VISIONIAS

www.visionias.in

Test Booklet Series

TEST BOOKLET

GENERAL STUDIES (P) 2018 – Test–2446

C
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200

INSTRUCTIONS

1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK THAT THIS BOOKLET
DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TURN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS, ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A
COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.

2. ENCODE CLEARLY THE TEST BOOKLET SERIES A, B, C OR D AS THE CASE MAY BE IN THE APPROPRIATE PLACE IN
THE ANSWER SHEET.

3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet in the Box
provided alongside. Do NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.

4. This Test Booklet contains 100 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you
feel that there is more than one correct response with you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE
response for each item.

5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See direction in the
answers sheet.

6. All items carry equal marks. Attempt all items. Your total marks will depend only on the number of correct
responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect response 1/3rdof the allotted marks will be
deducted.

7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer sheet the response to various items in the Test booklet, you have to
fill in some particulars in the answer sheets as per instruction sent to you with your Admission Certificate.

8. After you have completed filling in all responses on the answer sheet and the examination has concluded, you
should hand over to Invigilator only the answer sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test
Booklet.

9. Sheet for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
1. Consider the following statements with 4. Which of the following processes can be
respect to Conservation Tillage: categorized as part of „In situ
1. It is a method of soil cultivation and bioremediation‟?
crop management. 1. Bioventing
2. It decreases leaching of nutrients in the 2. Biosparging
soil.
3. Landforming
3. It does not leave residue from the
Select the correct answer using the code
previous crops in the field.
given below.
Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 and 2 only
correct?
(b) 2 and 3 only
(a) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

(d) 1, 2 and 3
5. With respect to International Maritime

2. Which of the following statements is/are Organization (IMO), consider the following
correct with regard to Paris Climate statements:
Agreement? 1. It is a specialized agency of United
1. Its long-term goal is to keep the increase Nation.
in global average temperature to 2. Its aim is to improve the safety and
well below 2°C above pre-industrial security of international shipping and to
levels. prevent pollution from ships.
2. The agreement will enter into force from
3. India is not a member country of IMO.
2020.
Which of the statements given above is/are
3. USA has announced its withdrawal from
correct?
the agreement.
(a) 2 only
Select the correct answer using the code
(b) 1, 2 and 3
given below.
(c) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3 6. With reference to ecology, the term
„standing state‟ refers to
3. Among the algae that inhabit the sea, which (a) the amount of inorganic nutrients present
is likely to be found in the deepest waters? in the soil at any given time.
(a) Red algae (b) the time it takes for a seed to germinate.
(b) Green algae (c) the population of a species in an area.
(c) Brown algae (d) the average life of an organism in its
(d) None of the above
natural habitat.
2 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
7. Which of the following statements best 10. Recently, India became the member of
describes the term 'Ecotype'? Wassennar Arrangement. Consider the
(a) It is a type of artificial ecosystem that following statements in this regard:
provides an alternative to a species for 1. It is group of countries that seek to
growth and survival. control export of conventional arms and
(b) It is a transition area between two dual-use goods and technologies.
biomes where communities interact. 2. All the permanent members of UNSC
(c) It is a genetically distinct variety within are member of this group.
a species, which is adapted to specific Which of the statements given above is/are
environmental conditions. correct?
(d) It is a type of ecosystem in which (a) 1 only
inherent balance is maintained between
(b) 2 only
biotic and abiotic components.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
8. The effectiveness of any greenhouse gas
molecule will depend on which of the
11. 'They are species that have a
following factors?
disproportionately large effect on their
1. Magnitude of the increase in its
environment relative to their abundance.
concentration
Such species are important in determining
2. Lifetime in the atmosphere
the ability of a large number of other species
3. Wavelength of the radiation it absorbs
to persist in the community.'
Select the correct answer using the code
The above paragraph describes which of the
given below.
following type of species?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) Threatened species
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(b) Indicator species
(c) 2 only
(c) Keystone species
(d) 1 only
(d) Flagship species

9. With reference to sources of energy, the term

2nd generation biofuel usually refers to the 12. Consider the following international

biofuels agreements:

(a) which are made from non food 1. Vienna Convention

feedstocks. 2. Bonn Convention
(b) which are made from feedstocks used 3. World Heritage Convention
for human consumption. Which of the above has/have a bearing on
(c) where algae is used as primary energy climate and air quality?
source for its production. (a) 1 and 2 only
(d) which are designed to capture large (b) 1 only
amounts of carbon, with genetically (c) 2 and 3 only
synthesized microbes. (d) 1 and 3 only
3 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
13. Which of the following is/are the cause(s) of 16. Which of the following correctly explains
climate change? the role of lichens in primary succession on
1. Changes in solar output rocks?
2. Cyclical changes in Earth‟s orbit and tilt (a) They secrete acids to dissolve rock,
helping in weathering and soil
3. Volcanism
formation.
Select the correct answer using the code
(b) They eat up the rock particles to create a
given below.
barren land.
(a) 1 only (c) They increase the temperature of rock
(b) 2 only leading to its expansion and
(c) 1 and 2 only destruction.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Lichens combine with algae to start the
succession process.
14. Which of the following ecological factors
is/are responsible for Coral Bleaching? 17. Which of the following correctly explains
1. Overexposure to high solar irradiance the stability for a biological community?
1. It should show large variation in
2. Extreme low tides
productivity from year to year
3. Increase in ocean temperature
2. It must be either resistant or resilient to
Select the correct answer using the code
occasional disturbances
given below. 3. It must be resistant to invasions by alien
(a) 1 and 2 only species
(b) 1, 2 and 3 Select the correct answer using the code
(c) 2 and 3 only given below.
(d) 1 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
15. Which of the following type of aquatic (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
organism is not correctly matched with its
definition?
18. In the context of ozone depletion, consider
1. Plankton - Microscopic plants and
the following statements:
animals.
1. The atmospheric levels of key Ozone
2. Nekton - Animals which can swim Depleting Substances (ODSs) have been
3. Neuston - Organisms found on the continuously increasing over the last
bottom of the water body. decade.
4. Benthos - Floating organisms inhabiting 2. India has completely phased-out
the surface layer production and consumption of
Select the correct answer using the code Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Which of the statements given above is/are
given below.
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
4 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
19. Which of the following international 23. With reference to „Clean Development
conventions deal with the management of Mechanism‟ (CDM) of Kyoto protocol,
hazardous substances? which of the following statements is/are
1. Basel Convention correct?
2. Cartagena Protocol 1. Through CDM, Annex-B countries can
3. Stockholm Convention invest in emission-reduction projects in
Select the correct answer using the code developing countries.
given below. 2. It is the main source of income for the
(a) 1 and 2 only UNFCCC Adaptation fund.
(b) 1 and 3 only
Select the correct answer using the code
(c) 2 and 3 only
given below.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
20. The tendency to increase variety and density
(c) Both 1 and 2
of some organisms at the community border
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
is known as:
(a) Ecotone
24. Which among the following are forms of
(b) Ecotope
secondary pollution?
(c) Edge Effect
(d) Niche 1. Smog
2. Ground level ozone
3. Acid Rain
21. Consider the following statements:
1. A lotic ecosystem is a fresh water Select the correct answer using the code
ecosystem which includes lakes, ponds, given below.
marshes or swamps. (a) 1 and 2 only
2. All lentic ecosystems are seasonal and (b) 2 and 3 only
last only for a few months. (c) 1 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are (d) 1, 2 and 3
correct?
(a) 1 only 25. With regard to the recently launched scheme
(b) 2 only for the protection of Majuli Island by the
(c) Both 1 and 2 Union government, consider the following
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 statements:
1. Its main objective is to protect Majuli
22. With reference to the BioCarbon Fund, Island in Assam from flood and erosion
consider the following statements: by river Brahmaputra.
1. It supports projects that generate 2. The scheme has been framed by
financial returns from the sale of Brahmaputra Board for the protection of
emission reductions. Majuli Island.
2. It is managed by the World Bank. Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
5 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
26. Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) was 29. With reference to Bio-CNG, consider the
recently seen in news in the context of following statements:
(a) military doctrine. 1. It is a purified form of biogas having
(b) fiscal stimulus. less than 50% methane gas.
(c) air pollution. 2. It is a renewable source of energy.
(d) trade imbalance. Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
27. Which of the following statements is/are (a) 1 only
correct with respect to National (b) 2 only
Afforestation Programme? (c) Both 1 and 2
1. It is a flagship afforestation scheme
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
under National Mission for a Green
India.
30. Which of the following pollutants are
2. It aims to develop the forest resources
emitted by crop stubble burning ?
with people's participation.
1. Methane
3. The village is reckoned as a unit of
2. Sulphur Dioxide
planning and implementation.
3. Carbon Monoxide
Select the correct answer using the code
4. Nitrous Oxide
given below.
5. Ozone
(a) 1 only
Select the correct answer using the code
(b) 3 only
given below.
(c) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 5 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
28. With reference to the Committee for the
(d) 1, 2 and 5 only
Purpose of Control and Supervision of
Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA),
31. In the absence of ozone layer which among
consider the following statements:
1. It is a statutory Committee of the the following would happen?

Ministry of Environment, Forest and 1. A large number of land animals would

Climate Change. become blind.

2. It registers establishments conducting 2. Productivity of ocean would decrease.

animal experimentation or breeding of 3. Concentration of carbon dioxide would
animals for this purpose. increase.
Which of the statements given above is/are Select the correct answer using the code
correct? given below.
(a) 1 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) None
6 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
32. With reference to Zoological Survey of India 35. With regard to the recently launched
(ZSI), consider the following statements: electronic-Human Resource Management
1. It undertakes survey, exploration and System (e-HRMS), consider the following
research on rich faunal diversity of the statements:
country. 1. It is an online platform for central
2. It is headquartered at Delhi. government employees to apply for
3. It supports enforcement of Wildlife leave and access their service-related
(Protection) Act, 1972. information.
Which of the statements given above are 2. It is launched by Ministry of IT &
correct? Communications.
(a) 1 and 2 only Which of the statements given above is/are
(b) 1 and 3 only correct?
(c) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
33. With reference to technologies for solar (d) Neither 1 nor 2
power production, consider the following
statements: 36. With reference to energy conservation,
1. To produce electricity, „Photovoltaics‟ GRIHA is associated with which of the
uses semiconductors while Solar thermal following?
systems use mirrors or lenses. (a) Hybrid Vehicles
2. Photovoltaics work even with diffused (b) Green Buildings
radiation while solar thermal systems (c) Offshore wind energy
generally need large amount of direct (d) Tidal energy
solar radiation.
Which of the statements given above is/are 37. Which of the following is/are the effect(s) of
correct? global warming?
(a) 1 only 1. Increase in pathogenic diseases
(b) 2 only 2. Rise in transpiration rates
(c) Both 1 and 2 3. Poleward shifting of vegetation.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
34. Which of the following is/are correct with (a) 1 only
reference to the Global Learning and (b) 1, 2 and 3
Observation to Benefit the Environment (c) 1 and 2 only
(GLOBE)? (d) 2 and 3 only
1. It brings together students, teachers and
scientists to study the global 38. In the context of the sources of water
environment. pollution, consider the following statements:
2. It is a United Nations (UN) led initiative. 1. Non-point source pollution is difficult to
3. Ministry of Environment Forests and control as compared to point source
Climate Change (MoEFCC) is the nodal pollution.
agency for implementing GLOBE 2. Sewage outlet of a municipal area is an
programme in India. example of a point source pollution.
Select the correct answer using the code Which of the statements given above is/are
given below. correct?
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
7 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
39. Which of the following are included in the 43. Which of the following is/are the likely
new categorization of industries based on consequences of increase in acidification of
their pollution load by the Environment ocean?
Ministry?
1. Fall in the population of calcifying
1. Red category
2. Orange category organisms.
3. Green category 2. Reduction of capacity of oceans to
4. Yellow category absorb carbon dioxide.
Select the correct answer using the code 3. Weakening of natural shoreline
given below.
protection by coral reefs.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only Select the correct answer using the code
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only given below.
(d) 1 and 4 only (a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
40. 'General Data Protection Regulation' is (c) 1, 2 and 3
related to which of the following
(d) 2 and 3 only
organisations?
(a) European Union
(b) Gulf Countries Council 44. Which of the following contribute to
(c) G-20 greenhouse gas emissions?
(d) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 1. Oxidation of carbon compounds
2. Consumption of fossil fuels
41. With reference to the Comprehensive 3. Manufacture of cement
Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI),
Select the correct answer using the code
consider the following statements:
1. The index captures the various given below.
dimensions of environment quality (a) 1 only
including air, water and land. (b) 1 and 2 only
2. A higher CEPI score indicates greater (c) 2 and 3 only
levels of pollution.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
3. The index is developed by the NITI
Aayog.
Which of the statements given above is/are 45. Which of the following elements and
correct? compounds observe bioaccumulation along
(a) 1 only the food chain?
(b) 1 and 2 only
1. Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane
(c) 2 and 3 only
(DDT)
(d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Mercury
42. On which of the following „Environment 3. Radioactive isotopes
Protection Charge‟ is applicable? Select the correct answer using the code
(a) industries lacking facilities for effluent given below.
treatment. (a) 1 only
(b) manufacturers selling diesel cars.
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) industries dealing with radioactive
substances. (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) manufacturers generating e-waste. (d) 1, 2 and 3

8 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

46. With reference to „Population Interaction‟ 49. Which of the following are ecosystem
between two species, consider the following services?
statements: 1. Pollination of crops
1. Both the species benefit in mutualism 2. Generation of fertile soils
2. Both the species lose in competition 3. Carbon sequestration
Select the correct answer using the code
3. In both parasitism and predation only
given below.
one species benefits
(a) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above are
(b) 1 and 3 only
correct?
(c) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only 50. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a
(d) 1, 2 and 3 financial mechanism for which of the
following international environmental
47. Which among the following are included in conventions?
the UNESCO‟s Lists of Intangible Cultural 1. United Nations Convention to Combat
Heritage? Desertification (UNCCD)
1. Buddhist chanting of Ladakh 2. Minamata Convention on Mercury
2. Kalbelia 3. United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
3. Ramlila
4. Stockholm Convention on Persistent
4. Kumbh Mela
Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only (c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 only

48. Which of the following activities is/are
financed through Clean Ganga Fund?
1. Activities outlined under the „Namami
Gange‟ programme for cleaning of river
Ganga.
2. Setting up of waste treatment plants.
3. Ghat redevelopment activities.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
9 www.visionias.in
51. With reference to Ultraviolet (UV) rays,
consider the following statements:
1. Ozone is formed by the action of
ultraviolet rays on gases containing
oxygen.
2. While UV-B rays are not harmful to life,
UV-A rays can damage the DNA and
cause various types of skin cancers.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
©Vision IAS
52. Consider the following statements regarding 55. The term 'blue flag' certification sometimes
Energy Flow through Trophic Levels in a seen in news is related to
Food Chain: (a) cleanliness standards in beaches and
1. Energy always decreases from one marinas.
trophic level to the next due to the (b) nutrient standards met by industries
decreased number of organisms in each producing aquatic feeds.
subsequent level. (c) security standards required to be met on
2. The decrease in energy through trophic
bathing ghats in India.
levels restricts the maximum number of
(d) none of the above
trophic levels in a food chain.
3. The decrease in biomass through trophic
56. E-waste is a rich source of metals. Which
levels leads to biomagnification of non-
among the following metals can be obtained
biodegradable substances.
through recycling of e-waste?
Which of the statements given above is/are
1. Gold
correct?
(a) 2 only 2. Thorium

(b) 2 and 3 only 3. Nickel

(c) 1 and 3 only 4. Arsenic
(d) 1, 2 and 3 5. Platinum
Select the correct answer using the code
53. In the context of environment and ecology, given below.
biofloc is related to a technology used to (a) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
(a) extract honey from honeycomb so that it (b) 1, 2 and 5 only
is isolated in a pure liquid form. (c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) clear oil spills in the oceans. (d) 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) enhance water quality in aquaculture
through balancing carbon and nitrogen 57. The problem of crop residue burning has
in the systems. intensified in the recent years. Which of the
(d) rehabilitate land using mycorrhizal
following are the reasons for farmers
associations.
burning the crop residues in the fields?
1. Declining number of livestock with
54. Which of the following are the reasons
farmers.
behind mulching of fields?
2. Long period required for composting.
1. To conserve moisture
3. Improved soil health due to burning.
2. To prevent soil erosion
4. Increased mechanization.
3. To reduce the growth of weeds
Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code
given below. given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 2 and 3 only

(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
10 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
58. Consider the following statements with 61. With reference to Mission SAMPARK,
respect to Eutrophication: consider the following statements:
1. It is the process of depletion of oxygen 1. It aims to address the specific
from a waterbody. developmental needs of the backward
2. It occurs due to lack of nutrients which districts.
hinders growth of phytoplanktons. 2. It will be implemented by the Ministry
3. It can be controlled and prevented but of Social Justice and empowerment.

not reversed. Which of the statements given above is/are

correct?
Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 only
correct?
(b) 2 only
(a) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 1 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
62. Permanent Structured Cooperation on
Defence has recently been seen in news in
59. Fertilizers are used for plant growth but their
the context of group of countries known as
overuse contaminate the ground water.
(a) BRICS
Which among the following elements are (b) European Union
part of fertilizers? (c) ASEAN
1. Nitrogen (d) SAARC
2. Sulphur
3. Potassium 63. According to the Solid Waste Management
Select the correct answer using the code Rules, 2016 consider the following
given below. statements:
(a) 1 and 2 only 1. The Rules are applicable beyond
(b) 2 and 3 only municipal areas and extends to notified
(c) 1 and 3 only industrial townships, port and harbour
(d) 1, 2 and 3 and defence establishments.
2. The waste generator will have to pay
60. Consider the following: 'User Fee' to waste collector and for
1. Mangroves 'Spot Fine' for Littering and Non-

2. Lagoons segregation.
3. Segregation of waste has to be done in
3. Estuary
three streams, Wet, Dry and domestic
4. River Bank
hazardous wastes.
Which of the above are considered an
Which of the statements given above are
ecotone?
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 3
11 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
64. With reference to the the recently launched 67. With reference to the process of
programme 'SAMEEP' by Union Ministry of 'Pyrolysis', consider the following
External Affairs, consider the following statements:
statements: 1. It is the chemical decomposition of
1. It is an outreach mission which aims to organic material through the application
of heat.
take Indian foreign policy and its global
2. It helps in removing organic
engagements to students across the
contaminants from soils and oily
country. sludges.
2. It aims to promote diplomacy as a career 3. It is used in creating biofuel from crops
option. and waste products.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above are
correct? correct?
(a) 1 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

68. In the context of pond ecosystem, consider

65. How does the human body compensate for
the following pairs:
low oxygen availability at high altitude
Basic activity Executed by
regions? 1. Conversion of : Phytoplanktons
1. Decreasing red blood cell production inorganic into
2. Increasing the binding affinity of organic material
haemoglobin 2. Decomposition : Microbes
3. Decreasing breathing rate of the dead
Select the correct answer using the code matter
given below. 3. Mineralisation of : Macrophytes
(a) 1, 2 and 3 the dead matter
Which of the pairs given above are correctly
(b) 2 and 3 only
matched?
(c) 1 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(d) None (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
66. Which of the following is/are correct with (d) 1, 2 and 3
reference to the scheme of Common Effluent
Treatment Plants? 69. Which of the following statements regarding
1. It targets small-scale industries that are Thermocline is/are correct?
unable to afford installation of pollution 1. It is present in the tropical region
control equipment. throughout the year but absent in Arctic
2. It is an initiative of the Ministry of and Antarctic circles.
2. It is the region in the oceans where there
Environment, Forest and Climate
is a rapid decrease of temperature with
Change.
depth.
Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code
given below. given below.
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
12 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
70. With reference to the Great Pacific Garbage 74. Consider the following statements with
Patch, consider the following statements: respect to National Action Programme
1. It is a pile of marine debris pollution in (NAP) to combat desertification:
the North Pacific Ocean. 1. Its aims to combat desertification
2. It is characterized by exceptionally high through community driven projects and
relative concentrations of pelagic programmes.
plastics.
2. The programme is implemented to
Which of the statements given above is/are
fulfil India‟s obligation as a party to the
correct?
United Nations Convention to Combat
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only Desertification.
(c) Both 1 and 2 3. Ministry of Environment, Forest and
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Climate change is the national
coordinating agency for its
71. Operation Save Kurma, recently seen in implementation.
news, is an Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) operation to evacuate Indian citizens. correct?
(b) initiative to check land degradation. (a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) initiative to conserve sacred groves in (b) 1 only
Odisha. (c) 2 only
(d) operation to combat illegal wildlife trade (d) 1 and 2 only
of live turtles and its parts.
75. Consider the following statements about
72. With reference to coral reefs, consider the primary productivity of an ecosystem:
following statements: 1. Gross primary productivity of an
1. They generally require cold water
ecosystem is the rate of production of
conditions to survive.
organic matter during photosynthesis
2. They are found in deep sea waters.
2. Net primary productivity is the available
3. Their skeleton is composed of dolomite
and limestone. biomass for the consumption to
Which of the statements given above is/are heterotrophs
correct? Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 and 2 only correct?
(b) 3 only (a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(d) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
73. Arrange the following stages of harmful
Algal Blooms in the correct order of their 76. Which of the following statements is/are
occurrence: correct regarding the island of Hunga Tonga
1. Algal Bloom
Hunga Ha‟apai, sometimes seen in news?
2. Nutrient accumulation and enrichment.
1. It is world's newest island.
3. Anoxia condition
2. It was formed during a volcanic eruption
4. Death and degradation of aquatic
organisms. in the remote Pacific Ocean.
Select the correct answer using the code Select the correct answer using the code
given below. given below.
(a) 1-2-3-4 (a) 1 only
(b) 2-3-1-4 (b) 2 only
(c) 1-3-2-4 (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 2-1-3-4 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
13 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
77. What is „SOFIA‟, recently in the news? 81. With respect to small hydel power projects,
(a) Solar-powered two-seater aircraft consider the following statements:
designed by Japan 1. Projects under 75MW are classified
(b) An aircraft modified by NASA to carry a under this category.
100-inch diameter telescope 2. Environmental Impact Assessment
(c) Space observatory launched by China
(EIA) is not required for these projects.
(d) Reusable rocket designed by ISRO
3. They come under the Ministry of
Power.
78. What will be the likely consequence if the
Which of the statements given above is/are
carbon dioxide is not present in the air?
correct?
(a) Temperature of earth becomes very low.
(b) Greater absorption of Ultra violet rays. (a) 1 and 2 only
(c) Greater absorption of Infrared rays. (b) 1 and 3 only
(d) Temperature of earth becomes very (c) 2 only
high. (d) 1, 2 and 3

79. In the context of decomposition, nutrient 82. With reference to geothermal energy in
immobilization refers to India, consider the following statements:
(a) incorporation of nutrients in living 1. It is a renewable source of energy.
microbes making them temporary 2. It is available all throughout the year.
unavailable.
3. India produces highest geothermal
(b) enzymatic conversion of decomposing
power in the world.
detritus to simpler compounds and
Which of the statements given above are
inorganic nutrients.
correct?
(c) removal of soluble nutrients from the
fragmented detritus due to leaching (a) 1, 2 and 3

action. (b) 1 and 3 only

(d) pulverization of detritus when passing (c) 1 and 2 only
through digestive tracts of detritus (d) 2 and 3 only
feeding invertebrates.
83. Which of the following statements best
80. Which among the following is/are the describes the term 'Sudden Stop', sometimes
constituents of natural gas? seen in news?
1. Methane (a) It is an abrupt reduction in net capital
2. Carbon dioxide
flows into an economy.
3. Nitrogen
(b) It is a reversal of country's GDP growth
Select the correct answer using the code
rate.
given below.
(c) It is a process when country's inflation
(a) 1 only
rate reached near to zero level.
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) It is a country's currency exchange rate

(d) 1, 2 and 3 attaining stagnation.

14 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
84. Consumer Confidence Index is released by 87. Consider the following statements regarding
(a) Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Detritus food chain:
Public Distribution 1. Detritus food chain starts with dead
organic matter.
(b) Reserve Bank of India
2. It helps in fixing both the inorganic and
(c) Niti Aayog
organic nutrients.
(d) Central Statistics Office Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
85. With reference to REDD+ (Reducing (a) 1 only
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
Degradation+), consider the following
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
statements:
1. It aims to enhance forest carbon stocks
88. Fixed dome and Floating dome are types of
along with sustainable management of (a) Biogas plants
forest. (b) Wind turbines
2. It is a climate change mitigation (c) Geothermal heat pumps
mechanism developed by the United (d) Solar panels
Nations Environment Programme.
89. Which of the following are examples of
3. Under it, developing countries would
methods of energy conservation?
receive payments for results-based
1. Better insulation of buildings
actions. 2. Encouraging public transport
Which of the statements given above is/are 3. Recycling of metals
correct? Select the correct answer using the code
(a) 1 only given below.
(b) 2 only (a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only

86. Which of the following is/are caused due to 90. With reference to 'Algal Blooms', which of
climate change? the following statements are correct?
1. Vanishing of various species 1. Climate change is the prominent reason
of amphibians for the occurrence of algal bloom.
2. They can occur in freshwater as well as
2. Increase in forest wildfires
marine environments.
3. Changes in flow of ocean currents
3. They produce toxins that can render
Select the correct answer using the code water unsafe and cause fish mortality.
given below. Select the correct answer using the code
(a) 1 and 2 only given below.
(b) 1 only (a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2 and 3 only
15 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
91. With regard to 'Carbon credit', consider the 94. The Kimberley Process, sometimes seen in
following statements: news is
1. These are credits awarded
(a) an international certification scheme that
for greenhouse emissions reduced or
removed from the atmosphere from an regulates trade in rough diamonds.
emission reduction project, (b) a civil nuclear co-operation between
2. The carbon credit system was ratified in
India and South Africa.
conjunction with Kyoto Protocol.
Which of the statements given above is/are (c) a process to decompose nuclear waste

correct? sustainably.
(a) 1 only
(d) an accounting technique to measure
(b) 2 only
absolute poverty in developing
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 countries.

92. Which among the following are various 95. In the context of energy production, the term
methods of nuclear waste disposal?
'co-generation' refers to:
1. Disposing in shallow burial pits
2. Incineration (a) Simultaneous use of two fuels for
3. Recycling producing energy.
Select the correct answer using the code
(b) Production and use of two forms of
given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only energy from one fuel.

(b) 2 and 3 only (c) Power generation from both renewable

(c) 1 and 3 only
and non-renewable sources.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Integration of distribution grids with

93. Arrange the following in the correct renewable sources of energy.

sequence of their occurence during primary
succession on land:
96. Which of the following concept best
1. Shrubs
2. Forest describes how a species obtains its energy
3. Lichens and influences other species in its own
4. Bryophytes
environment?
Select the correct answer using the code
given below. (a) Habitat

(a) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 (b) Community

(b) 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 (c) Ecological niche
(c) 4 – 3 – 1 – 2
(d) Ecosystem
(d) 3 – 4 – 1 – 2
16 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
97. “This open water zone is well-lighted. It is 99. With reference to amensalism, consider the
dominated by plankton, both zooplankton following statements:
and phytoplankton. A variety of freshwater 1. It is the interaction where one species is
fish also occupy this zone.”
harmed and the other is neither
Which of the following is best described by
benefitted nor harmed.
the above passage?
2. A bird laying its eggs in the nest of its
(a) Limnetic Zone
host and letting the host incubate them is
(b) Littoral Zone
(c) Profundal Zone an example of amensalism.

(d) None of the above Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
98. With reference to the National Adaptation (a) 1 only
Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC), which
(b) 2 only
of the following statements is not correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) It provides 100% funding to states for
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
implementing climate change adaptation
projects.
100. Which one of the following best describes
(b) It aims to increase resilience and
adaptive capacity of vulnerable the concept of cloud seeding?

communities and ecosystems against (a) Use of plants for food production in

climate change impacts. International space station.

(c) National Biodiversity Authority is (b) It means providing moisture-borne seeds
designated as National Implementing for greater productivity.
Authority under NAFCC. (c) Provide information to fishermen
(d) It prioritizes the areas identified under
regarding the pollution level in seas.
both SAPCC (State Action Plan on
(d) Spraying chemicals to induce
Climate Change) and NAPCC (National
precipitation from clouds.
Action Plan on Climate Change).

Copyright © by Vision IAS

All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
permission of Vision IAS.

17 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS