) ;
comparative data quote ;

AVP ; [max 3]
(ii) bar chart may plot the mean (and SD / SE) ;

b+w gives more information about the range of results in a sample ;
position of median, shows skewness of data / AW ;
can show, outliers / anomalous results ;
useful if data are not normally distributed ;
easier to compare data from different categories than using histograms ;
AVP ; [max 3]
(c) no data on migration to and from the sea ;

no information on reproduction of eels ;
data is only about eels, not about food supply / habitat / niche / AW ;
no information on age structure ;
no standard against which to compare data on growth ;
no information on likely causes of death ;
no information on, behaviour / movement, of eels during each year ;
AVP ;
AVP ; [max 4]
(d) catch eels as they migrate upstream ;

mark and release ;
recapture at stations below and above the dams ;
use, radiotagging / transmitters / AW, to follow movement of eels ;
AVP ; [max 2]
[Total: 20]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SM/13 [Turn over

4
2 (a) majority / most, pollen released between midnight and midday ;

very little / none, released between midday and midnight ;
ref to, regular / diurnal, pattern ;
most pollen released at 0700 each day ;
ref to figures for maximum release ; e.g. 500 to 700 pollen grains per hour
most pollen released when wind speed low ;
maximum pollen released when relative humidity high / ora ;
steep decrease in pollen release as relative humidity falls ;
ref to figures in support ;
very little pollen released when wind speed higher ;
ref to data for, wind speed / humidity ; [max 6]
(b) idea that cannot be sure from the results whether timing or abiotic factors are more important
in determining release of pollen ;
repeated pattern of release
only data from three days ;

no information on how many, sites / plants ;
data not in form of mean grains collected per hour so not repeated ;
not carried out by other people / no data on reproducibility ;
link between wind speed and humidity
no data with, constant wind speed / wind speed higher at night than during the day ;
no data with, constant relative humidity / humidity higher early part of day / AW ;
idea that correlation is not cause and effect ;
not an experiment as no factors have been controlled ;

no hypothesis to test ;
data not analysed statistically therefore impossible to assign level of significance / confidence
in the conclusions ; [max 4]
[Total: 10]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SM/13

5
3 (a) (i)
well protein relative molecular relative mobility
A carbonic anhydrase 29 000 0.86
B human albumin 68 000 0.38
C lactate dehydrogenase 0.72
D myoglobin 17 200 1.00
E egg albumin 43 000 0.62
F transferrin 77 000 0.36 ;;
5 correct = 2
3 or 4 correct / correct working but incorrect answers = 1
0, 1 or 2 correct with no correct working = 0 [2]
(ii) x-axis for relative mobility, y axis for relative molecular mass, sensible scales ;
axes labelled appropriately ;
points plotted correctly ;
straight line – not extending beyond first and last point ; [4]
(b) co-ordinates on graph explained or shown on graph ;

answer = approx 34 000 ; [2]
[Total: 8]
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4 Planning Task
P = defining the problem

M = methods
Analysis, conclusions and evaluation
D = Interpretation of data or observations and identifying sources of error

C = Drawing conclusions
E = Suggesting Improvements and evaluation
Sections Expected answer Mark
P Hypothesis or prediction ;
defining e.g. rate of uptake of glucose is faster than rate of uptake of maltose / Km
the for uptake of glucose is lower / transport protein has a higher affinity
problem
Theory to support hypothesis or prediction ;
e.g. glucose is a smaller molecule / does not require to be hydrolysed by
enzyme / ref to production of maltase inside yeast cell
Outline of strategy and justification / evaluation ;

e.g. method of following the uptake of glucose and maltose separately
taking samples at intervals and calculating uptake
this could be awarded at the end of the plan
method of determining (the concentration) of glucose at intervals ;

method of determining (the concentration) of maltose at intervals ;
(semi) quantitative Benedict’s solution
At least two control variables ;

e.g. temperature, concentration of yeast, pH, volumes used, pre-treatment
of glucose
Risk assessment ;
ref to hazard and precaution
some points may be taken from a diagram or a flow or sequence diagram [max 6]
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SM/13

7
P use range of concentrations of glucose and maltose ;

methods and / or
use range of concentrations of yeast suspension ;
to find suitable concentrations to make comparison
dilution table(s) included ;
yeast mixed with glucose and maltose solutions ;

equilibration in water bath ;
staggered start ;
samples taken at stated intervals ;

filtered to remove yeast ;
method of finding concentration of sugars described ;
calculate quantity of sugars absorbed knowing initial concentration ;
details of calculation ;
uncertainty / precision, of results ;
plot results and take gradient to give initial rate ;

calculate mass of sugar absorbed per unit time ;
repeats / replicates ;
calculate, standard deviation / standard error / 95%CI ;
plot overall graph as a line graph ;

state that answer is where rate of uptake becomes constant ;
find Km ;
find ½ Km ;
discussion of affinity of transport proteins ;
use, suitable named statistical test ; e.g. t-test / z-test / ANOVA
AVP ;
AVP ; [max 16]
[Total: 22]
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Section B
5 (a) conversion to glycogen in liver and muscle ;

conversion to, fat / lipid / fatty acids / triglycerides in adipose tissue ;
GLUT4 in adipose and muscle ;
GLUT2 in liver ;
uptake by cells for respiration by all cells due to, GLUT1 / neurones GLUT3 / nephrons /
kidney GLUT2 and SGLT ; [max 3]
(b) lipid bilayer with heads and tails correctly orientated ;

labelled, lipids / fatty acids and glycerol / phosphoglycerides ;
transporter molecule passing through the bilayer ;
labelled appropriately ;
must be drawn as a channel protein [4]
(c) liver cells facilitated diffusion and PCT cells active transport ;
active transport against concentration gradient and facilitated diffusion with the gradient ;
active transport requires, respiratory / metabolic energy, ATP, whereas facilitated diffusion
does not ;
(in the case of SGLT / secondary active transport) the ATP / metabolic energy pumps
creates the sodium gradient which causes the glucose molecules to move passively ;
(in the case of SGLT) re-absorption of glucose from the proximal tubule is against a steep
diffusion gradient / needs to take place quickly as filtrate is passing rapidly along the
nephron ; [max 3]
(d) (i) by exocytosis / vesicles fuse with (cell surface) membrane ; [1]
(ii) still some permeability due to GLUT1 ; [1]
[Total: 12]
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6 (a) more glucose is produced by a starving person with type 2 diabetes than
by a person without the condition / AW ;
perhaps because the diabetic is less able to regulate the blood sugar concentration / at a
more advanced stage of starvation / reduced fat reserves ;
in type 2 diabetes, the main source / a greater proportion (of glucose) is from
gluconeogenesis ;
gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose from amino acids / proteins ;
relatively small amount from glycogen as almost used up (by this stage) ;
less from glycogen with type 2 diabetes ;
as less to start with ;
correct reference to statistical significance in discussion of data ;
correct explanation of p < 0.05 ;
reference to ± as (possibly), variation / standard deviation / standard error / indication of
good agreement within replicates ; [max 6]
(b) one would expect glucose to be used up in respiration in the kidney ;

many mitochondria / high rates of respiration in kidney ;
providing ATP for sodium-potassium pumps ;
ref to, selective reabsorption / active transport ;
lack of difference could be due to, gluconeogenesis / amino acids converted to glucose ;
could be a great deal of gluconeogenesis in kidney / gluconeogenesis must be, equal to
kidneys’ glucose consumption through respiration ; [max 4]
[Total: 10]
7 insulin secreting cells are only found in, pancreas / islets of Langerhans ;
reference to β cells as the source of insulin ;
use stem cells to replace, dysfunctional β cells / insulin-producing cells ;
so stem cells would only need to be introduced into a specific part of the body ;
whereas (in the case of type 2) cells all over the body are dysfunctional ;
and so cannot be replaced / much more difficult to replace them all ;
use of stem cells may be preferable to transplants as less invasive / fewer side-effects / no need
to wait for suitable donor ;
use of patients own adult stem cells (instead of transplants or embryonic stem cells) avoids
immunological rejection / need for immunosuppressant drugs ;
use of adult rather than embryonic stem cells avoids ethical issues about sourcing ;
in (advanced cases) of type 2 diabetic patients where pancreas is deteriorating β cell transplant
may be of benefit but not a complete solution ;
need to understand more about what causes type 2 ; [max 8]
[Total: 8]
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Section C
Marking Strategy
Sequence of maker activities for each essay
1. Familiarise yourself with the expected content.
2. Read through the essay.
3. Write marginal notes on script, highlight evidence of breadth, exemplification and argumentation
as well as major and minor errors of fact and irrelevant material.
4. Apply the general descriptions for
• Breadth
• Argumentation
• Communication
• Spelling, punctuation and grammar.
5. Match the content of the essay with a descriptor for Scientific Content (20, 16, 12, 8, 4, 0 as
appropriate) and then decide whether
• all sub-descriptors at that level have been met so that the full mark for that level can be
awarded
• three out of the four sub-descriptors have been met so that intermediate marks can be
awarded (18, 14, 10, 6, 2)
• one or two of the sub-descriptors at that level have been met so that the full mark for the
level below can be awarded.
Marks should be written at the end of the essay as follows
B = ………
A = ………
C = ………
S = ………
SC = ………
Total = ………
Breadth Maximum 3 marks
Mark Descriptors
Candidate has:
given a balanced account including most of the relevant topic areas and selected a wide
3
range of facts, principles, concepts and / or examples pertinent to the title
given a fairly balanced account including some of the relevant topic areas and selected
2
some of the appropriate facts, principles, concepts and / or examples pertinent to the title
given an account including a few of the relevant topic areas and selected a few of the
1
appropriate facts, principles, concepts and / or examples pertinent to the title
given an account that relies on one topic area alone and selected a few of the appropriate
0
facts, principles, concepts and / or examples pertinent to the title.
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Argumentation Maximum 3 marks
Mark Descriptors
Candidate has:
developed and sustained a coherent argument throughout the essay leading to an

3
appropriate conclusion showing insight
introduced an argument and partially developed it but has not sustained it coherently
2
throughout the essay
1 shown evidence of an argument, but has not developed it successfully
0 shown no evidence of argumentation
Communication Maximum 2 marks
Mark Descriptors
Candidate has:
organised and presented information clearly and used correct terminology in appropriate
2
contexts
not organised material very well and not used terminology appropriately so that answer
1
has to be re-read
0 presented an unstructured answer with poor use of terminology
Spelling, punctuation and grammar Maximum 2 marks
Mark Descriptors
Candidate has:
2 used spelling, punctuation and grammar accurately
1 used spelling, punctuation and grammar accurately, but has made significant errors
0 not used spelling, punctuation and grammar accurately
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Scientific Content Maximum 20 marks

Mark Descriptors
The candidate:
a recalls and consistently uses all facts and principles (relevant to the essay)
b shows sound understanding of all principles and concepts

20
c writes accurately with no major errors, very few minor errors
gives detail fully in keeping with that expected of candidates at the end of a programme of
d
study designed to prepare candidates for university
a recalls and consistently uses most facts and principles (relevant to the essay)
b shows sound understanding of most principles and concepts

16
c writes accurately with no major errors, few minor errors
d
a recalls and consistently uses some facts and principles (relevant to the essay)
b shows sound understanding of some principles and concepts

12
c writes some material accurately with not more than one major error, some minor errors
d
a recalls some facts and principles (relevant to the essay)
b shows some understanding of some principles and concepts

8
c writes some material accurately with more than one major error or many minor errors
gives some detail appropriate for that expected of candidates at the end of a programme
d
of study designed to prepare candidates for university
a recalls a few facts and principles (relevant to the essay)
b shows limited understanding of a few principles and concepts

4
c writes material including many errors some of which may be major errors
gives a little detail appropriate for that expected of candidates at the end of a programme
d
of study designed to prepare candidates for university
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a recalls no relevant facts and principles
b shows no understanding of relevant principles and concepts

0
c writes irrelevant material or includes many major errors
gives no detail appropriate for that expected of candidates at the end of a programme of
d
Expected content
For each of the questions, guidance is given as to the kind of content from the syllabus that may be
appropriate to answering the question. Some candidates will include all of these areas and others
may write in more detail about these or may include other relevant topics, in each case reflecting the
candidate’s reading-around the subject and personal research and other interests. Some topics both
in the candidate’s answers and in the following expected content may not be directly on the syllabus,
but it is important to credit such responses where they are given and thus they are included here.
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8 ‘There is no evolutionary advantage in being multicellular’.
Discuss this view.
Candidates should discuss both points of view implicit in the question drawing on examples
across the range of organisms studied. As much emphasis should be put on the biology of
unicellular / acellular organisms as that of multicellular. An essay devoted almost entirely to
animals, specifically mammals or humans is unbalanced and will not score well. Candidates
should have studied several species of unicellular protoctist so should be able to draw on their
own observations.
The following syllabus sections are most directly relevant: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.3, 3.1, 5.1.
specified range of multicellular organisms to include animals, plants, many fungi, some protoctists
e.g. some algae
specified range of acellular / unicellular organisms include prokaryotes / bacteria, some

protoctists / fungi, e.g. yeasts
prokaryotes evolved, first / about 3500 million years ago
discussion of meaning of evolutionary advantage / more likely to survive / more successful /

abundant / long-lasting / diverse
could argue that prokaryotes / unicells are more successful
(perhaps) greater biomass than eukaryotes / multicellular organisms
greater numbers / more ubiquitous / AW
still present and successful (after 3500 million years)
(perhaps) more likely to survive natural disasters / survive in wider range/extreme of physical
conditions
great diversity of types of metabolism amongst prokaryotes / unicells
some prokaryotes can both photosynthesise and fix nitrogen / ref unicells forming symbioses with
fungi as lichens and their even greater success in these associations
all multicellular organisms are eukaryotes
ref eukaryotic cells being symbiotic unions of previously separate cells / endosymbiosis
(perhaps) suggesting symbiotic unions superior to prokaryotes
ref structural diversity of multicellular organisms / complexity / variety of behaviour
ref to advantages of division of labour between organs / specialised cells
ref to the greater potential of compartmentalisation
discussion with respect to evolution
evolutionary dogma is that fitness to survive increases with natural selection
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15
therefore most recently evolved life forms should be superior
this is a flawed argument because natural selection operates on all species all the time
therefore current life forms have equal status in terms of success / can only judge on basis of
future possibilities
could consider further the particular example of humans
humans have more control over environment than any other organism
they are a product of an evolutionary trend towards greater complexity
perhaps control over environment may be greater evolutionary advantage than adaptation to
change
9 All living organisms need to synthesise ATP. Explain the similarities and differences
between organisms in the ways in which this is achieved.
Candidates should avoid lengthy descriptions of respiration and photosynthesis but should
attempt to highlight underlying similarities and difference in whatever it is they are
comparing.
Comparisons can be made between production of ATP in glycolysis and Krebs cycle by
substrate-linked phosphorylation and production in chloroplast and mitochondria by
chemiosmosis.
Further points can be made by considering chemiosmosis in prokaryotes. Wider consideration

can be included by discussing energy sources in different forms of nutrition.
The following syllabus sections are most directly relevant: 1.1, 1.5, 2.2, 4.2.
Chemotrophs and phototrophs
source of energy to make ATP may be chemical (chemotrophs) or light (phototrophs)
all animals, fungi and most bacteria are chemotrophic
all plants, algae and some bacteria are phototrophic
most phototrophs are photosynthetic, using carbon dioxide as a source of carbon
aerobic and anaerobic respiration
all organisms / cells make ATP as a result of respiration
respiration is oxidation of a chemical to release energy which is used to make ATP
in aerobic respiration oxygen is final electron acceptor, not in anaerobic
a few bacteria are obligate anaerobes, but most organisms can do both
anaerobic is less efficient than aerobic in terms of ATP per molecule of glucose, but can be more
rapid and is a useful supplement when ATP becomes limiting, e.g. when oxygen shortage
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main pathways of aerobic common to all aerobic cells/organisms (glycolysis and Krebs)
if respiration is anaerobic only glycolysis occurs, not Krebs
dehydrogenation and transfer of hydrogen to coenzyme NAD
substrate-linked phosphorylation, described
oxidative phosphorylation occurs in aerobic (electron transport linked to synthesis of ATP)
hydrogen oxidised to water using oxygen in respiratory chain to release much energy
role of hydrogen carriers and respiratory chain
ref to numbers of ATP per reduced NAD and per reduced FAD
total ATP per glucose for aerobic – accept answers within range 30 to 38 per molecule of glucose
only 2 ATP per molecule of glucose for anaerobic
requires membranes / mitochondria
prokaryotes do not have mitochondria – use plasma membrane
description of chemiosmosis including role of ATP synthase
glucose not only source of energy – many other carbohydrates, as well as fats (triglycerides) and
amino acids / proteins can be used
enzymes convert these to intermediates which can feed into common pathways of glycolysis and
Krebs
anaerobic respiration in fungi (yeast), plants and animals (and bacteria)
reduced NAD recycled so glycolysis not prevented (by end product inhibition)
pyruvate to lactate in animals
pyruvate to ethanal to ethanol in yeast and plants
some anaerobic bacteria use an inorganic molecule as a final electron acceptor, e.g. Archaea
use carbon dioxide to make methane, Desulfovibrio uses sulfate to make hydrogen sulfide,
Escherichia coli uses nitrate to make nitrite.
anaerobic respiration in microbes
A form of anaerobic respiration in microorganisms in which an organic molecule is the final

electron acceptor
e.g. pyruvate to lactate (e.g. Streptococcus lactis)
e.g. pyruvate to ethanol (ethanal is electron acceptor), e.g. yeast
bacteria very versatile – many different fermentation products
aerobic respiration in prokaryotes / chemoautotrophs (vs chemoheterotrophs) ;
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inorganic molecules sometimes used as electron acceptors by prokaryotes e.g.

chemoautotrophic bacteria (chemosynthesis)
e.g. nitrifying bacteria – energy from oxidation of inorganic substances during respiration
(ammonia and nitrite)
ammonium Nitrosomonas nitrite + ATP Nitrobacter nitrate + ATP
ref to the nitrogen cycle
also Rhizobium, Sulfolobus, some sulfur bacteria, deep sea hydrothermal vents, methanogens
(Archaebacteria)
photosynthesis
ATP manufacture as a result of aerobic respiration and light-dependent reactions of

photosynthesis. Harnessing energy from electron flow / redox reactions on membranes in
specialised organelles and requires a hydrogen (electron) donor (e.g. glucose, water, hydrogen
sulfide).
ATP also made during light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
underlying similarity with respiration is that ATP made on membranes in specialised organelle by
process of chemiosmosis as a result of electron flow from electron donor to electron acceptor
organelle = chloroplast
thylakoids equivalent to cristae
energy source is light (not oxidation of chemicals) – photophosphorylation
water = electron donor to PSII (electron donor usually organic molecule in respiration)
cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation
in cyclic, PSI (chlorophyll) is electron donor and acceptor
final electron acceptor for non-cyclic is NADP (compare NAD in respiration)
prokaryotes, algae, C3 and C4 plants
photosynthetic bacteria do not have chloroplasts but do have membranes, e.g. blue green
bacteria
algae have simpler membrane systems than plants (no true grana)
C4 plants have larger grana than C3 plants for more efficient use of light energy
more ATP needed to drive photosynthesis than C3 plants
photoheterotrophs
photoheterotrophs a special case – organic source of carbon but use light as source of energy
e.g. ocean planktonic bacteria
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10 Why do people get heart disease and what should be done about it?
Answers should be divided between discussion of risk factors for heart disease and ways in
which the community (governments, health authorities, etc.) and individuals can reduce incidence
/ prevalence of heart disease and the methods of the treatment for those with the disease
The following syllabus section is most directly relevant: 3.1.
risk factors for heart disease
e.g. age, ethnicity, sex (males), heredity, smoking, lack of exercise, diet, obesity, diabetes, high
blood pressure
heart disease and its aetiology
coronary heart disease
description of supply of oxygenated blood to heart by coronary arteries
damage to coronary arteries, e.g. by high blood pressure
role of LDLs in transporting fatty acids and cholesterol to organs
LDLs accumulate in wall of coronary artery lead to plaque
atheroma / atherosclerosis
occlusion of lumen / blood flow becomes uneven / plaque bursts
increased chance of blood clotting in artery
ref to angina / heart attack
HDLs transport cholesterol to liver
reduce chances of plaque developing
explanation of effects of risk factors
oestrogen provides protection
heredity, e.g. familial hypercholesterolaemia ; platelet glycoprotein receptor gene involved in

blood clotting ; apolipoprotein E (APOE) involved in lipoprotein particles
treatments
inserting stents
angioplasty
coronary by-pass surgery
heart transplants
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discussion of pros and cons of different treatments
preventive medicine
screen for those at risk
discussion of thresholds for determining people who need intervention to reduce risk
intervention could be determined by individual (e.g. diet, weight loss, etc.) or a medical
intervention, such as drug treatment
statins to lower blood cholesterol concentrations
ref to mode of action: inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase involved in production of
cholesterol in liver
warfarin used as an anticoagulant
ref to mode of action: vitamin K antagonist (inhibits enzyme that recycles oxidised vitamin K to its
reduced form after it has participated in the carboxylation of e.g. prothrombin and factor VII)
β blockers to reduce blood pressure
ref to mode of action: block receptor sites for adrenaline and noradrenaline in heart
ref to control of the heart by sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
actions that can be taken by individuals to reduce risk
improve diet, reduce weight, have regular check-ups, take exercise, stop smoking
actions that can be taken by community to reduce incidence / prevalence of heart disease
idea that prevention is cheaper than treatment, but untargeted programmes are often not cost
effective
provide information to, those at risk / whole population
provide facilities for people to take exercise
advertise about dangers of choices that put people at risk, e.g. smoking
provide funding for drug treatments, e.g. statins
fund research to evaluate effectiveness of different preventative measures
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SM/13

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BLANK PAGE
© UCIE 2011 9790/02/SM/13

Principal Subject
BIOLOGY 9790/03
Paper 3 Practical Examination For Examination from 2013
SPECIMEN CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

2 hours 30 minutes
Great care should be taken to ensure that any confidential information given does not reach the
candidates either directly or indirectly.
© UCLES 2011 [Turn over

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Instructions for preparing apparatus
These instructions give details of the apparatus and materials required by each candidate for this
paper. Sufficient information is given to permit the Centre to set up and test the apparatus and
materials so that the candidates can be fairly assessed. No access to the question paper is
permitted in advance of the examination.
If a candidate breaks any of the apparatus, or loses any of the material supplied, the matter should be
rectified and a note made on the supervisor’s report.
Candidates must be provided with a microscope with:
• Low-power objective lens, e.g. ×10 (equal to 16 mm or 2/3”)
• High-power objective lens, e.g. ×40 (equal to 4 mm or 1/6”)
• Eyepiece graticule fitted within the eyepiece and visible in focus at the same time as the
specimen.
Each candidate should have sole, uninterrupted, use of the microscope for at least 35 minutes.
Supervisors are advised to remind all candidates that all substances in the examination should be
treated with caution. Pipette fillers and safety goggles should be used when necessary.
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Supervisors are advised to remind candidates that all substances in the examination should be
treated with caution. Only those tests described in the question paper should be attempted.
In accordance with the COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) Regulations, operative
in the UK, a hazard appraisal of the examination has been carried out.
Attention is drawn in particular to certain materials used in the examination. The following codes are
used where relevant.
C = corrosive substance F = highly flammable substance

H = harmful or irritating substance O = oxidising substance
T = toxic substance N = dangerous to the environment
The attention of Supervisors is drawn to any local regulations relating to safety, first-aid and disposal
of chemicals.
‘Hazard Data Sheets’, relating to materials used in this examination, should be available from your
chemical supplier.
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SI/13

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Instructions to Supervisors
Each candidate must be provided with the following apparatus and materials for Section A only.
To be supplied by the Centre.
Question 1
Each candidate will require, for a period of 90 minutes:
(i) 100 cm3 of full fat milk in a beaker labelled milk.
(ii) 50 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution in a beaker labelled sodium carbonate solution.
This must be prepared as follows:
Add 95 cm3 distilled or de-ionised water to 0.3 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, stir to
dissolve and then add distilled or de-ionised water to make up to 100 cm3.
[F] (iii) 10 cm3 of phenolphthalein solution in a beaker or dropping bottle labelled

phenolphthalein. This solution is flammable.
(iv) 20 cm3 of 1% lipase solution in a beaker labelled lipase solution. This must be prepared
as follows:
Dissolve 1 g of lipase in 50 cm3 of cold distilled or de-ionised water and stir thoroughly.
Make up to 100 cm3 with more water.
The solution must be prepared just before the examination.
(v) 20 cm3 of 5% bile salts (sodium tauroglycocholate) solution in a beaker labelled 5% bile
salts solution. This must be prepared as follows:
Add 95 cm3 distilled or de-ionised water to 5.0 g sodium tauroglycocholate, stir to dissolve
and then add distilled or de-ionised water to make up to 100 cm3.
(vi) 50 cm3 of distilled or deionised water provided in a beaker labelled water.
(vii) Twelve test-tubes (e.g. 12 × 1.4 cm); test-tube rack or racks; one bung to fit all test-tubes;
test-tube holders; one dropping pipette; glass rod; permanent marker pen or other suitable
way to label glassware.
(viii) Five small beakers, e.g. 50 cm3 or 100 cm3 for candidates to prepare their bile salts
solutions.
(ix) Stopwatch, stop clock or bench timer.
(x) 2 × 10 cm3 syringes; 2 × 2 cm3 syringes and 2 × 1 cm3 syringes.
(xi) One 600 cm3 beaker to act as a water bath; thermometer.

Candidates must not use thermostatically-controlled water baths, but they should have
access to one to collect water at 55 – 60 °C.
(xii) A beaker of water labelled washing water.
(xiii) Beaker for waste water labelled waste.
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4
(xiv) Paper towels.
Centres are advised to have stocks of the milk, lipase solution, sodium carbonate solution and bile
salts solution available for candidates.
Extra supplies of test-tubes and other glassware should also be available should candidates require
them.
Sodium tauroglycocholate may obtained from science education suppliers.
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SI/13

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Question 2
Each candidate must have sole use of a microscope for 35 minutes.
(i) Hand lens, e.g. ×10.
(ii) Slides R1 and R2.
R1 is a transverse section of the spinal cord of a small mammal. R2 is a transverse

section of a small mammal cerebellum. Suitable prepared slides may be obtained from
science education suppliers.
(iii) Candidates must be provided with a microscope with:
• Low-power objective lens, e.g. ×10 (equal to 16 mm or 2/3”)
• High-power objective lens, e.g. ×40 (equal to 4 mm or 1/6”)
• Eyepiece graticule fitted within the eyepiece and visible in focus at the same time as
the specimen.
(iv) Plastic ruler (mm / cm).
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SI/13

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BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SI/13

Principal Subject
BIOLOGY 9790/03
Paper 3 Practical Examination For Examination from 2013
SPECIMEN PAPER
2 hours 30 minutes
Additional Materials: As listed on the Confidential Instructions.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Section A
Section B
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiner's Use
Section A
Section B
Total
This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

2
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

3
Section A For
Examiner's
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use
1 You are recommended to spend no longer than 90 minutes on question 1.
You should read through the whole of this question carefully and then plan your use of the
time to make sure that you finish all the work that you would like to do.
The enzyme lipase catalyses the hydrolysis of ester bonds in triglycerides. Its activity is
affected by the presence of bile salts.
Full fat milk will be used as the source of triglycerides.
You are to investigate the effect of different concentrations of bile salts on the rate of
hydrolysis of triglycerides in milk.
You are provided with a 1% solution of lipase and a 5% solution of bile salts.
Proceed as instructed in steps 1 to 9.
1 Use the syringes and the small beakers to prepare a number of different concentrations
of bile salts using the 5% bile salts solution and water provided. You will need a
maximum of 10 cm3 of each bile salts solution.
(a) Complete the table below to show how you have prepared the different solutions.
final concentration of bile volume of 5% bile salts

volume of water / cm3
salts /% solution / cm3
[3]
(b) Suggest suitable controls for this experiment.
[2]
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2 Label test-tubes with the concentrations of bile salts you have prepared and for your For
control or controls. Examiner's
Use
3 Prepare the labelled test-tubes with milk, sodium carbonate solution, bile salts solutions
and phenolphthalein as necessary using the following quantities where appropriate:
• 5.0 cm3 of milk

• 5.0 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution
• 1.0 cm3 of the appropriate bile salts solution
• three drops of phenolphthalein
4 Put a bung into each test-tube in turn and invert twice so that the contents are a
uniform pink colour.
5 Put some warm water in a beaker to act as a water bath. The beaker should be about
half-full. Adjust the temperature of the water to 50 oC (+/ – 2 oC).
6 Place the test-tubes prepared in step 3 into the water bath.
7 Stir the lipase solution with the glass rod provided. Put 2.0 cm3 of the lipase solution
into the same number of labelled clean test-tubes as you used in step 2, and place
them in the water bath.
8 Prepare the space on page 5 to record your results.
(c) (i) The pink colour of the phenolphthalein will fade over time.
State how this is used to gain information about the rate of hydrolysis of the lipid in
the milk by lipase.
[3]
(ii) Measure and record the temperature in the water bath at appropriate points during
the experiment in the space below.
[1]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

5
9 After the test-tubes have been in the water bath for at least five minutes, add the For
lipase solution to the test-tubes containing the milk and bile salts solutions. Examiner's
Use
Immediately after adding the lipase solution insert a bung into each test-tube and
invert twice to mix the contents.
(d) You should record your results to show the effect of bile salts on the rate of triglyceride
hydrolysis by lipase in a logical way in the space below.
Record and justify any further decisions that you make about your investigation in the
space below the table.
[8]
[3]

6
(e) Plot a graph of your results on the graph paper provided. For
Examiner's
Use
[5]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

7
(f) Describe and explain the pattern of results shown by your graph. For
Examiner's
Use
[10]

8
(g) Identify the limitations and sources of error in this investigation. For
Examiner's
Explain how you would improve the method you used in this investigation to give more Use
accurate and reliable results.
[10]
[Total: 45]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

9
BLANK PAGE

10
Section B For
Examiner's
Use
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
2 You should not take longer than 60 minutes to complete question 2.
You should read through the whole of this question carefully and then plan your use of the
time to make sure that you finish all the work that you would like to do.
R1 is a transverse section of the spinal cord of a small mammal.
(a) (i) Make a low power plan drawing of R1.
Label your plan drawing.
[6]
(ii) Use a ruler to measure the actual size of the specimen on slide R1 and the size of
your drawing between the same points. Put a line on your drawing to show the size
that you have measured. Calculate the magnification of your drawing.
Show your working.
magnification …………….………………… [2]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

11
(b) Use the high power lens of your microscope to locate a cell body of a motor neurone in For
R1. Examiner's
Use
Make a labelled drawing to show the cell body.

Annotate your drawing to indicate the functions of the structures you have drawn.
Use the eyepiece graticule and slide micrometer to measure the diameter of the cell
body. Indicate the actual diameter on your drawing and show how you have derived
your answer.
[8]
(c) Slide R2 is a transverse section of part of the brain of a small mammal.
Compare, using a hand lens and your microscope, the structure and appearance of R1
and R2.
Present your comparison as a table in the space below.
[5]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

12
(d) Fig. 2.1 is an electron micrograph that shows a cross section of a neurone. For
Examiner's
Use
Fig 2.1
(i) Describe the appearance of the section of the neurone. You may use drawings or
diagrams to illustrate your answer.
[5]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

13
(ii) Explain how the structural features you describe in (i) are related to the function of For
the neurone. Examiner's
Use
[4]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

14
(e) Fig. 2.2 is an electron micrograph that shows a junction between two neurones in the For
brain. Examiner's
Use
Fig 2.2
Identify structures A and B and relate the appearance of these structures to their
function. You may use the space opposite for any diagrams you may wish to draw to
illustrate your answer.
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

15
For
Examiner's
Use
[5]
[Total: 35]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

16
BLANK PAGE
Question 2 Figure 2.1 Myelinated neuron, Road not taken © Wikimedia Commons.
Question 2 Figure 2.2 Synapse nerve junction, © Thomas Deerinck, NCMIR/Science Photo Library
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SP/2013

Principal Subject
BIOLOGY 9790/03
Paper 3 Practical Examination For examination from 2013
2 hours 30 minutes
MAXIMUM MARK: 80

2
Section A
Question Sections Indicative material Mark

1 (a) MMO at least five different concentrations of bile salts ;
could include 0%
Decision control (water) included ;
making dilutions agree with concentrations chosen ; [3]
(b) MMO 0% / water ;

Decision use boiled lipase ; [2]
making
(c) (i) MMO idea of found end point when pink colour just no longer
visible ;
Decision indicates when pH decreases to certain level ;
making as fatty acids neutralise sodium carbonate / AW ; [3]
(ii) MMO temperature within range 50 ± 2 °C at every one of at least

Collection three readings ; [1]
(d) MMO at least five results obtained and recorded in seconds ;

Collection times vary across tubes so that lower concentrations
generally have longer times ;
monotonic sequence of times vs. concentration ;
replicates and means included ;
data recorded as a single table ;

table includes columns for raw data (bile salts concentration,
time taken) and calculated values (rate) ;
Presentation appropriate column headings with units in column

of data headings ;
RDO e.g. bile salts concentration (%), time taken (s), rate (s–1)
independent variable (bile salts concentration) in left hand
column ;
results recorded to same degree of precision within each
column ; [7 max]
Display of rates calculated and given to appropriate significant figures ; [1]

calculation
and reasoning
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SM/13

3
MMO accept three separate decisions even if not justified

Decision
making use of tube without phenolphthalein as colour comparator ;
to identify end point ;
ref to including bile salts in colour comparator ;

as bile salts give colour to milk ;
use replicates ;
to check on reliability / repeatability ;
R accuracy / precision
AVP ;; e.g. when to start timer [max 3]
(e) Presentation line graph, bile salts concentration on horizontal axis ;

of data ecf if time plotted, not rate
Graph axes scaled correctly using at least half the graph paper ;
axes titles and units – rate (ecf from the table) and
concentration ;
points plotted accurately ;
appropriate line that is not extrapolated beyond highest
concentration ;
if rate plotted line starts at the origin
R if broken axis A not at origin if time plotted [5]
(f) Analysis of increase in, rate / activity, with increase in concentration of

data and bile salts ; A ref to decrease in time as ecf
conclusions comparative data quote ; % bile salts and rate/time at two
different concentrations
Description of ref to shape, e.g. straight line / exponential / plateau ;

patterns and ref to anomalous result(s) ; A ‘no anomalous results’ [max 3]
trends
Analysis of bile salts emulsify fats ;

data and bile salts promote formation of micelles ;
conclusions ref to hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends of each molecule ;
increase surface area of, globules / AW ;
Making effectively increase substrate concentration ;

conclusions lipase can only act on the surface of globules ;
drawing on not water soluble ;
theoretical hydrolysis / breakage, of ester bonds ;
knowledge release of fatty acids (and glycerol) ;
and higher concentration of bile salts results in, more
understanding emulsification / higher substrate concentration ;
AVP ; [max 7]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SM/13 [Turn over

4
(g) Evaluation of procedures and data

Identifying limitations and sources of Suggesting improvements
error
reliability only one sample per concentration / ref to at least three samples, mean /
no repeats / not enough repeats / standard deviation / standard error ;
should have been repeated ;
end point / end point difficult to judge ; use colour standard ; R colorimeter
timing so that end point may not have been
the same in each case ;
stated problem with timing ; note that ref to improved timing method ; R have
stopwatch should be started before someone else to start the stopwatch
mixing
e.g. times all overestimates as started way to slow down the reaction e.g. lower
stop watch before adding lipase temperature / more milk ;
rates therefore underestimates ;
set up separately / staggered start ;
indicator ref to drops of phenolphthalein being use, pH meter / pH probe and data logger /
inaccurate / AW ; more sensitive indicator ;
use set volume of phenolphthalein ;
colour changes over a range of pH ; record time to reach constant pH ;
precision in stated problem with syringe(s) ; use, graduated pipette(s) / burette /

preparation A air bubbles / precision explained micropipette ;
R liquid in nozzle
ref to, uncertainty / percentage error ;
temperature problem with maintaining constant use thermostatically-controlled water bath ;

temperature ;
data quote from (c) (ii) ;
rate of reaction / activity, depends on
temperature ;
results ref to anomalous results ; ref to discard / repeat ;

difficult to identify line of best fit / AW ;
ref to, range / error, bars ; use SD / SE / 95%CI as error bars ;
not enough intermediate
concentrations to determine trend ; stated intermediate concentrations ;
not wide enough range of
concentrations ; use concentrations of bile salts > 5%
[10]
[Total: 45]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SM/13

5
Section B

2 (a) (i) Presentation drawing made with clear, complete lines ; [1]
of data
RDO
MMO correct outline ;
Collection central canal ;
outline of grey matter shown appropriately ;
labels
grey matter, white matter ;
meninges / AW / connective tissue / blood vessel(s) ;
dorsal fissure / ventral fissure / dorsal horn / ventral horn ; [5]
(ii) Analysis of size of specimen and drawing recorded to nearest mm and

data and calculation given as image size/actual size ; [1]
conclusions
Display of correct answer given for quoted size with no more significant
calculation figure than size with lowest number of significant figure ; [1]
and
reasoning
(b) Presentation drawing made with clear, complete lines ;
of data
RDO drawing shows clear cellular detail of the motor neurone cell
body ;
e.g. nucleus, nucleolus, (Nissl) granules / bodies [2]
MMO labels
Collection dendron(s) / axon ;
nucleus, nucleolus ;
(granular) cytoplasm ; [3]
Analysis of annotations
data and reception of impulses from, sensory neurones / interneurones ;
conclusions
Interpretation initiating impulses to effectors ; [2]

of data and
observations
Analysis of diameter of cell body given with appropriate unit with correct
data and derivation ;
conclusions
Display of calibration may be given or may already be known – but to

calculation gain the mark the calculation showing conversion of eyepiece
and units to micrometres must be clear
reasoning accept result in mm/m expressed in standard form notation [1]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SM/13 [Turn over

6

(c) Presentation table with column for features to compare – must be direct
of data comparisons ; [1]
RDO
MMO max 2 if not direct comparisons between the two sides of

Collection the table
• part of brain vs. entire spinal cord ;
• much more folded surface of brain vs. few folds in
spinal cord surface ;
• larger surface area (to volume ratio) of brain vs. smaller
surface area of spinal cord ;
• 3 (accept 4) layers in brain vs. 2 layers in spinal cord ;
• grey matter of brain multilayered / AW vs.
homogeneous grey matter of spinal cord ;
• cell bodies concentrated in lower part of grey matter in
brain vs. distributed throughout grey matter in spinal
cord ;
• Purkyne cells / other named cells in brain vs. no such
cells in spinal cord ;
• AVP (other valid comparisons) ;; [max 4]
(d) (i) MMO axon / dendron, surrounded by myelin ;

Recording myelin formed from layers of membrane ;
data and membrane is rich in (phospho) lipid ;
observations electron dense / AW for appearance in EM ;
Schwann / glial, cell ;
with, cytoplasm / nucleus ;
section is in, intermodal region / AW ;
axon is, thin / 500 – 1000 nm diameter ;
axon contains, mitochondrion / few organelles ;
AVP ; e.g. surrounding fibres / collagen [max 5]
(ii) Analysis of myelin is insulator ;

data and tissue fluid excluded from axon membrane ;
conclusions no action potentials / only occur at nodes ;
ref to saltatory conduction of impulses ;
Interpretation high speed ;

of data and axon can be thin / thick axons needed for fast conduction in
observations unmyelinated neurones ;
idea that saves materials and energy as not necessary to
maintain extra cytoplasm and channels and pumps in axon
membrane in intermodal regions ; [max 4]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SM/13

7
(e) Analysis of A – presynaptic (neurone) ;

data and B – postsynaptic (neurone) ;
conclusions accept sensory and motor / interneurone
Interpretation synaptic vesicles in A ;

of data and contain neurotransmitter ;
observations impulses only travel in one direction across synapses / AW ;
synaptic, gap / cleft ;
mitochondria to provide energy ;

AVP ; [max 5]
[Total: 35]
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SM/13

8
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2011 9790/03/SM/13

University of Cambridge International Examinations
1 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB1 2EU, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1223 553554 Fax: +44 1223 553558
Email: international@cie.org.uk Website: www.cie.org.uk
© University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011

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Cambridge Pre-U Specimen Papers

and Mark Schemes

Cambridge International Level 3

For use from 2011 onwards

For use from 2011 onwards

Copyright © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2011

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

Section A For Examiner's Use

This document consists of 31 printed pages and 1 blank page.

© UCIE 2011 [Turn over

type of microscope wavelength / µm resolving power / µm

light microscope 0.8 0.4

ultra-violet microscope 0.2 0.1

electron microscope 0.005 0.0025

chloroplast, Escherichia ribosome, thickness of

chloroplast, Escherichia ribosome, thickness of

telomeres telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)

A present in eukaryotes uses RNA as a template to make single stranded DNA

D present in prokaryotes uses RNA as a template to make single stranded DNA

3 The enzyme phosphofructokinase is involved in phosphorylation of hexose phosphate

Deduce which of the following is a description of this enzyme.

shape of binding site(s) substrate products

A no allosteric site, active site hexose hexose phosphate

B allosteric site complementary to hexose phosphate hexose phosphate

C allosteric site complementary to hexose phosphate hexose bisphosphate

D no allosteric site, active site hexose bisphosphate two triose phosphate

© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

Which words correctly complete the numbered gaps?

B calcium ions exocytosis acetylcholine diffusion sodium ion

D sodium ions endocytosis acetylcholine diffusion calcium ion

5 The diagram shows the major components of the lac operon.

Which statement is correct?

A 1 is a ribosome, 2 is a t-RNA molecule and 3 is a phosphorylated amino acid, the

B 1 is mRNA polymerase, 2 is β-galactosidase, the inducer and 3 is the repressor, so

C 1 is mRNA polymerase, 2 is the repressor and 3 is lactose, the inducer, so lactose-

D 1 is the repressor, 2 is a β-galactosidase molecule and 3 is lactose, the promoter, so

© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

crime scene sample PCR ethidium bromide

A red blood cells

7 A symbiont may be defined as a species in which individuals live in a long-term, intimate

Which statement provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are

A Proteins encoded by the nucleus are exported to these organelles.

C They are surrounded by double membrane.

D They contain their own ribosomes.

© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

• Each polypeptide is made up of two β-pleated β-pleated sheet regions

• This allows the three polypeptides to pack

Which row correctly describes the structure of vicilin?

© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

range of characteristic(s) regulated by alleles

range of characteristic(s) regulated by alleles

In which species does evolution take place?

© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13 [Turn over

Which change is responsible for the Bohr effect?

A a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen

B a decrease in the temperature of the blood

C an increase in pH of the blood

D an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide

© UCIE 2011 9790/01/SP/13

2 A prokaryote ribosome consists of two subunits, one of 50 S and one of 30 S.

3 In prokaryotes, ribosomes translate mRNA in the same cellular compartment in which

5 A prokaryote ribosome can accommodate only one amino acyl-tRNA at a time.