NORME CEI INTERNATIONALE IEC INTERNATIONAL 60193 STANDARD Orpiig saem SS EEE Turbines hydrauliques, pompes d'accumulation et pompes-turbines — Essais de réception sur modéle Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Model acceptance testsltd ae a présente publication Tesneeaan was att Ieee Numbering ‘Terminology, graphics! and latter Symbois i NORME CEl INTERNATIONALE tet INTERNATIONAL 60193 STANDARD ew Turbines hydrauliques, pompes d'accumulation et pompes-turbines ~ Essais de réception sur modéle Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines ~ Model acceptance tests mtr oa eer3 10-1958 = CONTENTS \ReWoRD, Ganera ues. Scope and objet 1A Seopa 1.2. Object, 12 Normative reerence 1.3. Terms, detatons, symbols and unt 431 Gone 1.32 Unte eee : 1.3.3 Listo terms, cefinitons, symbols and unis 14 Nature and extent of guarantons related to hysaule potormance. 1.42 Main hydraule performance guarantecsvelele by model test $14.2 Guarantees not vce by model test 3.44 Aaitional perermance dts x0CUt0M E18 ons os 2.1 Requirements of tes instaiaion and mode. 2.4.1 Choice of nbertory 242 Teslinstaiaion 2.1.3 Model requirments 2.2. Dimenslonal check of modal and psttypa 221 General 2.22 Dimensions of model and protolype tobe cseckod 223 Surtaoa waviness and roughness. 2.9 Hyerautesimitude, te! eandtiens and est procedures. Es 2.34 Hydaule smite 2.42 Test condone 2.99 Test procedures. 24.1 Measurements relate othe ain hydrule pertoemance guaranaos 2.42 Measutemente elated to adstlonal cat 2.43. Acqiiion and processing of cata 25. Physlel properties 251 General : 25.2 Accelaration due to gravy 2.53. Physica! propeies of water, 2.5. Prysialcontons of simosgnore 255 Density f mercury 13 3 3 19 at 50 30 6 08 8 98 9 130 161 “105; 165 167 60199 6 1ec:1000 7 Main hydraue perormances: methods of messurement and vsuis se 3.1 Gata acauiiion and data processing a1 8.14 Inoduetin ana detnions. vo 181 3.12 Gonoralrequiroments ' nei 343. Data acauiston . vot 5:14 Component requirements Sunn 387 3.45. Chacko he data acoustion system vata 32. iseharge measurement er 321 General 97 322 Pamary metods . “201 323. Secondary methods 209 B31 Gonefenomnnnnnnnnnnnn 215 33.2. Choice of prossure-measuing sation a5 883 Prossura aps and connecting tines ait” 834 Apparels for passive measurement sn. on 223 33.5. Calratn of pressure measurement apparatus. 207 8.36 Vacwim measurements 237 237 Uncertainty inp . oe) 3.4 Free water level measurem sons sn 209 341 General 238 34.2 Choice of water lavel measuring sections von 89 5:43 Number of messurng points ina measuring section 298 34.4 Measuring apparatus vn BY 34.5 Uncertainty in ee water ovel measuramant smn 285 35 Delamination of € and NPSE wo nnnnes mr) 352 Genera aes 3:52 Determination of ba specie hyrale ane Enns 207 353 Simpllies formulae tor E 251 35.4 Determination ofthe net postive suction specie enargy NPSE. 261 36. Shafttorque measurement. rns PY 38.2. Methods of torque measurement an 383 athods of absorsng/ganeratng power, 278 364 Layout of arrangement in re BTS 385. Checking of systom 289 366. Calbeaton, son 868 38,7 Uncorainy In terque measurement 288 2.7 Rolaona speed measurement 287 274 General, 287 8.72 Methods o spees messurement 297 373. Checking 237 8:74 Ungenanty of measurement 288nn930 1601999 8.8 Computation of tat esuts 29 38 General = 209 3.82 Computation of power, clacharge and officency in the guarantee range. 298 3.83 Computation of steady-state runaway spaed and discharge. 320 29° Error anata - ss vs 87 3.9.1. Basi principles (age 180 5:60} : 337 392 Determination of uncertainties a model ests 2 3:10 Comparison wih guarantees ssn vn 84 310.1 Gor 251 310.2 Interpolation curv and tl uncertainty bandwith es) 3.103 Powe, cssharge andor specie hyaraue anergy and ffconcy In he Buaranaa ange wn ass 8.104 Runaway speod and asonarge vo 369 3:05 Cavitation guarantees. 363 ‘Astional perormanes da ~ Mathods of measurement and rs 67 41 Introduction o adonal data msacuremant. a . ser 411 Genel oe a 367 41.2 Test conatons and tet procedures vn 869 413 _Unconainty in measurements 269 414 Modelo prootye conversion : 289 442 Data acguistion ana processing tor measurement ol fustoing guates oo 37% 421 General sn a7 422 Data acquison eee 423. Data processing : a7 4.3 Pressure tuetuations, 379 $3 Gomera nn ar 4.32. Spacial requirements fr adel and instalation soe 387 43.3 netumeniation and carton. 309 434 Dataod procedures 29 436 Analyi, prosaration and inerpretation of resus 27 43.7 Transposition prototype 409 44 Shaf torque uetstons oon cnn $41 008 on ant 4442 Recommendation fr measurement an 6.43 Analysis of model ost osu ay 444 Teanspottono prototype a 4.8. Axil and aia us 433 453) General x3 452. dialthos 415 452 Radial ut 0109 @1e¢:1998 come pe 4.8 Hydcaul loads on contra components a 46.1 Genera : “31 45.2. Guide vane orqu. : vn ABS 463 Runner Slade toraue 403 45.4 Polton need orca and dtiecor frau. 459 47 Testing in an extonded operating range 489 ATA Geneon : 59 472 Terminology : vo ee) 479. $2098 0 181 2 ve 474 Provisions for parzular tests ser 48 ilerenal pressure massuremant in view of prottyeengex tet wnssnsnnnone ATS 481 General : at 402 Purpose ol tes. — . a3 498.9 Exaeution ott : . ara “18.4 Trapspociion ta pretetype condions, —— 475 48S Uncertainty ars ‘Annex (oforatve) Dmensionaes tems... anv Annex 8 (normative) Physical properties, data : “79 Ag emma) tan ole eqaton he pete rae evry 7 Annex ntermatve) nance ofthe density of actual ater dy on measurement rd elbation ssn é ‘Annex € (elormatve) Summarized tet and calculation procedure. so ‘annex (normative Seala- othe hydeaueelency of reaction machines 500 ‘Annex & (normative) Computation oth prolatyge runaway charactors taking into Scoount sion and wine losses ofthe un 59 Kone tain} Ean ol tatoo be best nec: mabes ‘hanes (nformative) Examples anaiysis of sources of evar and unceaintyevstuation....527 Annex (narmaive) Etfeency sealep for Paton turines : 539 Avex fematie) Arayes of ardom neat fr atest at constant operating ‘annex (orate) Calelaon at plant Thoma number 559 Iaanex N (normative) Detaled fax Sagram of epecthydraule energy, Now and power..61 ‘Annex (nloumative) ibography ‘6199 © 1EC:1990 an INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION HYDRAULIC TURBINES, STORAGE PUMPS: AND PUMP-TURBINES ~ MODEL ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOREWORD ‘Te IE gaat Excvovwennil Commies worse patent snsudann song ‘henpaten inane terpaenal Standars IEC 60199 nas been propared by IEC technical commsites : Hyautc sis second ection o EC 60199 cancels and placa he tet exon of IEC 60199 puoienes 1965, te emenament 1 (1977), IEC 69I9SA (1972, as Wall a6 IEC 60487 (1978) and 660995 (1991). Tauses 1 f0 9 of th standard cover the. scopes dealt wih in the. sbove:mentoned “Beations. Adina formatn given laure he onto hie standar is based onthe folowing documents: oration on th voting fo he approval ofthis starr can be found in he report on sting neta inte above ttle renee. FG, Kan M for an itegialpat of this standard someHes 8, C, 0, GH, J. Nand Pare fr information on ocided that this pubieation ramaing vad unt 2008. A tis te, in 2 commiter's dezsion, te pasieston wl tepaced bya ro sense 60190 © 1€c:1090 oa HYDRAULIC TURBINES, STORAGE PUMPS: AND PUMP-TURBINES ~ MODEL ACCEPTANCE TESTS 1. General rules AA4 Scope ‘This International Standard apps to laboratory mes of any type of impulse or reaction ‘oral turin, stortge pum ar pumping ‘This standard applies 19 models of prot machines either wth unit power grestr than ‘lw sr ih elerence dlaneter greater tant Fal sppation ofthe procedures naren fretted fe not generally jostied for machines with amor power ana siz. Never ied tor auch mactonaa by agreamantbetwsen prchaser and 2 1 pumptubine operating se tubing end "Samp includes «'pump-urane operating se & sum. “his standard excludes all matere of putely commercial interest, oxcest thse inestrieably ound up wt he sonduct of east, ‘his standard conceinad wih nether the sluctral detss of the machines, nor the Ioshanial properties of how component, £0 long as these o hot ast ove! performance Urine vlalanship between modal and prooipe peormanees. ‘his Intemational Standard covers the arrangements lor model acceptance tests to be Pvlorned on fyeraute trees, storage pumps ans punp-utines to cetormee Who rain Fataule perormance contact guarantees (eve 1.4.2) have seen aetstod It contains the rulos governing est conduct and prescribes measures fo be taken i any phase bttha tat spun = to dating the tm and quantles used: = to epooty metnods of tasting and of measuring ‘he het portormanc of erode, ~ to spciy ho methods of eamputation of asus and of comparison wih guaratoes: = te detarmina the contact guarantees, which fll hin the scope of this standara, have Deon fled uanties invoved nord to ascortia = ta dating the extont, content and structure of he tal repo “Tho guarantees canbe ivan in one of he ttewing ways: = guaraniogs for prottyes hysraule pecormance, computed from model test resuls onsiderng scale elect: = guarantees for model bya partormancen00 Iec:1990 -15- sb i consired ony a ween ord only as ecommencaton or guganco tothe use ( ° particulaly recommends hat model acceptance teste be parormad ite expected tak ditone far aceaptance teste (20 TEC 6001) mous not Sion ot acutance ene IE 601) ws Tt sn vrenton ot parrens standard may sito be applied 19 model ests for ether purpoe sande ay ao be apo mo purpotes, i, comparative ests and ‘ode! acceptance tests ha boost, eiaue 15). been performed, fii tests can be limited to ndox tests (3 [gettin eon teen i tnd nd any ta sandr hs Sandal shat Normative reteronco! | lowing nomaive decunents contain provisions whBh, though refronco in this te ‘tute poveione of ine inemaloral Sancar A ths tro ol publication, te edtions feral” A erat, soumun a sett vse ion cen based oh ths intmationl sands are encourage fo inventigale the posi sare atmos event saves ofthe ormane documents Indeatea Sel. Momete S190 mana fegatars of currently vals nereatonal Stanerds + s0ce:1801, Fed accoplace lst to determin the Mya porormance of hyraute Sines soaps compe ane ume roeinee i a 3 geatna7, contagion pay evatten aus tines, ose pines a pone 5 €0800-2:1967, Cavitation piting evaluation in hyaraute hutines, storage puns ani inpiubies = Part? Evaluation Pelion tones leanne 2 60004:1901, Guide for eld messurament of vations and pulsations i hydrauic ichines (urines, storage pumps and purorssives) me 610841999, Nomenelanre of hydraute machinery 3,288 (ps, Hraue tins storage paps and puppies ~ Teng 0.31-8:1992, Quanttiee and units - Par 3: Aachanies (0 31-12:1902, Quantnve ane unis ~ Part 12 Characters mmbers 0 46988 rte uatnens Pama er te and gona eg (0 1496:1:1980, Water ow measurement in open chanaels using wei ad Vertu fumes — ssrement i using woits and Venti umes st Tinplate weirs 0199 © 16C:1909 aa 150 2186:1979, Fu flow in closed conduits ~ Connections for pressure signal ransmissions bonwoen primary and secondary elements 130 2508:1075, Standard atmosphere ‘Addendum 1: 1385 so 4006:1991, Measurement of fu ew in closed candits ~ Vocabulary and symbols 180 4185:1980, Measurament of quid How in clase conauts~ Weighing method 180 4370:1906, Measurement of quid How in open chanels ~ Water level measuring devices go 5167-11981, Measurement of uid ow by means of pressure alferenta! devices Pat eae ee tos and Vatu ibs inseed in cedar cross-section condutsnnig at 180 5100:1978, Measurement of fd tow ~ Estimation of uncertainty of & Howat 10 681731962, Measurement of conductive liguid lw in closed conduits ~ Method using bpecromagnete fowneters 180 7080-11907, Assessment of uncertainty in tha cafration and isa of Now measurement ioutes Part fneareatoraton relatonshe 30 7066-2:1880, Assessment of uncertainty i th eabration and use of How measurement Giiges Part 2 Noninear atoraton reatonships co 8316: 1967, Measurement of ud flow in closed concuts— Mathod by collection of the \uidin a vumetne tank |g0 9104-1961, Measurement of Nuit flow in closed conduits ~ Mothods of evaluating the (So.atnance of electromagnet owemetar or gues ‘ynks999, iforational vocabulsry of base and general terms in metoeay (BIPMIEC:ISO> ome 1.3. Terms, definitlons, symbols and units 13.1 Gener or the purpose of tis Intemational Standard the folowing common tems, deinen, Fee astemte spot. Specializes tarme are oxpamed where they appe8F ‘eacneaion of any wn, detnen out of messin in question shall be aged ton witing Spine contracting pais in advance of te tot 1.3.1. point A7Ly, Bhabtened by one or more consecutive cate of reacngs andor, recordings. at A pat eee cancton and aotings, sulle to eat the perfomance of sakes ie operting conden and these satings 19:12 tot «collection ot points and resus adaquate te erabiah the performance tthe 1etigaovers specieg range ot operating conationssxorecns9 -10- 1.8. hydrate ertormanco Jtetormanco parameters atibuable othe machine due to hydrodynamic effects 4.4 main hydrauile pertormance data iiosel"al tho hyaraule performance Paraaters, Le. power, discharge andor specie ‘aul nergy, eicensy steady-state runaway spe6d endfor Sszharge. The influence of ‘tavon must be considers 8. sditonal data ibget bt hycraul performance data which can be determined for information onthe mode or1sta}, Howover, he prediton ofthe corasponding protoype datas tse apcurate than dehievabie for the main hydraute perfmanca cela, 6uo fo appreation of approximate ‘aay ues guaranteos ‘ited performance data contactualy agreed 0 2 Units _potacratona Sytem of Unis (6, nea 1SO 31-9) ha boon used throughout his standard “wins are glenn 81 bate unis or derived cohorant units"). The basle equations re vali Iiythese uns, Ths naa fo ba ten nto account oer tha coerent S| units are use fe ‘Badate op, Kowat nstad of wat for power, Klopaseal or ar instead of pascal for Suri tan of for ata pee), Tempeaies mayb gen dene ist sve absolute tmparatres (a Hovis ae rarely equ, Yother system of uit may be used but oly ag 1 in wing bythe contracting parts 60199 0 1ec:1009 oa 41.33 Ustof term definitions, symbols and units 1.8.91 _Subsoripts and symbols Sibeww Te enn Sannin ae 3918 gree ction | shehituatomence sesunee Wa beak vase [Snes tvan _|Repercnaae gansta ern 346) nogeammee: | Streiroetaastte tie Zana |Spenum Siar cncng he et er Fa Ca aan [Aree pitrog rod ane Tom ms ih ru” pipette’ dle ou nS ewe1990 lec:1999 -2- e189 © 16c:1009 25 veut 1232 _Geomotfe terms Z cee emcee em Patton tyaver [ oa ra 7 Hh presi tetaanccacon vaaat [ave Taisen veiralan semalogsrwmivow [A | 7 Nid rssure masung socton Sin Zane | Recgevinpin baa nogmensee |b | Tae % Corns potion a0 ota = 01m88 ©1EC:1900 -a 0199 © ec:1999 -2- Desa x 13.3 _Physiea! quantiios and propention Remarc |maamaommrancennar, | + | or Tasa3 [oor per ane 7 ae ee ese ena £3303 tala Oey mee ba oon sais Taaa7 | Sutaeswisan | Acuoti Qareauniag ty nanan = poe Sen a Scan ee eerel fe0-1999 60108 © 1E0:1000 ne toon [om a att am Comair . Srisasee mesencr ahe 4 _ Discharge, velocity and speed terms ime Tern oo Seb [uae] a (sare How | vane wa pr ne pnsng woh || Wha Yeon ass twas Swi ome mysecion aba | war] tye es oun ap i re Moy [vee] > a Waane oat pyantipa org ayo | Gor | wT — nee. ‘Be fenton ae 1338309. 4 oan aa _[emeatome | me 4a |[Nemvweneny | =e inst [Sayan anany [Te sna entra ag = pe 32 eat Stan 1 60061) 1.2.36 Spool energy terme In the intentions Sytem of Unis, nase (kg is one of the base quantities. The eneray per Unit mass, known as spectie spor, (wusea mie slanaar@ asa primary la netad 3 he Snorgy per focal unit weigh Whgh is calad heed, and eas exclusively used ia prowous “Te later tr (hoa) has the dsasrantag that weight sa fotca which depends on th local Valu of acalerton due to ravi 9. which changes maint wit tude bu als wth atc, Neveral 1" wil il romain in use Secaune tis very common. Thre both rolated enargy terms are istoa, the specie energy terms inthis subclaune an esd terms in 3.3.7. They afer only bythe factor g, whichis the local vale of acceleration de 1a oanse 1Fo-1099 36. 01390 160.1899 aa 52 | Sxctepemae cu ahtS nemo ses ree wae [ge no‘ae 1ec-1950 a 01936 101000 ee “t 1.23:7._ Melght and hon terms T | yaar [rear o ' | | | ° renautin deen 8884 | Taare iasrew pret |e 7 mS iar aan ecm eee ect “ Fre dian, 4013384 i » eas ee \ sete T T i) | | : Lt | | “ Se $1 em Bon ‘rs nantessa. 1€c-1099 a Felerone lve of te macsine | aunt} 0 fan we. nod wana tl pings as panos win ene Figure 5 Releranc evel at machine 60199 6 1Ec:1999 nas 1.38 Power nd ergy twme paar [een eaemceeececm |” | ronnortayimpeser(s) "sa @1ec:1999 nate Paneth, rote tere 3) ae tn he Figure 6 Fx aagram for power ane acharge 0199.6 1ec:1900 a49- 19.29 Ettetoney terme tao ower 5a@eca9%9 -55- sine performance may be characterized ty dimensionless tems based © = 1,0 = 1 and Norenn=1,D=1 ar3p=1%, ralalens of aa cmenslonets tems tocar existing ations ar given in annex A ‘cus Terme Setinition | Symbet | iaione nor apes ame tase onto EO pune =: nt 0190 8 1ec:1099, -sr- 1.3.18. Dimensloniass terme rlatng ¥o oseilating quantities For preseniaton and analysis ofthe measured oscilating quate Gmensionass tems as doling horeatr and in 4.3045, Tray areientis by th sy) of tho measured quantiy wth evtaciss dancing tho mactine corenent and the quariies {axon us unky,forinstaneo Tagg il Senet ho guld vane forque Taco, i. the forque acting ‘nite gue tangs based or pectic hysraule anergy of the machine and rleronce camer ‘ua! to uny. The symoot used to dite he meacuromonis are ited below. 1+ Measures quanites ar: =F tere: =p pressure = T torque, + Subsets for machina components ae = Bremer bie; = 0 Paton dtacor: = guide vane: + Subsets tor foree and toraue components re: = sny.t cancion coordina ‘The atoning tabi tne dimensionless tums relating 1 osetaing quanttos, Tanias [ow tee Te Tana [iow teawr fe193.6 1€0:1999 -s9- 1 Nature and extent of guarantes related to hydraulic performance, Lt General it Design data and eo-oxaination «@ purchaser shell be responsive fr spoctag Sutin, for ‘Rlerence sectors, water levels, speatie hygravie eneSee 3513.2), ang space ryarauieanorgy oases, The purchaser is aio responsible force Sinaing cf sifons to cetemine interactions Detwean the waterways and the sects! nd ata on which guarantees are based «purchaser shal arrange fr the machine suppl 10 be provided with dat, accurate and Ficontn dota, fo cover he flowing " " eperating watar ves i al roars hydraulic losses ofeach part a he water conduit rom naka o owt Cesign drawings of wat conduits associa naga: any information rlovant otha watat Haw inthe conduit, such a8 any resulta of mare ets othe eons d In the caso of rohabitaion of ensing machieas, pariularatonon i 1 B8 pad 10 the imitations imposed by the existing equipment lor example ering) ‘it the hydeoule machine insusing vahos ‘ntion shall be palo flaw conestins atthe model inlet and out (e8e 2.1.2.4 and 2.1.9) ‘most cases Kl bp sulfisent to exond toe model ust beyond the high and low paseuro ions, Those satons sal bo cluded forthe maga aes oder to cenor fo {Fanaa Whe ste estate ssh fate rans elev at ea 3 inrough ho watarvays fs no tly fepresented by tho model, tho contract hall {slit eps tobe akon, which may lncladespetying the tren othe waar pases 0 ‘modelos. n some otter eases, me valdiy of he approach sonstone shal have oean tied bythe purenaser trough the lost ol a pail mode! othe plant prot to he tet othe ‘eel machine 2 Definition of the hydraule performance guarantees contact for both regulated! ané non-egulted prototype machines shall contain, 26 a ‘amu, gutranteos covering power secharge anaior specie hydraulle energy, stlaney, tnimum momentary sverspeed and maxsmum/minmum momentary prossure and mani Fassia muna Speed overs ran speed ft 8 pup, ab woh a guano wea pomp, 0 evar the maximum specie nydraulc energy (hase) ane {Thoma at zero siseharge, the atin win the inpeler rotating in water nna at The aiied speed ve guarantees shal be ven for one ot moro apeating points (see 1.4.2.2), These eins ‘ecg tS porormance curves of the machina, when are Usual svomstad by tha maps \Retases (eg amal hyo} a table may beauties 1 eurant stat of heart permis the vortieaton of some of these pretoypa guareres by ‘Sal tat (soe 1.4.2, wile oherecannet bo verted by made! ost (see 1-43). Moreover, {ron date may 88 Dbteinad tm the meas sb sn Inalostan the expecieg pretehys 60199 @ fec:1000 -a- sata Guaran tls recommended that the contract dows not fi more than one guarentee for coveated {uanttg; or example nthe cabo ol a rogues ure, ofisoney shall bo guaranteed vereus ‘ior alecnarge or power, but nt bath, 144 Form of guaran hor of the folowing two forms of guarantoes may be appl when the performance ofa protsiype machine ft be accepted on the bass ofa modal ast 43} Guarantees, or tha, ydeaule performance of the petty, computed trom model tast ‘esule wit alowance fr aca tac For reaction rastnes, ne eal lt f2 be taken into agoount iv accordance wih 3.8 For inpulse turaines, when kis agfeog Inthe contri, "he senile ‘etfect shoud be taken ino accom In scaordance wih anne ) Guarantees for the hysraule performance of the model referred to a Reynolds ounber (Poyntds, Froude an Weber rumbors fr impulse tuhnas) Tobe speced inte contact, 12h £250, the simitude requirements ef 2.1 shal be me. 142 tain nyarauite peitormance guarantees vertabe by mods 14.21 Guaranteed quantities for any machine ‘The main hydrate perormar ‘moul tate ata deasroag guarantees ofthe potty or model that can be veried by 1.82.1.2 Discharge andlor speitc hydraulic anergy ‘This refers ether tothe discharge atthe eetence section (s28 1.2.2.44), obttned when {perating acer spected specite nycrauls energies, of To\ tre specks fyaraufe energy Disined when operating wih spectad discharges. 142.12 ettoioney ‘Tho tain “alliioney rolore to tha hyseaule ataney (809 1.2.8.0.4) unions sthafae pected. When the proteype eiewncy (seo 13.393) 8 guvantood, the mochaneal power ‘Gsses (sae 1.3.4.0) oF he mechanical eMloney (ens 132821 810 baakon int account. In roacton machines, the elaionsip Between modal an prototype hydraulic ecancies du "0 Royrolgs numosr scala eflect ts wall documanied san around tha pot cf best ‘esency, a ox “the curently aceated convertion st apy ts rations 2 een id elicincies fas annex Fy nomevar 'eeagneing ho decreased ‘ably the frher away the ptt be checked hom he pot of bet9 @ tecs1999 B44 Steady ate runaway speed andlor sischarge uarantse for maximum steaéy-state runaway speed (s08 1.32412) of forthe reverse [away speed in ease of pumps fe quid. An atonal gurantee for masimurn ssherge Sor runaway conations may required, bs norload ascnarge for turbo operation shall be datarmined as part of he characteristic ‘aney-ourve (sea gue 5}, 2.1.5 Influence of cavitation on hydraule prtormance 6 conact shat cary stat he nysraute condone (space hydraulic anargies and net {hve auction specie args) for whch the Myre petormaneos ae tote Suara guarantees of the hysraulepevtermance of the potcype shal include the influence ot ftation. Accarsing fo current engingerng practice, this lnluence's deormings by the model ts perormedin nesscance win 231.51, 239.98 3825) and 983.2, plication of atciency scale-up due to Reynolds number is limited to the range ot {alist spected in 28:22. The contract shal spect the procegure tebe used Wop Tals ‘Sid ne ange ‘ : some cases, the contact may contain a adtonal clause on cavitation speciving thatthe ‘sured value of the Thoma number chosen as crevion (ag) shal bo tower than the plant ‘Sma number by & safety margin (eee 3.403). 7h cetion and he afaty margin thal De ote in the Sones 41.22 Spoof application 42.21 Regulated turbine (see 3:10.) ne to be reached a one of more speci specie hysraulc orgies charge: 2 baraachad at one or mare spec spectc nysraulc energies. ficiency: guarantees may be required for one or mote apeaiiag epectic tysraule Enargy a8 folowe = ene or more speci’ power o aizhars, = as weighted average eters Gecharae, over a specied range of power oF = anthmatic average tiercas! over a spectied range of powsr oF schaton unaway speed: quaranted steady sist runaway speed not ob exceeded when operating Sher marimum or any oer speetied specie yeruleenery. Inthe case of dove repute machines sal be stated il the guarants ‘hive fa concn ich ne cour ronan blnan i a Sparing and renner Diag angie e mala (or-sam eohaon ard to fhe manimon runaway speed accurag in he worst possible. oar cancion 60185 © 16c:1999 -s5- CCaviaton: _quarantaes as outlined in 1.42.15 may be required for one or more spaces Sees eau ene, of por, uray ora corerponang 1422.2 Non-regulated turbine (see 3.102.2) Power: power 1 be reached and power no! tobe exeneded over specie range of Specie hyraute aetgios Discharge: discharge to be reached an Specie hydric energie corresponding power guar Eticeney: guaranteas may be equited a8 flows Riigtone or more spection sper hydraulic enery, 25 2 weighted average atfcleney over a speciiod range of specie. iyartte energy. = as an arithmetic average efcleney® over a spected range of specie yaaa avers Funawsy speed! queranteed steady-state Zunaay speed not to be exceeded when operating Under maximum specie yraute energy CCaviaton: guarantees 8s outlined in 3.42.1,5 may ba raquled for one or more spactieg pectic hysrau onary, usual fr the corresponding minimum value. 1422.3 Non-reguatecirequlated pump (500 3.10.3.3) Power font be exceeded oer a species ane puis Mere oer Discharge | lscnarge ever a speciied ranga af specie tyaraule energy or speci snd spect. inary ova 9 sped rage of dacs, uing valves 19 be faces ‘ergy Eticieney: _qurantees may be required for one or more specified specific hycraulle nergy ot esanaege a oom MGT ane oF mote spoiled specie hydraulic anergy or discharga, = as a woighted evarage aticieney over a spaced range of epaciie Inckaute enoray or sschar schoetc arsaye elisieny?! ove apucied range ot pecte hydrate energy or escharge Runaway speed: quaranteed maximum stesdy-ala reverse runaway speed nol to be Sxesesed wen operating under maximum spocties paste mydraic ners Inthe caso of double requated mazhinas, shal be slated ithe quarante istered tothe concion in whch tha opimum vlatinshio between gue ‘Yana ‘opening! and ranaer binge anga is maintained (ancamn canton) bland fo the maximum runaway speed occuring in the worst possible of am eontion| .193 010-1099 or tation: guarantees as cuted in 1.4.2.1.5 maybe required for one or more spectiod Specie yer enetoy, share of sone ssl fro coeapending 4 Guarantees not verifiable by model test 1010 a8 ora quaranoes that cannot be chackad by model tess. Among ham are saa Gus «2 amount of cavitation ping isto ba guaranteed forthe prototype ony. Evsluton of this frantee onthe proteype shal be coving out in accordance sith tha recommensatione 0008 4 modal test may reveal some of the poteniat areas of caitstion oresion by visual pecion auing he teste (eve 23.38, and maximum momentary mentary overspeed Jineiing momentary runaway speed) and pressure depend primany ‘on mater concult geumtry(pensiock longi, suge,tak, etna nara ole rotating part ‘he ‘ent ana the operating lew ofthe gues vanos. Thay ca8 therefore not se deterti ctly bya dynam test onthe mode! whieh dows no! reproduce her he ul etest of Re pilebia waterways, ina ineria ot the unt or the charectaraic. of the Soeed governor Nrrthoess, the steady-state mots test data, anstored to te prctlyee provide values bling calclsvon ofthe vansient phenomena wh sufioen aceuracy 433 Guarantoos covering noise and vibration termination of protyoe ncise and vibratlon by mods tests es outside the scope ofthis ‘dard. This standard shouls be eed ony af @ guide forthe modling ot the hydric Lice of thea ghenomena (ie. hough determination of the pressure Mutations ther amie aes) M4 Adaiional pestormance data atonal data may be obtsined fam the model as an inceaton of expscted prottypa pressure uctutons (288 4.) shat txque uetuatons (a8 4.4 hydeautic rust, bot ail and ail (286 & 5), ‘yas rq on guid vanes and acs rnmertimpeterbades oF hyde frees hcelon and cetor over hs l opering ie as 8) tharactersties in four quadrant operation inlusing power and specie hyeraule engy at af acharge(ehvtoffconaton) of pung wits ial roaing in war ori (se 47); storema peessute surements in view of prototoe inde est (a8 & ‘eam relationship for optimum potlormance in the e280 of double regulated machines {feavn between guise vane and unneranpatr Dade opening) (ace 24) e099 © 1ec:1998 co 2 Execution of tests 2.1 Requirements of test instalation and mace! 2.4.1. choles of laboratory ‘Any iaboratory saistying me ctr stout ia his standard concering general layout, capacty ‘nd quaity of instumentation shoud be deemed sutabe, An “ndgpendort Tabsratry 1 Sometimes: preferable, particulary when comoareve teste are teguiow nih models rom diferent manutnturers 242.1 Gene The test cicult shall be such that whan cavitation appears in tho model t shall not occur izewhore to an extent whoraby affect the sabi or the Installation or ofthe model performance measurement. An entrained air bubbles produced by cavitation the model shall ot tft ha tunstioning ot instrumentation, parteuily teow measuring dav je8 and ho prossure measurement ines, ‘The citcult shal be designed in such a mannar that no ea age oF action of water may occur Shetween the tow measuring intumant 1 the model. This eforia shoul be easy verabe 24.2.2 Capacity ot he to ‘Tha capacy of the tae instalation fe. power, pressure, specie hydrause energy, dacharge fad NPSE)’shail bo such that te minmum values Tor model ska and We pained Wat Condhons aelistedin 2.3.2.2 canbe ret ‘Tho operation shall be stable and steady without surging a hctuating atfects (see 2.3.2.) 24.23 Condition ofthe wat ‘The tet wator shall be clean, ce chemical impurien wien may ha ‘pour praseura, Free goa, and alton. 1 toe of ey solid malarial in suspension and ary sninivence onthe water properties such se vecoaty and ir bubbles should be removed te far 85 possible boos ‘The got content (209 28.1.8, nausing both anisned and Uisived gas, of he Water Uses in the fest ip. shoud be fecced forthe teat aspocaiy wih respect to ape aviation tat results and for comparizon purpoat thal be ‘he msl (eee 25.92) Experience in closod ceults inate that dissoted ar may produce nucle inthe water and the nucle! content pays s major row in travaling eaviatin™ W may strongly ifercn the {avtaon pattern and the rautng cavitation charactors (ose 2.9°'5, 2.0.62 ane figroa Wena 7 S CCaviaton simiitude shouldbe respected by cetocing the test using an appropriate specie Fydeauie energy orand nucle hjecon ise (we i. ween10193 © 1ec:1999 -n- DARE temperatura shoud in pircine not exceed 25 “Cand should not vary signteaty {ung the to8 (0.9.5 *C ber dy) Larga dilornces between the watet fence ee as umbion temperature of isiuments shouldbe avoid, se tay could nuance enone 161246 Flow conditions given bythe instalation \ the mode ne, te test inst ‘ortcbs, undue turbulence and un shall ensure favourable hycraue condtion tee Hom Lime model out, the How pattern shall ot be intuenced by the layout or construction a ho atta nas Me “he measuring equpmant used to determine the main parameters shal saisty the speciieg tnaions of ti stan ‘a, raceabiiy of each insttument io a recognized national or nternational standard shat be insured Al nsirunanis shoud bo calbraled faa, sopecally Gucharpo aad ate nessurng inattarons, “he measuring instuments chould be such that a rect reading, independent of the data ssquition system, is possibe in acer to permit an easy veces E13 Mode! requirements The modal shal mas he folowing consis E131 Mode! size ‘he minimum valuos for mode site are proscribed in 2.3.2.2. orally, models shall ve ae large a8 practical but never less than tha values st lame model shouldbe used fr al ests aie fo main hydaule perommance sean niuenee of caviaton (eee 14 2}. Compe 218.2 Layout and mechani! design ofthe model he lnyout and mechanical design of tho mada shall comply withthe specie toms ol esting he felowing pont sralbecarsuly conocars * deformations due to tading undor the chosen test hasd shall be minimizes by sopropriate fesign and choco of matora: Clements used fo vary machine geomety (rennerlimpll blades, guide vanes, aezles) fall be eapabie ef epeating and mataniny a sot poton ‘eang system, shaft and stalorary pars shal have sulicient righy to avo contact in ysmeyram dure coal operation’ las to and sea ‘ayn cearanes 3 as an ~ ysiawealy smoot curacee of tha waler passages ave recommended; ~ ant gna rues or suas cndions, ral care taud bs iano he ~ mataval should be chosen to avoid ousaton and lacrochemical corrosion. The Passage surlaces shoul main in good sondion fr the eat satin 60193 6 1ec:1990 ne ~ provision shall ba mado for easy cleaning or epaing of water passages = 4 transparent cone or windows should be provided for observation of the tow in the ‘uanerfimpair ang in tne adjacent paren of the at tbe {ate low posaure age ‘ato cf a mullstege machioe ~ mhoraver shat seals’ and shaft Bearings are required to be a part of the model (e. multistage machines) when comparative model ers are performed Hose pa te Seo ‘Senin’ Seng ~ [0 comparatve fests ofthe same modal but with diferent impelerunner, provislons shall be made mat all rnnera/impoere can 0 tesod wih the same casraneoey ~ Wheto addtional data have to be measured (euch a8 pressure fuctuatons, Gude vane torque, velocity dsrbution) tho model shall permit aaty istliaten and chases of ro cortesponcing messurng egupment = Hany nonhomoogy exist (0.9. ilererces in unner bandlerown thicknose, seal design, 4, any analyeal procedures adopted to actount Yr these afresees sel a rete) 218.3 Extont of model Tis postion wt vetarance sections and the extent of ta water passages tom it to outlet to be incluced in the model (at lens ina par betwee tha Nigh peacute tne Yon favours ‘alerence sectors) shall bo clealy defined in the cont (eee figures and ne en fowe 4, ll the water passages inluening the perormaree of the protaype, low and outiow Condon, shoud as far as possi be ielued inthe mc spacial for lw specific hydraulic onergy turbine, tis recommended that te model extends trom the prototype mt athe outlet Socton of te Seat ne Upsraam or downstream gate slots sre not required, uness they ae fcated between the Imessuring or elrence sections et ho machine, ntrmatin on We intconee ahr ease the hysraue behaviour of the machine may be blared tom tests seakor ee ase Soeoptane fst, 243.4 Geometric similarity of mode and prototype 2.4.94.1 Gonoral requirements A basic eauicemont for determing prototype perormance tom model tests to have geometical simiarty(hamolean between meal and prtenne, Theing nce aha Eompare ‘on Bath machines iho geometieal Simencione and the Snlece Wak ae Eomponents in contact withthe low. The geomet smilrty between model and prototype is tobe checked in accordance wih 2.2. Unless otmerwise specitied, he model sha be geometically similar (homologous) ta the Brtotyoe in all wetted parts whi ha line etires n'2 de oh el ee ‘may nave 8’ measurable nuency on the perotmance. However i sane some minor dovintions from tne stay cannot be awoke, ar grecnee aah Geen ote! the rule ae tobe conectod onan tn the case of accepan shouldbe uses # possi fests on both model and potty, the same measuring sections For comparative mods ts 3 models shall rotate in the same disci,192 © 10-1990 -1- 19.42 Multistage machines ‘cxmally the model tst shouldbe performed withthe same number of stages asthe prototype ‘2rprottype wit our or mora tages in excaatona eases, the model maybe tested wih a ‘duced numberof sages or nstanes& treestage mode or four sage potlyoe 43.43 Labyrinth 6 thrust balancing provisions 21 mecancalrazont may not be pose or desiable (essa fr lage seae ratios) (or be accually estimated 30 hat he hysiaulis eficoncy ofthe prottypa can be computed 1 agroomont should bo rachad belor the tests concerning Sage Tow rate” (ooo tgs 6) ormining machine sertrmanc, montoring and measuring of 2 Dimensional check of mode! and prototype 4 stated in 2.1.8.4, he geometrical simlanty between model and prototype shall be chacke, Fe checking procedure ana samiseas tolerances sr derived talon nis applies aven inthe case whore the model ie manulactued according to an existing Uehina and Rone the prottype isthe sartng post of te proces, 2.1.41 Explanation of tems used fr model and prototype "indvival value The valve ting roms the measurement ol the same dimension of the same component tsken at diferent locations f.g Ylerencesameter of a runnerimpele| tha measurement ol the same simension of diferent recurrent compondnts taken atthe fame ication (6. maximum thexnose of guido vanes) ) avorage value ) theoratca valve ‘Tha design vale indested on a crawing. Coraspending model and protoype dimensions juan Up ae linked by the aeale engin rata aoe t2°92.3), 2.4.2 Purpose of dimensional aneeks ‘imensiona checking ) ascertains the mala mansions o! moda! and arcttyae 60199 6 1ec:1999 “7 ®) ghacks the vilormity of modol and protoype in thar racutent components Le. compares {he relative deviation betwean iho inivigeal valves and the corresponding average value ‘The permissbie-maximum ovations ate given tha “unkormty terance” coum. aodhTandanses ©) hocks the geometrical sinlarty between potoype and mode, compares the relative deviation betwoon the average protatyo value ana the errespandiig average model vley Scaled up by i, The permissible maximum deviations ae gen ihe simiaty oerance’ olumns of 22°24.7 and 2.2228 no oo ta" ete ses ol a : ene 7 x ' i cata, swith titan = | sz) ssaued ee , 2219 Procedure Fgure @ ilustratos schematcaly the application of the geometrical tolerances gWven by thie standard, om indvdvl and average valves of made! and petolype 5) Checking the untrmiy of mace and prototype components By comparing he measurement ol nsviual values with the eortespondng average value, 'S posable to cetermine ite unformtyrequrement has been met 4 the uniformity requiement is not tulle, agreement shall be reached on what omporants aro be corecad or remanufactured In the case where the diference botweon the average value and tho theoretical value outside the uniformity tirance, t shal ba agreed mhathor the teoresal valde oe We ‘eometry of he componant sna be corecto, ‘Checking the geometric smitty seween protatye and mode By comparing the coroeponsing average value Sims tolerances as gvon by this stanaara, Silay fequrament hae been mot apres, Eubstiutod torthe avarage values earned, Le. when rot al recurent companeits or dimensions ‘may be greed tha the indvigual values re compared dieeiy wih he nol ad potas and conidia he ‘ha coresponding haste! value say 980193 @ 10-1909 -n- Wt the deviations are groatar than the similarity tolerances, further steps shall be agreed ‘ahich cou include neve ast win he carrected model “ " Fo: some dimansions (2.9, overall demonsions) which ar diiul to measure onthe mae) andlor proioiype, it maybe agreed that, insted of averaga valves of model andor Drotelype, theoretical values can be used for comparison, prowded hat the sum ot Fanutactring and isttavn tslorancas i xs tant smarty fleance, 2.14 Applleation or dtleront types of machines ‘or turbines, dimensional tolerances ae ted fr Francs, Kaplan and Peon turbines, he lolerances for Fanci turbines apply als to agonal tow machines wih xed blades. he tolerancos lor Kaplan turtines apy aso to dagen tow machines with acustable blades cae turns) ani ow macies win aor anti aes (oper, da, ho tolerances for Pein turbines can be adapted te inclingd et imouleturbins, or puns and pump-utbines, dimensional tolerances are given far eat, mixed How and 2.45 Methods 1 messute the shape a sunnesimpele blades, qide vanes and stay vanes, sever! methods fe tutaba, ncuaing tae simansanal co-ordinate Measuring machines, optes) MEBEUtN tems, templates, ste he inspection for homology of the hydraulic profes using tae dimensional co-ordinate Yeasuing machines or optical systems ean be made ether by measuring posts long curves Foy measuring points onthe surtace™ unas ara essentially tha equivalent of machanical templates snd their usa_and 'narrotaten ae sear tothe current provaling practice using mechanical tomplatos suriees ara rapreterta by a numberof ensuring pots suclnt 1 dina te compiata prot e pestoned eter in geometrenlysiminrloestons 90 te poteyne ana he mode St Ettondom. Computer aigohes must be avaiable to adjust the "wuriace” 2 hat he Fasting messured “eon is minimizes fof the toll sutoca. Such austment is However lind by ho permsne lerances shown in 22247 ang22.225 Yonsigeing. the manufacturing and measuring methods of the nunnerimpeten, the ‘Shurseturar sway propore me moet appropriate stow Ie agtoertes te Cautstiet to ‘nansrata he geomste simianty Setwec prolate snd made igus 9 to 19 give examples showing schamatialy the location and extant of he geometric receng, 2 sme ates i not posse o masse tela! dnersionaety, 0958 po of $saneen'covres ya. Insuen eaes he measure shale mae na order to protet th content ofthe manufacturers hydrauie design, the manutactree TaeZony sutmittve silences between ina menourad and fe tesretal patie and not he \Gratralyos af ha eo-ordnaea of the roti. Fer checking purposes he messuted absolute ‘dues of proties ara svalebie Irom tna maniac ret 6019906 1ec:1999 nae entaine of ditto C20) = 2 e Eon ‘secton Seaton 3950 160:1999 nat 0199.0 eci1990 oy99.9 16:1999 35- 2 Dimensions of model and protaype tobe checked » dimension of al eignicant components dating the water passages ahell be checked Yo bstnt agreeable tothe pares concerned * tolovant dimensions ans ter prmite tolarances for turbines, punss and pump-urines| datnea in 22.21 and2222 Whar locaton éelined by more an one Gimeno, he srance gpatiea fo ony ena dnension, hes of geometric marty comprises both 1 check on the homelogy of the individual components belore assembly. For practical aeons the dons one shal be flereat the component tel, " ‘hack on tha homology cf the whole machine, ie. wih the components assembied, The felevant ever cimensons are usuany flered tothe runner axa enor tothe cote ne tite dst. Spar atenion shal be pa to watr passages formed bythe tarston Between acjaont components, clatonary of rolaing, or whieh no. general value ot ‘olarance can be presrbwa In ils stendar 2 meridional contour of the tunnetimpele shall be checked wit tamplates or by oer Sropiate messuringtacolgues, suche tee-dimensional eo-orcanae measaing machines Zeal measuing system. appropriate checking ofthe runnarimpaler bade prt -diPanbion ae propery determines nite geometric leestin, the the otowing subclasses 2.2.2.1 and 2.2.2.2 me trad tothe corresponding scaled mocal set value or to ihe folowing eterencs smximi kes of se vans, ty vanes of reer Mages foreach measuring rolerence diameter (see fut 9 ad not pitch for Francie unas (ove tguro 14; nozzle ottice dlameter (see figure 19), ‘maximum inside wish of runner bucks (608 figue 1) te opening bawaen two adjacent Daas al hgh pressure and ow pressure sie ofthe lsmerhmpeter (ene igus 1& and 16). The opening can be dlinea ether on a lat bela mearuring rection ox arte stance om s gven poi of the bade ogo to {he aden ase surace, Jo toms used in the flowing svblauses to inate the vaous eomponenis of hyeraulc Shines fe dened In EC 61364 224 Turbines 2.2.4.1 Main components principal dimensions of th eptal eating (ot irtke in he case ofa tubular tubing), fing, the nrovor, tho rat tbe and necessary the space between runnet ver (eee for exam gure © ara 10) ~ the principal cimecsions of the runner naudng Inet and out siameter, inet holaht, ‘ser band and own, and nun ase o Kaplan tree cunts = tne number of runner Hades, guide vanes and stay anos; 0199.0 6c:1099 97 = the form ofthe runner water passages and ofthe guide and stay vanes, ieuding the ‘maximum tiekness of say vanes, ul vanes and, appleable, ofthe vine Bade = tne seal and blade tip clearances of runner and and eearances of guide vanes 2299) ty var = the roughness of all components he machin ( = the wavinoss of runner blades, guise vanes and prototype) (eee 2232) 1») Imps turin: = the prncp! dimensions of he runner, mario, houslg and nozzes (e681 18) the numberof buck = she form of buckets, nosis ana neestes (se gute 18); = the alignment ofthe jts tothe runner; ~ the roughness and waviness ofthe buckets, nozzles and rows (usally only relevant forthe potty). (usualy only reovent for loot prota shall ba checked at Yeast at tab sections for fow epoctic spe0s {urine and at three sections for hips specie speog Wrbnes. The ie! seston shi {tom the nese of th plage to a dolanco of 013" of the reference diameter along bah Droneute ana suctioh sides ofthe blade (eve gues 1 and for examples). = The entre blage pote (rom inet ode to out edge) shall be measured, i posite, (eve gure 1), ~ The bade outet potas shall be measured at last at tree sections. The out section hall extend from the valing edgo ol tho blada fo a sstanca of 0,154 of ha veorenco ‘ameter back slong bath ses ofthe binge (roe Faure 8). ~ The lectin ofthe runner landing and traling adges shall be checkod a thvee pains depending onthe pectic speed (00 gure 1), ~ Quiet with netwaen blades shal be checked at leat at four points on figures" ana 13). ch blade (o00 For tnbieated prototype runners (astombed by welding of preabicated componsnt) i nay Fe'agrond that thn choco has rine ean be mada pe om neces a ana hang ompleed machining ofthe iadidul blades, Ate scaemay, is eulfcent Yo check he Dade ‘postion (2.9 ae athe in igura 1) the ets andthe out wc ot199 1ec:1909 -99- 0199 @ 1ec:1099 = 101- 24.8 Keplan turbine runne Blade profes shal be ma song eyindrica ured at lass a trae sections slong the ene profile (thor Fee | crcitraet arena eine peor plane sections), on bom th pressure and fiction aides of te tds or imiterity between prototype teadhaly ot ope sace ees Saas The nse pie ot re scone sal be ceca. The nate pote shat to 8 distance 0,1 D slong the blade. In making these c in anion ps may Sid yf F Drove argu and sil anon on actos ees ead natty Lopate a Re ¢ flint ahi be atone an tne sees sceee me aera, ' Selmace a pontoon but Be peste ae whe ekon eae peers Seldon ate re ‘ ox | as os tn aes mourn nthe, lao oh ads wn cage each er ft] oat ae tinh So ccd far ppeon 8 aiaion eae nesses acs aS Seay | ae | BS aE Contes "Tha rane of eertd ase tes ual na aeeeg mmeerectatmn” | Bt | aE 3 oe et || an i L214 Paton urine runners = at ae ae ‘Te rote of age uc hl ceca as: ur waneeee anf pcna aw | oe * Teak Pacem tnmcteda aeta eee | eee ove Tho discharge angle of each bucket shall be chacked at four points on each se (see - Se cee | BEE | BRP ane mors Sn ies maeet lear 3 The rm of ecu a angle yo he ack te culo ester edpe nde bucket tp denen wan |, ate 7 Mivalonoshulbe ccedongecntosc gee nase ‘ sistent ea csr fs s ‘The bucket inside width and profile shal! be checked. rf ‘Feonale runners = on Te bush oasde pote sa als be chests ensure at he erererceoavsenibe i o inane suc an apse says was enn ba gee nena a suse | ang 28 {helauaide poli (ee 2221.7) sal be apled to he buck! @acharga area hich ah ‘ Bake | Bats “ 221s oudeva ‘ oe] gs 6 14 eyindcal dtibutorarangement, te pice shal be measured atleast atone section smn cn meas as x Be 2218, clnrmces ssitaneaa wso | aso sass ‘ie sm eo ale ped spe ae se ucipote sal enances, tae ip sarc nd gue vao-end cevaces on rectencts aioe oaetem ray Saami are Sees Sesceruneeen wei tet rage an ‘erty ances ea ot neue he sed mec ean et a a: et saa oe ne ponies ofthe prestre on he gud vane en ance should be comadeed ‘Ragu no natn el ast nape con sg cn eta ‘ 4 eee ep he xtentn feng lhe pepe rumeinpetes sea shat rl be eraser han thatch ‘her aye193 6 1gc:1099 100 60193 © 1ec:1900 =105~ mt 2.222 Pumps and pump-turbines 2222.1 Maln component ‘45. minimum, the folowing pars shal be checked to ehow omlance wih tolerances sate = {he pancipal dimensions of the casing, lise, suction pipe and space between shunner and head cover when necetsary (gies Band 10) ~ the principal dimensions of the impatlortunnerincluing net and out clametere, outlet “pana gona Row ne wore0 worne height pellernunnar band and crown (igus 12 and 5), | worn sino ~ the numberof ipelerrurnar blades, stuser vanasigude vanes and stay van Se Bs = the fori’ theimpetertunner water passapes and of the difservanes/guida vanes and al ~ ‘he maximum tiekness ct stay Vanes, ofunervangs” and leomig tra ante wore | ore wan 2 faces of he impeleriunner and and elearancas of guide vanes, ep race tt rt we | wae | oar ~ the roughnass ofall components ofthe machine (ate 22:3.) ina he rot sano | sano sone ~ the wavinass of ditsor vanes, guide vane i oy, and inpeleunner blades (usually only letra sae ale E 8 as eS relevant forthe pote). ‘ oad Canute Roses tlio ror 2.2.2.2 Contritugal and mixed-tlow impellersirunners nce aa rar pt worme | aoswa forme ‘The requirments for centupal and mised-low impalerunners are, tor convenience, lea eerie live a expressed in terms of 9 singlaiiow sige-sage machine, Fr double oni res : ‘machines, addional measurements shal be ati wah er ~ Blade inlet profies shal be measured at test at thee sections, The ile section shall extend from the nse ofthe blade to a gstance of 0,168 ot th vtorence sametorO fot oe ee wosue oth sides along the Bade ase igus) { ~ Blade outt profies shall be chacked at least at two sections for low specie speed tag rate wosne | ‘machines and at three sections for high specie peed machines: The auto secon soot taitineee a extend rom the valing edge of tho Dada to satan of 8,151 0l ne rtarence Slamater bask along both pressure and suction se | ofthe lade (ee ius Ha ar), ‘et deca ne ; ~ Ente bade pit (rom int edge felt 0950 shal bo mesured fast or ono a aise | atae econ, pote, depending one hnpelarruner specie spd of randomly she craeyernormenerctenon |e ‘. a ‘oe Sua sgt 1 ne) 3 : ~ Sta ine anes sal be ehached athe same sectors afore pci, The ne angle eit sant wax | orn ar cen be meaae es eran ys a empitesnencng fom ia sag espe 3 0 Doe onevere wens | ase asso Baga Gatarc o 0.14 of the ralanen nor songne bade sna eoaee ge pment ae we | “os we thee fot sesame bade smchaneousy ee eee | ae ~ The loclon of he inpelarann nt acute! edges ah be coche at woo wo pen or see | mens ano pois depending on he spots spees (ce ia) donroj due oan | ~ Ile wie otwoen binds shal be checked al ata four Gens n etch blade (00 Tpythnusat tags Sawer ne tame ase tc eae na] tre ‘alerts he tie tron so ae | ~ Forth eat sation ofthe inpaerunner, he fotoning proce Ie reeommended (se 2 taveaest conse sen vin figures ‘Sane 5) ° = —_—— j omit tae 1.199 6 1Ec:1000 ~t07- 1) measurement of Blade outlet profes at two or mor Speed, 2) meaauroment ofthe heights (b) between etroudeof the individual bade passagee for Inpeterrurners (9 sections depending on specie 3) daterination of he outat with a) where the maximum inerbed cits tangential tha preseure and suction faces m te oui *faicated rootype runners (assembled by nlsog of prlabicated components) may agreed thal tw check of biad orcies can be mate port sevemby, fer aa, fark 14 machiring of the Invi Bade. Aor assembly i sulclant wo check te Sac, Hon, (2g: a outined In tgure 2), te filets a ne wih 22.2.3 Axial tiow impetirs runners 2 Bade roties shall be checked using the same procedure ghen in 2.22.1.3 tor Kaplan fine rune, ‘guide vane profes and clesancor, e90 22.21.8 and 22.218. 60199 © c:1998 22228 -109~ and model pumpsipumpelurines ble maximum deviations in geometrical slay between prototype Pte Protea scsi mocel average vlan Cy Niteence tan (repel amensions oF yanuie ere “ F . Sa aie ro ae ae ey Derive ent wax | aan wae gue acinar seeps ests inser nt rl fe oe nde mene ner oe ge nse ‘tens wl arsnes Ne eprint nino args can be 1 notreate it colt ste dia esss 1e0:1909 cite trace | rrenpenean | musta. | scinaesermetge aes (ue dlurtrence ty sseimotwer arin ute a asx a6 wise ‘ape ve fa) 29 Surface waviness and roughness 231 Detinitions 294.1 Waviness vines Is the deviation of surace profie ftom a smoot curve to which a Hex sti ‘old realy enter. Wavinees iz oxproseod a the rao of maximum devaten Ye distance ‘orich the deviation trom the simocthcuve ecture Ths (2d rao X/U ef huts 2019 ort setnguisn wavinese Yom surface roughness, U should be not ess than S0 mm. The ‘i of anim daviaton X shouldbe athe middle ned 9 U ‘iowa: Howovar bumps ate latvly easier to coweet 2042 Su ace roughness isthe eharacteatic quay ofthe surface due to smal departures. from ts ‘eel org such a those preauced bythe cuttngacton ot oo) edgan,rorese grins food “he macnn, coatng and paining or enginaly, produced by the tabeeaion (weisng) la evaracteraed by he roughaess erteron A (tthmetcal mesn deviation from the mean ve ofthe pote) ae lined in 180 869, 601996 1ec:1099 a8. a T\ Rests Bide sutace if Se Sit tis avons = Smooth cane ia sutace Suraceougtness 2222 Waviness requirements : ‘The whol surface ofthe blades, ncloing the defined proie soclane andthe sunneinptir Crown and band shal be ehosko fo estabish hat poties ae emotn santnuaus curves with 8 Stavros of tsa tan 20,02 A exble sk maybe used forts purpose, ‘On surfaces subject to aviation, the wavneés shall be ls han 20.0 2.2.32 Prototype roughnoes roqulrmente ough surtaces inthe valor passages ot both madel and prototype machines reduce he ‘hiteneybalow tn visa which = potomly obtain ‘Tha modal should be such that a hycrautcaly smosth How 608 (2, annex P) it achieve, even ii not somal ha see nthe mest signoant potolype components te eonventanaly fgieed opal he eisaney seatarspYomulea dacerbed in 2/8 dorpte the Tact hat the formulae or valid ony for hyautealy meat ews,199.6 1999 as \e prototype. roughness shall be epactieg taking inlo account the economic value of iciney, th cot of manulacture, te sae ofthe machine, the hkencod of aux Samage of 2 urfaoetnen cu to rosin er corsion during ose operation, oe ble indietes guidance valve of prototype surtace roughness eject tothe above considerations, the recommendations for surtace roughness values are Iitine two gross The boundary st ete groupe store ot specfe hyraull aneray E's ‘nin table Yor various types 0! mactines, corresponding approximatly to machines wth speed (medium To nih head trachnes) and To machines wih ghar machines) ve values of protetyps surface roughness aa vali for he frshad conltion of tho sur iis'means that the hycraulc wetles components have patted or coated suraces, INS inten shall bp checked! reover, the tih required may be chosen a some locations to improve cavitation resistance “or fatgue resone; than the choos of hil le not sata to mosel so prototype cmensionl sary “umes thatthe welds are clean mihout antour edges. This alo means tha for machines thlomer nence (tt hans ealumn i abe ose welss eed note ground co199 © 1ec1009 ‘Table = Recommended prototypes hniahe aurtac eventual painting neue) Teenage seo as1ec:1900 -19- Hydraulic similtud, test conditions and test procedure 1. Hydraulic simittude 1A Theoretia sulrements and simile numbers hoor, to sehive hydrodynamic simitude between two hydraulic turbomachings A and & ro Acan sand Tor model ana for protaype) he folowing concions should be met yeemateal smite betwoon machines A and 8: ‘onal ratios ot he various forces, acting between the Hid and the components o 199 tie are dined by eimensioniass terms and ate dono’ by simitude number he content of hig standard, the major smitude numbare ae summarized in bie 2 ‘Toble2~ simtude numbers oe a sennaante Frou (9 seeraana Y newsiowarerniria ary, tis impossbie fo choose the test condone to say he various simitude numbers atdheosatyThoretee, ine sinitece condton fo be corldered shoud be te ono with ie Sot cece on te resus it fe ot pessibi to achieve he caresponding proteype simiude Mins hereto, torectona nave. fo be appied to the model resus han they are Iheleimed to prsiatypa condtione, Suen eovectons wil aso be requed if te Peynolss Inver for mode prtrmance dota ie ferent fom epustea Reynolds number 60109 0 €0:1900 -nt- 2312 Conditions 1 bydraulle simile a8 used inthis standard tom the abov basi requirement, it ean bo deed that wo machinas A and 8 are oporated [nde hytassaly sent eperating condone ha folowing conains ao met 2) the requirements of gaomricsimilaty tween A and B stipulated in 2.1.2.4 end in 2.2 are 1 tne alos of corresponding How veloc components at any homclogous point of both Machines are genoa making tha cerespondng veloc tnanges athe tunnarimpelt {latined by tho ebsoute evcurfarantal and rointve veloshy componente) geometricaly Simi AAs a consequonce, both machines. hav at corasponding operating points, lentes! ‘Share, enrgy and caval eoetisont ose 1.3.32) ‘same discharge coetficient (Qno), = (Ono), . sndsame eoeray concent aol“ Exole and sani cavitation costo’ (10), (ale or deri discharge and spend factors and Thoma number (S06 1.3.8.12) samo discharge factor (Ceo) =(2eo}, ‘and same speed factor (reo), =("eohe - and same Troma number cane ‘The equality of theto coutcens and factors charactorizes the hyraui si ‘huchines, ths i enpertant wth reepect to “hyerauie” characterises anlo (Josanteod or species according fh Other sinttade conditions which ara important for *machanical aspects (2.9. hyo (ta) ata not cover by ts stand Table 2 gues an overview of simiiude contens which should be ebsorvd whon performing {ests on @ model whose ost te vlates to a plotatyea machina Independent of he type of tet, esa miaimum. ho simile conditions for discharge, spectc hrdraue energy or Speed and cavtaton (ta cavtaion luonce ls expected) shal be fuid leering to 2.4.28) inorder fo achive hydrate sittuda between moda! and prtotypa. ‘The flowing subsauses 2.2.1.4, 2.2.15 and 2.4.6 ge dtalied inlormation onthe infuonce bo the various simitude condans covorod by this starda‘e199 3160-1999 -13- “Table = Simlitude requirements for various types of mode! tests [Beware i 60199. 1ecs1999 = 125- 2.3.44 Reynolds similtude A Reaction machines Erction losses are many dependent on the Reynois number provide that ow contions aro ys Ri model, eared to be telrerc that ef tho protoype, the rao of fetionfses ool losses forthe a9 than tho errespending rato Tor the prototype. Thertore, In most eases, model eficioncy ‘somownat lower han pottye esoncy. coeflets shave riences during tating, for Oram 38) ‘Modal reals are sebeg upto proteype condone (e ‘Tha influence ofthe Reynolds numb = inthe rang of guaranteed etelonlas, te intluenc of cavitation afects a drop of mors than eof elcleney (sve 86.2.42), ~ cutee ina range of guaranen, 10. at axrame otldasion operation, whore tho rato of ‘ation oases to oral losree becomes sma This, or exam toe + runaway contons; + shut of eonaions of a pune + four-quactan operation of a pumpsurbine (except within the guatanleed operating sage 23.142 © Impulse turbines “The inuenee ol the Reynolds number on hydric efficlensy ls conidered aceoting 10 Annex K and'3.824 2.2.18 Froude similtude and cavitation teste Froude smite shouldbe respected mainly for model less conducted under the folowing Sperating condor = ‘wo-phasa fiom (0.9, larga zones of caution on runnat impala bases, dat ube vorics, [rinthe housing ofa Paton turbine wth wale isherging and epashing na 1. pump ils ws te poss of fae vortces) ‘The intuence ofthe Froude number could be especialy important lo impulse turbines and Taaeton machines ef fow specie mygraule anergy, wen pertrmance st pant condone Becomes influences by cauating low attached to runner inp orton eavoe n turvine Ga tbe, For ewitton lets tho application of Froude similtuge shouldbe considered only whan the ‘ertel tance Beiweed the highest and lowest pols ofthe fullsize funnr/inpaior Badee Secomes signet elation to tha slant ubinapump head, Tis ean Bethe case To large horzortal als machines operating tlw specie hyaule energys3 0131990 mr 1.5.1 Cavitation teste on reaction machines ‘avtation rtarene ove 2, he eatationesterence vel 2, shall bs chosen te eoraepond tothe location where the slevant cavitation occurs, This may resul inthe eatatonetaence love (ove 133.77) ‘viating tom the machine raference level 2, as Salined n 18.3.7, because te ecaton ‘Mtmarimumn esvtaion (snot necessay a tvation The geometrical relation betveen ‘whieh detioes the seting of the machine, and t © luevatad by figure 21. and he Slation betwoen the corasponding o-alue is given Sy he faowing formule whishappiog bot modal ana pete gene a Fy eno, 2zecte) ‘Onde cavitation bubbles Ccevitaton tests with application of Froude smite ‘a cavitation tet may be performed, unless otherwise apred inthe contract. on lage tibe model, istalog wth Sho ans Inthe sama porion a tat of tne protehype (29. forzontal or wariel) and’ under’ pectic hysraule energy ae reauited by Frous0 mitose As a consequence, for any corresponding elevation ol model and prototype, the same ‘Thoma number cavaion costelent resus, proved that homologous caviaton Toloronce lavas 2p are vaed as lusteted by figues 2 ane 22 Cavitation ests without fl appliation of Froude smilie ine prototype machine dimensions are et significant in claion othe plant tubinsipump ‘euteton pattern butwacn mode! snd proteype, However ts sseental ina on medal and proteype, nomalagous caviation refronce ves 2 ar0 used (see figues eT and 22). ‘The Froude conden cannot be eppid, whan it would rsul in excossivaly large models fncior wary low test specie hyérause energlas compared wih the minimum ‘valves ‘Teeaiedin 2322 In al eaees wre Froude siittude eanne be tespected, the equay of Thoma number tunnel be ataines simultaneously forall hamelogaus elevations on mage anc pretty. I [S"ocommnendes that tha homelegove relrence lavels ror and tu the potted ‘oda! (lor nhien the equalty of Tama sunbere dye = ery shal Se cooarved) bo teocted bymutosl agreement tore fe tea ase tgu 22), e0189© 1ec:1999 ~120- Prowype Mocal 210 Botom Figure 22 Depundance of values on eva or mage and pottyp, 2) Froude simtud ie rospected 2») Froude simitude ie ot respec Fras Fethen oy = op Fru > Fp theno'y # op ‘The variation of @ for model end. potty {ora tubular turbine with Monona shaft ss Mestad oy igure 2's ee olowa et PE td by Igure 228 flan =20 82 om E © € Panag Goes) Nae og 2 big ts). 9, 9-2 lithe Froude consition betweon model and potty i espectad, La. Fy = Fp then on al homologous elevations the rates! re dential or bath made and potty. consequently, iene! c-valuee rebut1936 10-1000 arr tno Froude contion between moda and prototype ie not eepecte, le. FF than on homologous elevations z2z, the ilarence op, resus In cavitation tats where Fiouse simatic isnot ull, the net paive suction epee Sheray of tha Thema numbe: should be adusted to covar sl condiions spected nine ‘contact (aration of Talwater eval), and fo establsh the aaly margin between the Iinimum Gp, and a contractaly spectied value such as oy (sve 1.2.38-10), faking ind Seeount the aference op ~c'y 28 shown In igure 22 In some eases, more than one ceviation telerence level can be usad, for example inthe fase ofa lage tubular turtine wih norzoral sma, Then perormanes eraraciraice can Eoimonsured ats slant Thoma number for example ‘elered 'o an eovatonloraied 02.0 Beis tha topo! the tuna, o eolorrad tthe tp othe urna orraterea fhe top ot tho hs. Agreement between the pares wil be necessary fo formulate the procedure to bo ‘olewed and the subsequent interpretation rut, Ccaviation ts ‘on pump-tursines Fox punpueies, principal the same Thoma number or cavitation eosticent a8 defines Jn.83.6 013.67 shall be veeg For trbine ana ump operon 3.18.2 Performance tests on Impulse turbines ‘zauro of two-phase How in the tubine housing, the elaney of impulse turbines (eo. ston ype) may be strongly mivences by the Fouia number Tharslore ts cecommensog, mpl fin modal ei, Yo choose a specie oa ener which sateen he 24.8 Other similtude eoncltions 2.6.4 Weber umber though this standard. does not consider any influence of the Weber number (except io Ines), ean be sated thal the Wabor umber Becomes Important lor worphase ow 38 iat th hog of npue titra. Thm Gere of Homo opi, which luoncee the windage losses andr the jel dturoance, 1s Japendent on tne Webs! number, ot mode tests of impulse turbines is usualy not possbla to respect Froude and Weber ‘Nihude simuteneoushy. Frouaa smitude ie mantines in most sases, besaues the efiats ‘ponding’on Froude general demiate over Wober simistue elects, 60199 6 1¢c:1900 100 aaa 2 Influence of nucle! content on cavitation pattern and performance According te researen work (se {t] and (3) the visible extant of appearance of cavitation Bitblot nde roauting eaviaton characterises can Be slgnifartlyinfuenced by tho Content of muck inthe waar (non veg aio gas bubbles wih aradus less han 80 ym 1 prosont, its nt posse to detine the required minimum valves for ete eden! end aEsiwed gas content wich ave baked sn someway, because the impact of influencing paremolers uch aor ype of machine, specie hyareule energy te. hae fot yet bean tele established, ‘tha measurement of nucle contents desrbed in 2.5.9.2. The appearance of cavitation {Bu poss f abservng tSopend en the ype of caviaion, which ie covealed wth the ype trimachie, Especial or cavitation tent (a-varlatio) with Francis runners of medium o Nah Specie speed where caviaton uavalygecute at ne runner out, fle important thatthe Stator comtane tuictent nll, which ean be actated to gfow In zones where the local Droste is equal tthe vapour pressure. Prototype measurements show tat normaly the number of rucel & sullen to produce Coven vail zone ofthe unnerimpalr, wre Vepour pressure preva. the number andthe za of nla ae reduced by fasgaccing of he wer oesureng coring estan tess. Tha rosa i tha, at defined o-alve eg at olan, an nsufien! number of ruse! are acwatea to grow Inthe Tow pressure Sones, whieh redacos the extent f vst evan to cavitation, model water quality esi toprtatypa conston the tha entation development gure inl the tal oo fse tan the vapour pressure. This means a, resuting ep In 2.32 Tost condtions 23.21 Determination of test eontions ‘The tel eondtons tobe chosen for he ailerant types of test aro dependent upon: = sapay tet neato ani it neato 11d mechanical design othe mods! machine = guaran 1 anor species operating range ‘Tho same model shal be used or performance’ and cavitation 1 guarantees or spectog data are given forthe prototype, the required modal ost parameters tan be eatelotod rom hydraute emitude, Seine in 2.3.2 ©), applying tho formule In ‘8.25, ts eazarn atin owing aspects re iaken ino acount: = the permite minimum values of table 4 shave staid: = sno mechanical iiaine due to mode! design shal be checkedsp 160000 -135- {ho lintations due to sesign ane operation cf the as rig and avaible instrrntation shal Se conasered ois used for comparative tosis shal be the same site and tested at aporoximaively the se Reynolds number (21.3.2), perermance test, is sometimes recommended to choose a test space hyaule ‘gy ngher than the minimum vase to seni s higher Reynalgs nubs (Frouda humbet impulse tutes) when soser to ta ofthe prloype node To rece the fli 2 unnecessary to requ that eavilatin model texts a a spectc hydeaulcenargy be equal that ofthe prototype, Mowaver, iz goneraly rat easable fo tert he model at very om, tale tyatoute energie because of the reduced messuremont accuracy and tha Wak ot Jassing in th iow pranaure repo, inthe above considerations the absolut range of values ofthe following model quantities, ihe test condtons fer each ype of tet ean be deine! spend or specie hydaute enersy diecharg power andr torque ret postive auaton energy (or tion machina} 22 Minimum values for model size and test sonditions tobe tuitlled ‘order to aenieve good hysaulesemarty between model and proteype, ite necessary 10 he minimum values fof mode size, Reynolds uber. and test spec hyraulic energy fev in able 4, Iv additon to Me requrements for geometicel simlarty. and. sutece ‘dnness of model and prototype sipuited in 2.1.3.4 and #2. 26 minimum values shal be etistie in oa 0 ‘nsure the requiced dimensions accuracy, with aermal manufacturing techriqus: ‘btn test resus wih suliien measurement secrecy, independant of ineemissibiatast ondtone (eset ae ot gas sepaeton suring eavation ass) ‘reduce scale ellects between model and prototype, by testing a sppropvate Reyne and Froude numbers 12 vous mieima are independent of ach cher and shal al be satisfied, Normally, models Guid be as ange te pracieabe, but nover leet han the values states 60199 © 1ec:1999 197 or mode size and tot parameters aectowy | qeptm'neny | _ (Patan) Fares nmta a ait om Beit este sad ce Ow Seoor eee ae o sone wo Besa wa : eon 2 Gig 2009" OREM 23.23 stability of est conditions Fuctuations in the various measured quanlias cannot be avoided. Such fvtuations can be of Proce or random nator witin lage trequeney range. They ean be generate by elomants 1 the test (e.g, boost pump, tong davioes, corral system for lom head proctor, ot) nar byte motel machine (e'.vorices nthe Saft tube, rotating sia, eta}, During model {cata a easantial tht atl eperaing pants, rentable steady-state operalng condone ae it ‘Sparano ina proteype 2323.1 Stabilty ae tact mn during measurements Betoro ang during tha measurement ofa point, the operating stably of the test ig ehall be such that rpeated measurements of the sama operating pot nre win te agreed random Uncertain ofthe various measured quanies (e.g. win 2.9% forefiancy close fo best tlicieney coations). Ths also means that dling Gisnarge, specie nydraale {norgy speed and net postive suction shergy sna iI (o.g wei 20,3 6) Dring ‘ects sual itoducesystemati ear, ane thal threlorabe eliminated uctustons ding te mensurent oa poi canbe checked by means of the standard Ura weed yay cr te Sneed anton cee he oe ae sauipose ‘wih Sule dota soqston stom. he toa ar alacted by Wuatons, i ay be ecessary lo anny toon hyoravle damping (sea 8.9.24) to adjust the fring of lees tlpnas 00 314.52) to adjuct the ast condone orto apply other means to eitinss ese ci. Honore, auth means aha a bias the meseured ual. 23.2.82 Aelustment of the oper ing point ‘nen tne operating points to be measured are dened by spactied smonsioniece values [speed lator, dacharge tetr, Thome mumbor or cther dimensionless lee) conesponding to ‘ha conacualy speced one, its mecausar to adj te test sonaons ao hat hey ara a3 ose ae possible to the speciled data. Devieons. telwsen mesuured and speciiod ‘Smensionlors values should nol exceed 305% Yor speed, deaharge or power costar! or Tactor ang 28% forthe cavitation count ot Thoms number290 16C:1999 a 199- fn planning model to8i, the folowing tome covering general acpocts of preparation, ‘nvation androalization shall be cariieg and aged on by tne saron shed, B44 Specitication tor mode tests positon tac model ats i the basis fer planning ans preparing a model secoptance tst Per ating ina detaled technical programme of tate (ave 23.3.2) This moval test ‘ctraton a ten pant ofthe ganera Technica andiorcommerea speciation to" whole Jet (2.9 supply and manufactur o urine of eplacemat unnetimpate) saved by Ne (haver ort enginae cong other toms the specifeaian or moda test shal deine: object, 200 and extant of model txt tetecence 1 guaranteed and spect pant dt rolerence to test standoré; model sealeandionsie; piave(e) whore the modells) 3 crsin components are manuteture sees were the models) sare este documentation of resus (0trepor) ‘ime Schad inaeating, as minimum, ttt and ong tas of work for model esting, 21.2 Time sehedule ime schedule should be agreed on, which indettes as a minimum, the aiferant sagas, dines aalor duration tera otoing tame! submission of model drawings (especaty those showing model constuction and principal Sinaions of mode! Nigh an low bressue sie ata tvanstion to Mo's"), description of testing. equipment (Iclsing mothods ot cabraton, calculation and Fepressotaton of resute ans expected unorainias a meccuret) chpek of mace geometry prolminary and acceptance (x winessed) tests end sequence of modals tobe tasted inthe teat opens, fe manufacuror shall vaya be given suician ine to manutactua the modal, aking ll Setuay Smonsicnal checks and earring ot a own prepa‘oy fest, hes his ewn itor} or oer. tn cass f Tet! ocupment efecs or model machine elects sisng fag solinaty ov acceptance Tess, smut agreement is nacessry fo mocly the tie [ELS ator he est proaranne 3348 “Personnel and responeibiities olor and ot the ind Bimancemen. thelr sponstiles and autharty sna be eared, 29 thal eny posions inp suring the preperation for’ and) condictng ol tesla can be quckly resolved, 60195 © tec:1909 =e Bain purchaser ang supplier shal be ented to have autherizad reposontaives present a Tote, inspections and dimensional ects of ho model and preteype, ino ‘ely tha thoy are performed in aceatdance with both sanders and ary por agreement. For the carving out of test (at defind in 2.88.1), ci of tests anal be dasignated, The Chi of test ean be asicted trom the Technical sat! of the laboratory ware the Todel Is {ated ory speci agreement between the pares, an cependent expert can act as chet of teats he che ot tata yal assum ful responsibly forte corrct carton of stuart, trocuon ot teste and computation of reel, insusing detonation of uncataloe. cf ‘oasurement and documentation of results inthe teal fest epot. The che of Tess chal ‘Sera omar a ugunion by ayo he ey atone rersetaven ofthe pares atendng the tess wen model est are conducts in a independent or external abertory, tho supply ean be hing all sctvies forthe test of his Mode, Including the instalation and any “Tho ttt sal be carried ou by personel having experince wi he test equipment 29.3:14 Design of the model and preparation ofthe test instalation ‘In order 19 prepare the model and ths testing eauipment, the teats e00 23.51.) shal provide ll elevate for sign and manufacturing o the model machine ooh 9 = extent of he water passages to be moselad onthe high and low pressure sis ~ locaton ofthe prossure measuring sections number and loeson of cbssrution windows: = prosslons for exchange andar agustment a made! components = provisions for epacial tate (video recorcing of caviaon pater, pressure tuctuations, ‘tide vane terqu, axa or radial trust, volastyprties, et = tert conditions fra typeset speci oss; = ajuting range for geometric parameters (9. aximum dstbutor opening, ot). In adstion, sullen ta detning tho extent and conditions for al tho ttis shal be given to stlee! modelo ba conscted and prepared eczacing fo he sas ot heat. i an foasbia to Solct ho approprto tost fai, and fo check the genera arrangement ofthe ‘oda nthe test ip, mstying or earanging Some ol te existing eompanants of he tat 1 fe tecommendod that iatow and outlow pats as wall as the detntve location of the Pressure measuring sectons andthe rumbar of prossure tapings are agroed upon stan oary age of ace! sign 23318 Instrumontation and processing of test data ‘The person respansbe forthe eects aberatory or chief tsts shall provide the purchaser, or he engin (Geseigton of the sancard ineromentation Insta on tHe eet 1g, ‘messvrng and ealtaton metodo, on ha proceseeg ot ealbatioh tnd on data arden documentation ors In 2ome laboratories, there are two of more instruments permanent installed for measuring @ Postcuar quart. One shal be selcies as the instument whose, measung signals ot [cotors are tobe used in calculating the resus and tne cine) shal be veed only fr ‘elernce and fener sontel purpose9 @1ec:1000 1a stimes the eseulstion of fost resus occurs in several stops using mote than one ‘puter system. In tis ease, ho evaluation procedtra forthe quunites Soncamed shal oa ‘od in deta. t'shat be agraes which quantes are procesved om ine and iomeclteyy Sented on records andlor daprame, and nin teat recs ave called and Gosurusted 3.1.6 Dimensional cheeks » components thier are tobe chacked before, during o ator the acceptance tests shall be tied, The mothoce to be used lor cimencional checks and ine erosive: ant ana {ber of dimensions to be checked (soo 22) shall be apioed in eucent ime fo enable Goeumants and moasutng eaument to be separse accor. f aopted by he ts possible fo make spothecke dung te acceptance eal 942 Inepections and callbratons ny bofore the stat of he preliminary andor acceptance test, tho model, the testi, the Tumertaion an the data acaulsiton ana processing system shal be thorouglyinapectes| ho represents ofthe pares and tho chet of tei, te enaute tat tho lost eau ere Iifected by any mechan iets ot the model of the tasting spent measuring instruments should bo caloratad against primary metods (as expininad in 3.240 Torr foto fete ana alsa aftr comploson of facta Woe ol the ponies 30 desires altratons durng fete may be necestary sour problems mth the standard measuting ‘pment gecur,soth as a defect ol an inetumon oa meaeurng chan or 2 signiieant rd temate deviion ofa mensuiing signal at zoo relerance conations 1 mtnods to be use he extent of various calbrations (apotchack or compte calibration) the precseure shall be agreed on by th parties Delve beginning ma prelnnary oF prance tosis, Bases on cereal documents produced by the responsible of he laborsry hot of fests, may be mutaly ageees, for cena Iatomont, that the latest existing ‘ration data be used windut ute ealoratons erences 3.2.1. Inspection ofthe model machine re tobe checked andor raorded \contiieaton of model components ty means of the eoresponding model crenings (especialy ts planned to exchange or moaiy cviain compres cuties seometic dimonsons as ited in 2.2 characteris dimensions used for celeuatin of tat eeu (2.9, eras of high prassure na ow prossre easuring eectans) clearances andor blac pclarancee! Invdal_ and, average valuss of ulce vane angle or needle openings ancor ‘unnerimpelor ieee eninge surface quali, impuries anos! faults nthe dit ropa matehig tthe jens of components nt components: ‘onforiy wit erence mansions onthe model drawings secessory, these checks shal be repented i mechanical faults or defects occur ring the 1a" gao 2.33.1). oF at ite-end of wingatad tosis in the prosence. of tho authorizes Sosentatvos oli paris concarned. These checks tre prt ole tl oceptance test cone iec:1088 us- 233.22 Inspection of he teat clveult ‘As eminimum, the folowing checks shall be cue ou: or supply shall occur between ihe medel anc the lacharga ting nd outlet and close tothe secharge measyring 908 shal have no dsturancee and the wetted Brfacesshallbe of ae0d ual = the booster pumps an regulating daicws (valves, supply of water and pressurize ar, ete) hal wore rope the water quaty an emporatire shal be sable 98 2.1.23) N necessary, some checks shall be repestad at the end of the acceptance test, In the presence ofl partos concerned 293.23 Calloration of neteument check ofthe dua acquisition system 1 anatlbe agreed by the paris concomed: ~ to what oxtantthe various instumants shal be cabrated or spot-chackat = ifallinsruments require tobe spt-ehecke or caltratedbatra an tar accaptance tes = the condition for ne recalibration ofan istument during er afer acceptance test: ~ range of calbyation and aumber of elation or check pont or he vasousistument = te basis ota an ne ocodure fo" evaluting the systematic uneertines related tothe chibration ct ch measured quant, Betore and attr the acceptance toss, 38 a minimum, he folowing checks or measurements ‘ha be made ~ Idemteation ot instuments andlor measuring devices used ~ ‘ze10 readings, Le. readings in wot defined conatons forthe aferent Instruments, to ater ary ing attests oecured eng the ote ~ check ofthe data acquision system by repeated measurements wll deine operating onatione anual sample eaiultone shal semonsirat mat aeguaion, trasiioson nd processing ol test data {usually aut) mush Pry measurement of macharie!ttonYorge in bearings and aha seals which are ot bul Inloor conacted to a stair of tNo awingng typo (avtomattal yng the argue on Ihe ‘Unnet or pele, in orer La decae i any tro covrecione chavs be apled The "zero reacngs" are usually checked dung preliminary and acceptance tess, Alhe other hacks and eabatons wil bo repaste, it necessary, tthe end ot te necaptance ts in th presence al patos concerned199 01EC:1009 ure order to ensure tha vay of castration resus te nities (such as ambient fempeaiure and humidity, poner Supp. elecromagrets fed, ) wihin a reasonable range dung sateen and dung ase (oce 3.3.2) Yl he interested partes may, for decared and substantiated ibaton of any inetumant uring he course of ate 33.9 Execution of tests nasa Type: ondet an acceptance test successtuly and elclenty requires good preparation by means ceva rzaaony fet. Gepencing on haute pannay ara seepanc es + easier entiation of the staws of teste and for improved communication between the ‘8 involved he standard tines the flowing types ot ess Propartory tests!) (ten eso west are not specified in etal, but hey are essential wih raspact tote quality fal further testa. They comprise ~ shacks and tests to ascettin that model performance and causion pattern are act sllected by any mechanical coeets of melo eat ig and measuring eau pment heck, on the eorect oparation of the measuring equipment and data acquistion fystem. Olen, i is hip to erlorm a ryntomatio varaion ot tho Tost speed is 8 \araton of E) at constant anda varaion of NPSE (va. variation of) atconstat Torat least one operting pai normaly, fr rtrral use ofthe sui o Preliminary oct These are tess cover by the technical speiieaon (soe 223..1) or tecnica! rogram (sao 23.393), ed the xe Is main cepenen onthe he ube ofthe Fesuta, Therefore, he pores invotos nave to apres bore beginning ne fects, whatvon laboratory any ~ tho resus af tobe used for information only and have 90 contractual value. In that {eter the petininany tas are used ony to expre he gneta Sonar or fore We ‘Fhe model wih eopct to specie fmt = ot wheter the resuts Wl be sed oficial and have contractual value, In that cass, these resute are part ofthe ins tat sta tobe competed or sporchecked uring st ‘Scene ee. era, the ents cad Scag each ne whewrey te tp, es explanad in 38.26 and te systematic snd random sncetaintes as exanes in 325.2! omover such data halve contemod Gung We secopanee tes sr tey uate nonin ese Hl seat wh ae ot eons 20198 © 1ecs1900 -9- ) Acceptance tats (¢ winassed tess) ‘Thos tosts moasure, establish or check al relevant model deta wbich are dfiod by the {sehnical specication (see 2.2.8.1.) or techie! programme (e00 2'3.83.2) and whee ‘om the basis for comparison wih guarantees or thar contacuayspociod ste Ue of rest: i esuns ar of contractual value and shall be summarize inthe final test repo (ee 233) 4) Aeationel ests + ‘Those Ya tsis which supplement th rsuls of praliminry and acceptance tats and which may include teats for adationa cataxplaiad in T.44, Such tasks may ot may nok So ease Use of resus these resuts are also summarized in the final test report (880 2.32.8). However, the possible contractual volue shal be apreed on 29832 Technical programme {etrring to he echnical speciation (oe 2.3.31) and 3s and dala, shall be esiabithed in advance end greed upon oy & aries involved. I not covered by ine contact! eoeumens the eomramne snot ove fe Durpose ar the exten of te various typos ol tote to be peritmes ding Secoptinee lust To aon ele’ progets inating and decumoniaten be olen ch be speci for each type of tos, such ae main hydraulic parrmanee ees eeoreten ton ‘bide vane torque tsi, ate = rangos o! hyraulc parameters 10 be variad arg comesponding Inctements, 10 define the umber ane astrbion of test ans: : ~ {65t conditons tobe mainiained constant, i. usualy the test spead (or specie hyraulo ‘neray) ane the Thoma number lets a oF higher ood umber and type of test data tobe corded andthe methd af recor, ~ dtintions, formulae and procedures (668 3.8.1 and figure 62} to be used fr calevinton ot ‘model snsior rotate rout ~ guisetines fr graphical repeesentatin of test resus 'Wnacessary, or he ascoptancetets, the technica! programme can be supplemented, in oder to lay and dina, for exampe extent and sequence of checks, calatons and ess tobe winessod . ~ reverting andor graphic! representation of tst data tobe signed by he pares to the number and tition ofthe tet pont) to be massured for @ sample calculation and for aleulation of systematic, random and teal uncrtanes, rereration ofa dil lg and of afin! protac! (se 2.3.3.8). 23323 ow to bo used fr esleulation ofr Betore te basinning of prlininary. for ealculaion of modal and prototype lor acceptance tts, tho data and formula tobe used "esuls shal Be checked and agieas on Such cata ae 250 igh- and tow ure measuring seions;sao reca99 a1 eomati and hydraulic relerences and data of model and prototype: 2ysleal constans ane properties fot mode! and pote: “nodal ction torque (rot automaticaly compensated); 2albyaton data or al relevant instore leakage owerate trough iabyinth seal, considered (80 21.948) sliieny step-up procedure, sample calculation shall demonstrate tha corect use of these data and explain the 44 Signing and handling of tet records plete records of messurad model data and coresponding data at za:0 or rloronco ‘ions, as wall a8 notes fom inspections and calbratons, readings and obeervatons ‘ing the acceptance fests ana/or praiminry fata anal be agiced ot and signed y Ine noesing pares ana bythe ena of, say on completion of each phase, an kapt ‘compet set by each party. a: 5 Performance ts + recommended to satermine st the est effcioncy pant in nan caviaing eontions, i, {for pump-turaine, n bom mores of eparation) as the Bane for ealeltion of By (ees 212) and eieeney increase ny least within the range of guarantee, the petormance tests shal be cared out at constant sea ov at constant ts! head. For compursion of test ruta (ees 98). is pleorabi > ‘form the tests at constant speed and wate Temperatura (posse), 20 hat tne resulting ‘rots wamee Is approximately carstant If sue to lmiavons o he model ancl the fost falaton, constant Test conailons cansat be maiinned, 2822 mxpaiw the trtner Searing required of such performancs ist results the samme subelousa, some (ple! ‘phicalpresontatons of reeuts cf partomance tests Yor various tes of macrinee, a Orn ee gues 55 to 8) Aeaconmacies ntanee ol eavation = at plant Thoma number a Inthe cate, erpecily ar machines ol higher spc speed, cavitation which can aot Shsency coud occur win We ange of guaran cisery. Tasha obs hacked Sy eant ot evanatonn be siete tons as emplaned and ured in 22.888 = stnomeavating conden, wih ov» oo “Tis means fat he Thoma number u's sient hgh to avoid an caviaten. As @ CEreaquence, ba porate infuonce i Sviahen 90 the patarmance curves at ant Scndhion ini be chactod vy acarnions au supane in 23.22 H tae lst eves Siar ntn te ange ol guortniee ar ifuonce sents, gure 70 (ena 98299) sanane tha correction procecure forthe etary cvve measured ith Oy oy Imps bios nonce ofa ove! Tunes, tis raconmandas to deterine the taser slevation al wtih Isatfcted. Te aheck fo be done at sleced ful oad operating pont, by Earying the tnvatr lov 0193 orecs1999 a 13- 2.8.3.6 Cavitation tate on reaction machines 2 Cavitation ests, Lo, systomate variations of he Thoma number ¢, cmbined with recording of the caviaton pater, aro porformed at sslected operating pos. The resus ave usally id.n igure 71 and 72. At specioa valves of (eg. at 24) con be how ‘aviation inuences. performance elieieney, resarge ‘or spastic hydric energy, power). Ii the ony way to check the eelety margin between the omlues ‘ltd plan coco ard be ori a whic paromance ete ob lao y igure ™ Catan geometric model parameters cemsin Constant I shal be agreed. whether the ace'gy ootien or speed taco) she alscherge Coote (or alscharge Taco shal be kept costar i the medal ls equipped wih sutabe windows or transparent pats i is possible t speci values of, fo observe the eaviaten patton st the unnarimpeliar andr in he drat hs {ere tor exampio, the vortex rope at pat Toad operaion France tuminas Becomes sbi) bythe use of streboseoplc ight It alo posse fa cbserv ny cain pattern oy ‘ntoduting an endoscope ino the mas. Usuaiy, is cavitation paten i ocorded oy means tinancalskelchos, phat 0 Vise. ‘The resuls of cavitation tests may be used to Indicate othe shanomens associat wth Caviaion such a2 noe, vrai ang pressure Huctuatin, For the consequences of not respecting the Froude sila for large low epectc hyeaulc ‘Shegy macnings, see 2451 eh Contractual paris shal agroe on tho client rearance levels and the corespending op values wo be used (s9e 23.151 and annex hi aswell ae on te method of ow he niloon ‘ol cavitation on performance, If any, shoud be Considered when Wansposing the reste 1 prototype eorations (soe 983.43) 29.9.7 Runaway texte 19h nsumeraton and ho ‘oquboed wih diving moter o compensate eon torave ve to shal bewings snd seals, ts asualy possible fo mantain Pay = yan tus to sstabish dect the pois ofthe runeway characters, ithe procedures not posse, he funamay conditions can be detormined by exrapoiton {as an trample 08 gre 0) or Oy lm most casts the specie hydraulic eney is atuced, so that he highest speed which can be endured by the made! andor tha testing facity pot he minimar Fnaway speed of the model should nat be tower than the speed used for performance tesing Tha nuance of Reynocs and Fouse numbers ie aseumed 1 be nepgle he range ne toronaway, The cunaway tests shal b cared out wth a eiicient variation of geometric parameters ofthe rmosel mactine, so thal the most unfavourable combination of parameters anal epcetog oncions ace covered. For mulet pula trinas(Pellon turbines), the masinums eae fate runaway sped shal'be measured taking te necout he mort uiavurabecombeaon, ‘Subetause 2.83.1 explains how the mode! runaway chareceristes ave d ‘ypes of machines and igros 74 to 76 give some oxanpis grep Fnaway speed factor Man mine fr sterentese 1ecs1000 ~155- {easton machines, he intuence of cavitation on model runaway data tobe checked se $3.2), The relevant Gyvale shal fist be agreed on: anal rate tothe Most union hs ‘eanaions wen ci eeu ring nunaway (tan at masérum asec eae ea ‘8 a0 than tno posse mohocs lor anesthe ntuosee earn ae 2erform the model runawey tests ata sulficionty high Tham number, and then check st elected, ciel operating points th itvenc of cavtaton ty memset create Detabish curves nena (0) and Geog e) foreach ofthese pont 2anry ou tho model tunaway tests at 3 338 Tost te check adationat aa | proveduroe applied fr tess, suchas: >rossure fseatons Julde vane torque ur-quedrantportrmance characteristics civ in clause & which deta ‘relevant aspects of these addons testa summaria or each day ‘ames of th persons patipating inthe ests; Detvtes such as checks, calvation, tet sores, scuesons 2aroamens, dessins and ureesohvedissves wih respect tet osu Todifiations of he techaieal programme andlor let programme hi ond ofthe accoptance tess na protocol shall be established covering a eas urpose of acceptance a2 cation and date of ts ames of parsons patina idantication of he mol anor tne mods! components comments anor conclusions on 4+ Inspection of tet ip instumentation and installation‘ the mn: + caloration of istraents; + ata aequision syetain esrplecatteton; + neck of model geomet Atacussion of fsuts and comparion with guaran andlor spectod data, covering at + unaay tote 60193 © 12c:1080 n157- ~ conclusions regarsing whether: + uorantees and speciation have been m + test rocuts are complate with respect to te technical programme and technical pecan for Ne model tat = agreements on: : + edsvona (any) + documentation of est resus; 1+ onpmont etorage ofthe mode 23.4 Faults and repetition of teste 29.2.4. Types of faults and consequences During the acceptance test, tats inthe dl, test gn may ais, suchas, 5} mechanical aut in the model ~ bearing oF sens of the model fail and elfect a change of macharical lett losses, Replacement bearings ancior seals need lo be tte, Dt the inechaiaal ston ey may have changed ~ ‘unning clearances andor toting constions In ping for eakaga fow-ato may heve ‘change, effecting changes in hyeaule pertomence, ~ guide vanes andor runnerinpllr bades become mlesignod allecting perlormance nai entation patos ~ mechanics detoct on runnerfinptler oat other mods! components oscur. 2) fais in th tes go ntrumontation: ~ unitual vraions of speed, specie nyerauteenorgy or dacharge a fats nthe ausllay conal sysions ot he inoduces cua to tg or due to malunctionng of ‘component = tional enkage du to an open vale ora detect in the measuring leads ie detectod: ~ exceecve shift f instrument indeations at 2ar0 conditions before and afar a series of ©) faut in data processing matfunetioning of he data acquiion sytem may produce teulty tat eeu ~ faulty test resus are prod due to isotect reference or eallation sate ‘The correction of such faults shall be closely supervised by the eho of tests and all parios concerned be takon fo entura that none of the patos fe o thal pol The fests shall be eompotad In Ne ‘ofthe yer design ‘ter conection ofthe fu, several propartary teste andlor patininary tate should be mado to ensure that the mosal is behaving wxacty as A was Uelero he tate accones MMe artomane is proven 10 have change, en by muvelagievnen, th frou eis1996 1g¢:1900 n189- be alowed o stand and no further ests be deemed necessary ob dociared valid and the whole series of taste repeated 84.2 Procedure for repetition of teats ‘of he paris shall have the sight to requ interuption andor repattion of the adoa'e chet ef tete dae valid ha reasons put lrwar, fr evar unsatstactory agreement betweon cabins belore an ar test; test rg, instrumentation or data processing maltinction ‘machanca aut in tne mode non-compliance, to sigriicant cegres, wih tis standas, excapt as otherwise agreed such a situation, the other pares) andor the hit of taste may also demand a repetition the tests, ie recommendod that he subject of repeated ten repeating earations and he "pons for he associated coss be subject to wittan agreement batoranand no agreement can be reached on how to conduct such a repaion of tests or who is 'Sonsibie for he actions costs, tho mater shal a feleted le an incependontarorator eplabla oa partes. Las Final 3 report fr completion of all tests accorcing to the teciical spocionon for model teste (see Y5.55) and the technical programms [eas 22.42), a fa test roper shal be prepered ing fo the rues set out in hs standard and signed bythe chal of fete. The partes shall ‘ee weiner a raft of tne whole por or only salcted chapters heve tobe approved before ‘ating th final version. © ial reper shal cover primarly the etowing ems cxject and purpose of tats, wth reterance to technical epectleston of meds teste ‘reuding rlgvant guarantaes and cier contractual data records ofa agieemen's, and other essential documerts patnant to the tate orsenno aking part inthe tosis; Aeszrigton cf the modal machine togehes wih savings showing, as a minimum, he main Seeion of tho model and is ganeal arrangement nthe les Aescriptin of the test ig and the measuring equipment, cluding calibration methods and date processing ondtions (netuding consideration ot geal fest, an caliation data and inspection reports: test prosedurs for he eifrert peso tots, og covering actos rlated tothe speci toets and ho sequonce ot sifaront tosis; 2) ralavan tat records and datasheets rm measurements and observa ofthe various {ete together mith tne ost osu grape ropreconted 1) calouiaton of uncertainties of mensuromant wih celorence tothe ealbation Hat, resus Si furmor obs cor93 810-1999 a 161 12) scusson and interpretation of test resute and comparisen wth guaranteed and other ntactual data 1) coneuslans a8 to whethor or not the guarantee and conatual requirements have beén tet. and the tests ee completa ih respec fo the techie speceaton, 2.4 Inroduetion o the methods ot measurement S Its recognized that no physical quantity can be measured winout enor, Consequent, tho ‘eaut of any measurement is worhioss i net sccompanied win the associated uncer Estimated af 2 given conidence level. General peserptions on anaiysi and sominaion of Uneerantes ae glenn 3. tls to be measured dung a model tet to vay the main hydrauleperormance 5 detined In 1.4.2 requ a high level ot accuracy. Fa tis reason, the presences Bjven In eause Oo the standard are mandatary in oto ae ast may be deemed foe in Sccocdance wih tis standard. Subelauea 2.41 gvee presorpions on how to calculate tre Guantves (power, eicieney) which ate derives om he Basi quatites (ascraige, speete Fdraue energy, shaft Torus, speed of rotation, yéraule antes such as NPSE. and olatod tothe Info of cavitation onthe hyautc fame physical measuremart, and tus at Ne Basie quanta ‘Aonalqusntties are determined rainy for guidence, even It some of them may be ot foiracua infareat eae cla 4), 2.441 Measurements related tothe main hydraulle performance guarantees 2Ad.A Hydrauleotiianey The purpose of © model acceptance test on a hyd machine in accordence with this Standard i fo compare ine achieved hydra prtarnancs, oxpessed ier ae te measured Inedel parormance or tanaposed to potlype performance, wit pusanioes. ion oy th Ripe ° * ae Since thre ia ne cortelation between the mechanical losses (gower Sespated in the ide bearings, thrust bearings and that coals) ef he modal and ose of he geotayee’ ee fomparson shallbe based on tha mechana power atrunnarimpeter Fy (208 Va 69) See hydrate etceney ny (S08 1.3.3.8.1) and ne te mochaniel powor of he machine P (eo 18.82) and offetensy 9 e00 1.8.39.) Lpaaule stir i elelated tom Wotan is gen by dhe hydraulic power exchanged win the Ta lr tine, and B m= Be tora pon, Isha be noted tha according to hese dstnons tho die tcin losses ond takage lose {wont ors) ate tonldered nti sanded ae haute Sense Sno Wag a ‘correction is made. ‘ease ere‘S20 16c:1999 =a Principle of tho metho inveves the measurement of axcharge ©, specie hykaule ‘vB, orqueT and relational spasm » eect determination of hydrauie effclency by the thermocynamie method is not ‘ommended for model acceptance lst, 12 Wyre power » detrmination of hydraulic poner aquest knowledge ofthe epsctc hyautc energy of machina and of tre ase ow rate tough the hgh pressure referee secon of he ar The formes Pre Et) {transter of water 10 or trom tha system between the reerance section and the sicharge ‘suring eaction shai be tacon ina aceaurt. Where the volume flow rata fe measuea, Ne Ue obtained shal be associat witha vel af water ens in the condtions of pasts Somperatara provaiing the discharge measuring sien _inse, 25 ering how octane aes of pn quant sich a in al ‘oration due to gravy, the water density es. thar by ‘rect measurement oF Hor atonal recognized ferme or tates. Mathods. of clsenige mesturement a Jeibed in 32. Maheds a tpectie hyerauls energy determinaion, tram pressure lssurerent in accordance with 23 for possibly rom water lvel measutement in accarsancs 18a.) are described ns 4.2 Mechanica! power leuaton of the mechanical power fom the measurement of elacticsl power at the “oviganerator Terminals ana am th steer of he later snot recommended for rede Scptance teste. Thus th determination | mocharicsl power athe unnerimpal rues Sledge ofthe iorque supe bylapped tothe runneimpeler ana oie rotaional Poeun Te sthode_of torque mesturement ora described in 9.6 Methods of rotational speed ‘asurement ate described 3. 14.8 Computation of eticency ‘om the datntions gon inthe provieussubcluses, th hydraulic efceney ot a model in the ‘Satng conctione prevalng curing a poim may be caeuated Sy 2rete Eipah $22 rae 20193 © 1ec:1900 165 When the quarariees are retard tothe preotye performances, tho hyauleefcency and mechanical cower of unnerinpaler of the proteype. shall be. Yelermined. tron. the otresponding quantities of tho mde by applying a seala-up formula, es exaged In'8.28 ‘The mechan losses ofthe protaypo shal then be taken fo. eeecunt fo Stor ‘mecnanical power ofthe machine (aowedeivered bythe tse sal orto he pump st ‘and the tla eticiency ofthe Myerautle machina = ty. he, more simpy called "eteney this standard (ees 1.3.8.03}). lod to adational data In action tothe vereation of he main hyraule parormanca gusrantees. mode! tests may be used to determine some addtional data (see clause). Ths impes ine measurement ot "he savonary andlor fituating conpanants otro Myaute or mecharieal que 2.43 Acqulation and proces ing of data Whatever the quanty to be mascurod, particular cara shall be given 10 the method of !voraging aucluating signal to cain to rue mean value a! he pheisl auarty ana tha Snatyais of hs signal © characteriza tho frequency thd amlede he. hocwaione Subciauses 1 and 4.2 ga guidance onthe requirments ol tw tystem of measuroment and ‘on daa processing for obainingsvorage and tustusting quetiosiespoesveh 25. Physica! props This subclause defines the rain physical propories needed to characterize the nyérause ehavour of hydraulic machines. Tha tems and detinions ot roost ofthese quanttes aes Fstodin 1.3.3.3 togptar wi ine synbos ond une ‘The formulaa which can be used in data procssing to calulte these quantities are listed in {he foaming subeauses. For eenvenienc lables of numerical values derived Hom thes formulae are ven anne 8. lon due to gravity Acceleration ue to gray (2 1.8.8.1) 8 given as a function of lattud and aude 8.7803 (140.0053 sing) -9 104-2 9 he latitude in agree, and 218 the atte a mee, ‘The computed vas of 9 a6 gen in table 8.1 and ao piesened in igure 29, ‘The intemationl standard vale fg i 8,608 65 m 52 Wf measured values of g avo avaisbi, thoy shall be used. The local vilue of 9 can be ‘maasurad or example bya pendulum ore a(n vacuuso recn999 a1r- roof ff : TI 000 | es oveh fae nace 1 boom omy i 998 |} 4000 f Bes oI aa Se ae TOF Figue 2~ Acceleration eto gravity 3 -#) 3 Physical properties of water 2:1 Doneity of water 2.4.4 Application ofthe danaity of water esting hyrauls machines, the density f wate (99 1.33.9.3)sallbe known in oxda 0 aterino the specs hycraulic energy of machine & trom pressure measurements (S88 13382) eterna the mass How rato (pO) needed for the calculation ol me rydraule power (e60 teat: 4, ngcossary, ‘alee the pressure from measurements by using awalrcoluma manomele (260 3.3.42); otermno na asnarge wnan me weigring meta suse Torte measurement tel oF 13+ thecallvatin (gee 8221 nd 9223). 51.2 Density of actual wator ve water used for model testing ia the laboratory containg slight quantities of cissolved etances, depending onthe local hyotogienl condtions,Tmeatore fe tual eons a Shor tan that of ait water pay (ane 25-2412). However, the value f pin De Mosel eauipmant genaralysifere by Ios han 605 rom he valus ot eitlog wae, eor9a @1ec:1980 = 160~ For eolevition ofthe hydraulic efficincy his deviation is naghginle# tho determination of he Specie hyérauic energy ofthe machine Ei predominanty.osained by ‘prestra measurement a anex 0). Therefore, me! cases, fs cle a Sulble Sop) be However, iit is necaseary to deter rratnods ean be app the density py of te water actualy used, sever Increct metnod using a calbatedprasture gauge connected to state BE escrbedin3.35.2" ~ direst memecs auch as a precision hydromeler (2-9. # pyenameter ct 0 called “ens Botley ora buoyaney method, lt iay be assumed that the slo of he actual and died watr denstes i constant whatever the presbive and temperature. So, he donsiy of te actal water has been moasured st cain condone c ot pressure and temperature (Pm), ts value for any ctr conation an be ateleed oy 7 Pose Poe Bae hore pus ad pg 8 cleuated according 19 2.5.2.4. 253.19 Density of cited water The formula forthe donsy ee of di 5 function of tempera ‘ervod by Hetost and Roageror [arom the arirsa state equcton of te Stile water In determin the counts below, he fot results of tnd ot Kat, McLautn and Whalley] were sea free entnaigy of tna Whey 1) ou n18[ Bot] b= ben +a0-1t) fo = 10a} a= ho-0) (anny From 0°C1020°C:8,=0°C From20 "C10 50°C:¥, =20°C ‘The formu valid nth uso prossura zang rom pax = O10 180-105 Pa “Tobie tush the coaticants Ry (m? kg)see ec1999 cute ‘Table ~ Cooticients ofthe Herbst and Roegenes formula Tjian leprae range 826 Hae re it mm a ha open Te Tet Te Ta Saoearea- 10% | ansazeern 107 | ~aareravaee 10? | eaaadio- 107 ad a the formulae of Herbs! and Roogenor sth formulae of Borel and Lan [7] oF of "Gallagher ond al [8] ean also te used for chculaion oy compute, ‘hese authors have laken the experimental values [5,6] a¢ thir baie. The valuoe ofthese ences are within the same range of aezurecy (20,01 In he ranga of temperature and ‘Sure ae mentioned above, ‘numerical appicton, the simpler ampltiea! equation of Weber (2). semen transoumed yibe used. Tho valves calculated for tomporatures up to 25°C and pressures up -t08Pa ar within the same range of accuracy as mentioned above: ‘Vis ha spect volume in m®- kg ve lip=VollI Asp) 48-10%. (@-B4C. p88. 104. (9-8 46-9) n vont 108m? Kg = 4.8600. 10° (= Panin Pal B=40 (@ = temperature ia“) c= 2,1310019. 407 lues for eet tod watar on the basi of ho formula of Herbst and Roeser I] ate civen in aB.2 and ata reprasenod nice Se. 20199 © 1ec:1999 a a- 2 io +00! +— 1.000 SS 90a] 20-108 Pa| 0.008 0-108 PSS 60.908 a 099415 099.972 to:m? at — = 4°C and bay = 110% Pa ogee: { : ° 10 0 30 40 (0) Figure 24 Density of tod water pa (hm) 2532 Condition of wat 2582.1 Dotintion of nucle and gas cont 2s stato in 2.1.2.9 and 2'3.1.8.2, to datormine the influanee of cavitation onthe pattormance ofthe machine iis useful ie know, nation treasure and tmpersre, cher gonstony ‘he water passing trough the machine, These ther condina ae ~ nucle content (see 2.1.2.2) in tems of number of mle per unt volume of water. The ‘uel conn eorespends apprximatly othe Unlesolved gas ai) Content invari ‘Volume per unt volume ot water - al ived gas content in ers of volume per unit volume et wate, Possible exteme condkions lor water are = comslatly dagnsce wster (water wth ne nue no gas enters ~ completly saturate water (water saturated wih dato goo, however with low content of ~ gh uti contet of water de oan ri resto, independenty ofthe content of dissolved gas. " sneeetl itis curtenty net possibte to spect n advance a va 4epends on modal sal othe required nucle content, which ‘est spec hyaraute energy and olnerfectors ar lecutson of the influence of water conctons (nul content, gas content) in model testing, $09 23°18-2 and rafroneos (i ana ok93.0 1ec:1909 8. 82:2 Determination of nucle and gas (at) content in water 4.2.2.1 Nuclel content in water 2 detorminaton ofthe nucel canton of water ecutes the maasurament of the number and he crea pressure ol masa special cavitation nucel counter is decried in [1] and 9). In tis counter, tho flow ie 2eleraied throughs restricted sacton 1s prometa the oxpioeve avn of nucle 2 Injection of nici can-be performed by the irjctors deserbod in {1} and 2], These 2etors are based onthe rapid expansion of saturated wale tough an otc 13.222 Gas content (aie contont) in water ster normaly cntains gases in dissolve ar unieeched frm. These gates may Be tit or ler aubatanses suchas arbon sense (00s, Ditoled gas content ‘Tho maximum possible amouet of distoved gaees depends on the pressure. and tempoature of tho water andthe setual gas content shal be measured. Two base thous pimoazrement canbe aateg = measurement of sssoled oxygen content using an elctical ana}yzae based on the ‘nygen ditusion through a PTFE membrane (e.g Beckman apparatus (10); physical soparaon: Van Sie method (1, This method allws the extraction of the fotity of the air content, whether in-daxched or occluded form, by caseaGing ‘he Samptiog\undee vacuum iq’ packed eclumn. The ‘vsthod fe Yalngvaly rapid, but rnocesststos working on salvo samplings LUnssoived gas content ‘A gas completly dasoted on the high pressure side ol hydraulic machine may became {tow while movi rom tha high preure tide fo the low posture eae 0! he ecu hue {Sangin the behavior of tha machina, Thorefora, the pHs cenant net ely for caselved But aio for unsasotved gator shouldbe determined. Soch a method Using sn extacton vessel ia daserbed nth {12} «comparison of tha Van Sly, Mar! sna Brand [19] apparatus and a daeoWved oxygon stor i made, nec measuramant ol clssoved and undsusWed gases. 5.2.2 Kinomatie vecoalty . se tinematis sccety «(os 1.2.2.26) of water dapende on Re tmporaturs @ and abesiata ‘Sesure pan nd ie erved om the basle physical proparty dynam visceny sing v= ih {oseala for pis given in (14) ‘owever, for practical ressons In hysaull machinery, an approximate value of vcan be Sreputa using he feliowing formula : 0193.6 10-1999 <7. Using this equation, the average deviation trom tha standard values given in {18 1s 4,05 %, ‘tha maximum devnion e158 % The influence of pressure is nagigibla, The deviation for p = 10 . 108 Pa against a reference pressure ofp = 10° Pas about “005 Values for varepvan in abe 8.3 2.534 Vapour pressure ‘The vapour pressure Pa (866 1.2.3.4) of water betwesn tha water temperatures of @= 0 °C and 8 = 40°C cane calcisted ving he following emaiel fomule: a et0 Bosse “The resulting error i las than 47 Pa Numerical values ofa are given in abe 8.4, 6 (8, ‘Atenton shall be pald to cesohed chomical substances in water which may influence the vapour pressure, 2541 be ‘Tha density of alr py (see 1.3.3.9) as a function of pase and tomperaire of ale can be ‘aleuitod ving ta folning forma acceding to 190 2955 Pu= (Boe 88897-1091 270,15-+ 8) Values of py ate given in taba 85. “The itvence of humiy onthe density of ais nagighia for ha dotorminaton of. 25.4% Ambient p Norma, the ambiont pressure Png (09 1..3.5.2) is he baromatne pressure measured inthe laboratory bya beremater or carosio ven feauts te ConataNe ot foveype a ake (©.0 determination of NPSE or 0 tha sto he ambient pressute shal be calulted using the ‘Standard atmosphere detined in 150 2893, Assuming a near cnango of tomperture with olevatin gual to ~ 65-109 Kin, the ambient prossuremay bo calculated by ha flowing appronmate formula darveg tom 190 2803 Pa 101 925 (1 ~2,2558- 108-2) 508 whore 21s the aovatio, in metos, ‘The resulting error i las than #15 Pa ‘Values fer ng lor 1802599 ae given in table B.8S90 1ec:1999 -179- $5 Density of mercury § sunny of mercury pug (88e 1.33..3) used in iqud manometors is calculated for pure ‘cary by tho folowing Sauation wth pg= 10% 825 Pa (standard ambant posse ate me a = (19595 - 248 6 t+ 9.95.10°" (pp) vos of py ao van in able 8.7, sa8 (181 feury used in practical appictons may be contaminated by casotved metal or by other, {ofals To onsira vals measisemente tha mercy shal bs pura an leas 60198 © 16¢:1999 m 181 3 Main hydraulic performances: methods of measurement and results {1 Data aequlsiton and data processing 8.1.1 Introduction and deintions = nd data procoeting ile the conversion of measured signals into sngingering units tough a measuting chain of severe! compenonts sucha Ntansducers, mutploats, signal convetere or conditonacy Sata siorage caupment and ‘computor, The final eupat ea presentation of parameters se mearingil peforenee data, ting quanies, However, thee average main hyaraule perormarces oa modal ‘values ara of main interest Botner Suarty subjected te measurement ‘measuring device, which provides an output quantiy with a glvan slationehip Yo the input Suartiy transducer with digitized output ‘measuring device wit Bult slecvanis to give a digaad exit (6.9 sera port RS 232) ‘multiplexer (Mux) eve for suitehing wo or more signals in order to share the same analogo- ame Cmte) SULA, | j Seow Figur 25 ~ Time mutpesing dat acguition 9 60103 © 1ec:1999 “3:13 Bata acquisition The gata acquisition system may be arranged in devant ways (ncuting manval methods) ‘epending on ne nardnare avaiable and ne chosen averaging reas Possible arangements and examgles of diferent data acquisition systems are gan, Usualy a combination often systema Ie utee, 4.431 Time mutiploing system In. tine mutiplexing system (gue 25), tha measursnds sre measured via mutiploxors tht ‘scan the channos saquentaly a numberof times ding piven tne poiod ‘The caleuated average value ofthe maasurand is taken for further processing, 8.432 Parallel measuring 6 In. paralel operated ays (tigure 26), he maaturande are measured by a computer ata drecty trom each channal. This arrangement rakes partsie gh seed electing the ata longing and simutenaeus samptng a athe ekanls lave rae rae (ae) Tava (ae) : ; Geacnan]_ aoa i 5 = : — aa as as bad = = eek | rated data acguaiton sytem99 6 1€c:1999 ater 1.4 Component requirements te gumponents in the measuring chain shell bo able to manago the bequency range of Ampeneris transfering infomation about the messurand to the transducer, for example 288410 ping, can cause spurous atfecte and cause ars nthe meserareie x, all the components in the measuring chain, nota that temgerature vaiaone, in their ‘an cause eros inthe measurements ovis tho Secefog inte, “spetes such es nearly and hystareie chal be documented ding catbraton tat Transducer Iansducars used fo the measurement of performance parameters should oporate in a stable Iperahire envivonment. They should be. heated hare hey sta sar iaeneese ay Iperatce verison, for example trom dest sunlight neaing panos, vectianee ane 12 dynamic behaviour of he messurands shall be know a the Wansducers shal oly be fedinthe requency domain they are dosigned for to, should be taken when using transducers with spacial inherent damping. ptoperty or Sjustabe response time, and tanadvcers wih ox ment. Such transducers can cause evonecus me isting measurements 142 Cables and termination 22 signal path between transducers and amir shall be dosigned in such a way tht ternal invonces on the signals (og. trom power ines teaperate varaons) ‘ne inimizea! Proper shialcing and rounding shal be shronred, Comastts ard Weenie valhave stable, rable mechanial and seceal propenos 120 if al he above precautions have been taken, adeicnlly be aware of spurious ntuences Sm tha power networs onthe masburomen: teu 143. Signal conditioning 22 utp from transducers wih analog cuput ave ton ampliiad and fired in signal 14941 Ample 2 expleit the resolution of he AD converte, the output ange of the amples shal match the ingot he convertor bo ampli shall be located as close a possible to fuer of rose pcp inte embong. transeucer in ordrto minimize the 20193 0 1Ec:1999 34432 Fy a 109- Whee choosing titers, special anton shovk be pad to propor euch as ~ Ae signals: cutoff frequency, stanuation rd) and time ~ de. signals: oot, tomporatura eit and inary. = In analysts whore simutangcus measurement "ware of delays In tho condoning and a ‘it that are funtion of he titer type andthe et rescaney (lates a tor to avai a ‘teaoney t ne tirdo sigatatenuation & ‘ ny ofa low-pae iter sha be ing etoca. Thi lua Typical meats ter ‘ & ‘maximum of halt he en igure 28. In practic, Powe ‘ofthe samping rates used. Time) afoniton cheaters Frequoney (a) ‘pute sanpig i of wo or more maasurands fs Important, bo cauiston syctera, Fiore cause dala (hace sampling frequeney in soot"193. 1€¢:1990 ~r01- 164 Multiplexer lective switching rate forthe muliplever shall be compared to the roauirems fsaturand. Gecausa the AID convorar is sampling sewral shames eevee Imping rie foreach channe! i reduced n properion the number & meanca stor aach ‘shin system is matty ether ofa eay or 2 tl state swichng type, Rely emiching “sual mot buthas a lower swetoning fate, Whos feof iitefranee tees ‘belyoon ightouring channels. General, hese errs increase wth the sarnn oe 145 Analogto-cigital convertor ore the continuous ansiog signal can be read by the compute, the signals must be rertea ine gal numbers, tant parameters for analeg-o-digtal convertors are tho conversion time, resolution, ‘uray, input range, temperate dit and Ineary "a ceacution of an AD converter is detingd a8 the rumber of its the converter uses a ‘ie the analog signal. & Sb convate ide tne ange Note Fane, ‘fpetformance tests, a minimum raquremant woud be & Y4- resolution. For dynamic 2aSurerons, a lower resolutan can be soenpiad | pian simultaneous measurements during A convertion, one AD cenvertor por channel ‘simultaneous samplo-andshad equipment can oe ase 146 Computer 19 contol in the data aeqiistion system inthe computer, it shall ave ‘he folowing ‘eton to configura and eyachronize the data lngger, Hancle duis warcion, Sentseaen th perohera auipment, prform enous and geese cou, 's computer interlace should have a solectable data tensor rato (baud rate in bss) ‘bing to communicate wih and cont aiterent dovces on the So 147 Data processing ‘pleat sotware tacks a ont of he data acquisition system; Calculation of elbraton coaticients; conversion of electea value into engineering uns éaleuation of avarege values and other states; Ealouaton of data valuation of random uncertainty protentaton of out +e raw data foreach paramater in an acceptance performance test shal be availble afer he ralvaion of test point In order to poriorm a maraal elation and vert the competes 60193 © 1ec:1999 ote 1 posse, essential performance data should be continuously eaplayed dung th test to sive ‘ar overview of model performance roger with the hydraulic sytem fo whch is eerie ‘The numberof samples and the sampling a {hal clothe characteristics ofthe comple measuring chaln to gv ~ an accurte mean value tor performance measurements: = s tatstaion termination ofthe necessary characterises of ceclating measurements 345 Chock ofthe soqulstion system Each measuring chain shallhave a complete schematic diagram showing its main component This wil hap tho patos to decide where checks snout bo mass woe rence es 220ur or whan atlting signals need fo be more clessy Investigated, tiga sk eee ee "ypicel messuromentcnains wih supgestad test tnd shes 2.451 Transducer with analog output In igur 2, point 1 tes point fr detaining tho dynamic bahavout of he measurand, Proper operation of tha signal eondiioning system can be cone by creating signals at Input point to test pots y Proper ampitior operation ean bp contimed by ecrrslating signals at Input point'A to test poi 2 Proper titer eperaton canbe ostrmed by corslating signals t input point Bt os pola 3 To chock ie proper operation ol the muti ppd to palm Cand compared wt 1d AD converter, @ reference signal can be output a pont 5. 3.1.5.2 Transducer with equency or sealed pulse output ‘Th signal quality shall be controled at point & to ensure proper wiggaring ofthe courte. A ‘ierence signal canbe applied st Oto check the tincbase ihe sacar 3.15.8 Transducer with digltzed output ‘The transducer and a measurement chain ofthis kind can best be checked dung cabation, B64 Check for bias ettecte To,cheok thatthe signal condoning eytom does ot give any bias otocs, {Hom the syatom ray be corsated a tom a separate clastic out ho output signal input signal. The later could bea storanca signal ‘The checkpoints ara ialsted in igure 29 at polir& and198 © 1ec:1090 195 Tandon, analog ouput Datsun soto eke Catenion sokware 1 Canpuleion stare OF cease 1 © soem 00198 6 1ec:1999 -197= S455 Software The software code can be.vortiad by an atarnave computaon using the raw dea read at contol paint, and comparing wih the result rm the comput ‘The performance algorthm can ba veried by entesing nurs valu erimance eau LE giving 8 known 8 should be documenta thatthe algrthns used forte caltaton of a measuring chain aro ‘squivalent fo thse usoa In he petormanea computation 32. Digcharge measurement 3.21. Genera! As far as possible, there shoud be no loe8-oF gain of water between the machine and the Sischargs measuring device. Nevertheless, W auch tuxlary sacharges ex he eet ee meesured independent 32.4.1 Cholee of the method of measurement ‘The methods which may be used for measutng the cscharge dung @ model aceeptance est can be elassited into primary and secondary mtd, 32...1 Primary methods Primary methods are hose which need ony measuremonis of tndamenial quanites: lens ‘ass and ine, the fed of appicavon of ths tlandar, the pny metas whch ces ~ the weighing method: ~ the volumetric mathod: ~ the moving seen metho son, and notithstarding some inherent Measurement, of), any model test city one of these’ motnods; evrthsess, fot 3244.2 Secondary methods 5 : Many other metods, founded on ious principles and thus considered as secondary methods, maybe used fr aacharge ineasuroments in model ons. Attacaretns of eon ok {landucz, te high accurey requited for tna purpose ofthis siandard mates k reeeay ‘2 calbrate the measuring equipment situ under tha provaling ont cosaine be eee oa, shove pimaty metheds. Consaquenty, and sinc tepeaasiy ts the most opetion cay reared ram the secondary method moasutng Gave, isnt neceseary ax ig eanp ea, ale requroments of he felovant stenderde ‘Tha avrangementsoecessaty o cary out such a ealibraton peviodeal, without sismanti ‘modtyng ine measuring ina, shai be provided a the design sage of Re eer evan"999 0 1ec:1909 = 199- 'e main secondary methods of discharge measurement ae: ‘lacy area mathod by maans of curont meters or Pitt lubes and acer mthods are ven Seldom used fr modal ests, and wil ot be mononedn the olowine eben inate wets and siterental pressure coves (oiice plates, nozes and Vert tubes) evan won sesgnee instal ad used in asarcanes th ho roent OO eens fat schiows the accuracy requted for moda tals when sing seonesroced aes ‘Soatearis,erloe pera emraton sive manga. ‘a¥ious pas of tow motors, such as tucbine, slaciomagnetie,acoutle of voter. How Imotrs they af pariclarly convanion to aoe ar hey ahow sick mesesremene Me Cutout sana can ‘asi be toauced ino n dala asauaton system an meer go ganerato ite dturbance Inthe tow patern or the ine og: the eet ee seake Spndtions on tale rsponse is nol esabishad win sullen accuracy for meee ae Thus, thi calraton iy mandatory ana bo rapestaliy ovr eater flow canton obo snesuntered shal be acted gel 25.2 Accuraey of messuroment 2424 etoronce 19150 standards Imethed of messuroment is described ia daa n th folohing subeiauses only when 90 rrdized procedure enss elsouhore. Whenever possibly vslotonee has bess woe Ising standards, especaty 10 oso published by 160, wtich ae pertuiry eelee erie 2eis0 requrements the vandard 24.22 Evaluation of uncertainty 's,numorical values of sytamatic uncortainty indicated ia the folowing clauses ara to te ‘ed omy as gudance. They aa akon withthe best conttos for measurement tat equiemants specie inthis stardar and in tha olovantstandarés ara fds ana ithe testing and anaisis are caro out by quaitieg and experienced personne these condions are oot satisfied, mere may be an unprdictabe incraase in both the stemane and random etre of ha dazharge measurement each particular ease, the actual values of systemate and random uncersintos shalt be ‘uated by the user, Taking info account he ahole measuring system and Te operating ratons of tha tet fey. Sida scutees of ear explained in 39.2% The inal result thon sopesoad we a ‘caranty et a conidnce level of aopronmatly 98 2.1.23. Steadiness of he thew hatever method is used, a cischarge measurement for @ model aecopiance testis valid ony tha om is steacy or neary staady during each po, ‘most situations, ne primary meteds regula a rather long tine of measurement sed ‘duce only a meun valve ol fe Bacharpe during thi te. Thus t's poses Wo asceran a lation ofthe low ozeutng between two una Ovt not tho posse ucuations was 232 60193 0 e199 201 Most secondary methods quoted in 3.2.11.2. produce quasnstantaneous readings which ‘havo tobe averaged fo obtain tha mean vaiue of the sacharge during te poi and lek eat ‘0 trested graphically and statistical to assens tha nate and in satont oe fueaatons ot ‘ha low (see 8.1 and 42). Ths is anoner reason why tet laity sould Nave seceaa 0.4 primary ana secondary method 3.22 Primary metnose 3.221 Weighing metnod 322.14 Principle ofthe method 150 4105 gves all necessary requirements concerning the measuting apparatus, tho Broceduee, the method lor calculating te aischarga and ihe unvetaieg sttocated oe tha measurement. Although ISO 4185 species wo akematve methods, to ‘Sie: and he “Syramie" method, only the state weighing methods, whch consis of very the tow othe weighing tank fora measured tive ana than weighing the dared quant, 1s fecamanondeg ‘orth purgose of he stance ‘Tha weighing method, wien gives ony he collet a sulle quay of water mayo weraye discharge value during the tine taken to ‘onsidred the mes! sccursta method of discharge As stated in 1S0 4185, ho callorton of tha weighing device shall bo perlodically checked at ast every two yeats Tor mechanical woigh‘neam and every yea fora load. col, hese Intervas may be extended ho caltraion Nato shows Stable esas 9:22.12 Uncertainty of measurement The weighing method is affected by arr elatng 10 weighing, meseuring af ting time, elermination of deny, taking sto account the tomperaure o he tid se maton oF Fe ‘verter, Futharmora, buoyancy corecon mist ba made 0 the roudings A a each ‘Machine 0 account for he siterence betwaan tha uptrustexriad bythe simosghare ck he ‘guid being weighod and on the raleence mass aed during he caforation ot ee eoatng ovie, 1 to instalation i careuly constructed, rinsing and uso, a systematic uneedainty onthe ‘sacharge measurement (at 8 contisence lal of 98°) whine 61 m0 s Do shoo 4.22.2 Volumetre method 5.22.21 Principle ot the method 150 9916 ves al necessary requirements conesming the maasucng apoartus, the proce the mathod for ealeulatng the Gacharpe and io uncettantos nesceeteg ath te Although ISO 8216 species two a ‘ny the state gauging method fe native methods, the state" and the “ayname* metheds, commended in ths sland. The volumetric method is appronimatly of the same accurtcy as the weighing method and similarly supplis ony the average aschargo valu ding the tno latent ole & eta ‘As stated i 180 8918, the calibration ofthe volumetit ank shall be pariocealy checked: at ks and every thee years for motes fre ses intervals may be extended ithe calibration Mslony seews sable eau0193 ©1ec-1809 20a ity of messuroment 23 yolumatic method is atactad by errs ‘eating to the caiteaton af the reservoir, the Jeaturament of level, the measuremont a iing tne andthe motion of he ake The ines of a reservar shal be checked anda leekag Corecton sped fracoea {he istataon is careful corsructad, mallned and apeaed systematic encersny (a onisenceloval of 35%) wihin 201 fo sD2% ean oe neha 223, Moving seroon method 2.23.1. Principle of the method he principe of the method is, 1 a certain extent, similar to the volumotic method, fer ts 488d on ip determination of he volume of water dapncad ina charnal batnasn te voce sctons 6 and 8, by means ofa screen moving wih the wae! (ee igure sok he ates Calculated bythe flowing formula beet Oat wbb teddy 's the csplaced vou of water batween cross-sections A and &; sth cntance between the crosssaetions A ana (length of meesucing stony; isthe mean width of th channel within the measuting section; is tha mean depth of water inthe channel wihin the measuring secon is ho travel imo ofthe scresn betwnen cross-sections A and; 1 Tathe mean discharge during travel tine "= the mean flow veleciy within the massing section ofthe cheno 2.232 Measuring equipment 2232.1 Channel be measuring channel shall Se a straight hazonal section, general rectangular, precisely aibrated over the ene path cf the sereen travel The wish and deoty ole chara chat oe ch afer tne range of escharga to be measured, thewlonty tor sonia coe ta te he water sepply of the chamsl shal ensure a raguarvolochy dsibuton, {eee of sw, Shmmety and ancossive urbuonce. This maybe achieved Sy een of saigaoning donee Jovovted plates, Poneyeom®, ste} 20189 @ ec:1999 ~ 208. e 7 Di ute section Measuring eect § Seaiteing dvs 2 Wewrg cin scarage 4 Rens oy ea ie cba g Ze fal « 9 Paros pais hanwnssesen et reat ‘Tho otal ength ofthe channel includes ~ en let section, where the sergen introduced in the water en aches uniform motion ~ measuring section, th length of which Is vty aecurtely celerined ~ en outlet section, where the seroen le extrseted from the How coension end "Pay nead tbe taken no account in etvome Sonaone, 322322 Sereen [The gorge is ganoraty suspended ftom a cariage rong on ri nse slong the length of ‘he channel or Supported by tide guide-locks. The use a loating screen svaule pros oh ‘he sereon i oon constructed cf a ight gid material mounted on a ghly bulk ame, The arlage and screen assembly shall be as ight es possible and clon shall be tsuced a minimum or compensated for by meuna ot 8 diving motor such Wat the ascot even a ‘aplcy equal the mesn water velocty and wil move smasiny even a owes seice199 6 1Ec:1909 207 8 essontal thatthe inteduction of tho screen into tha channel shal est tha was ile possiie and not inate ciples ar wavas resulting in serious ores, One posse way te Surat i to accelerate the screen cariag by means ofan glcine devo ult monty fo approximately the same speed ac tho walervoloay belo tne scteen is onaree ky ¢ clearance betwoan the soon andthe walls and Botlom shal Se as smal as far to minimize the leakage. I's goce prastos tot feb lp teeta to he soe "Ether tion is negligible ois carpenented by a diving moter, 2st in povieed 12.23 Moasurement of ‘een travel time shall be measured bet to fined points installed atthe beginning and "enol the. moasuring secion. When passing teas peli he acieee oan ae ‘tronic timer though elecvo-mechanea ptcal or magnate swine, Measurement of water level 8 love shall be measured belor, during and alter th travel tine of the screen by means ot ‘asuring walls located inthe watson exch sia upsteam and downstream ofthe messcrng ‘ion, They shal be ited win post or hoor gauges cr high acowracy preset ‘measuring apparatus, 5003.) stent that he level remsins constani e.g. within 08mm) between the front and rar of "screen, This confirms that te maving seean valouty% egal tothe wales volo ‘order to obiain high accuracy it is important to reduce slow mass oscittions (e.g. tom iustment of sicharge) inthe talration channel. In rae to observe sueh sociation he © water surtace dowsteam of the moasuing section shal be reduced a8 fares pons, ons may then be cbserved as variation ol the watar level, whish may thus bs fore starting a uns essential 1» cheek thatthe indication tho water levels contort in ser te onsure tat ho esilaiors ezcurwthintha shana “form vloty ofthe sreon is essential to aved ropes and waves which might substantia, ease ine uncerainty of measurement. This. can’ be checked by means eh a tae aplemaniay tebe ovety dated sony the easing teach ose eetemina Is ako important that any leskage trom one ego of he eerean tothe cther aro as smell as sss. This ean be checked by injecting a dye iqid near tho wall and atom seal warteiess, sigh csturbancasin tha [rant and the reat af the screen or vy smal leakages, ‘Decily in ha vicinity of the lr suraca, are often observed ard n no way moste aay verano tha appara. 1s time interval betmeen two consecutiv uns shall be ol adequate uration to dampen the ‘Surdston nth channel caused! bye previous tun 60199 6 160-1998 200 322.3. Uncertainty of measurement Ifthe instaaion fs carofulyconstucted, maintained and used, andi tha above requiremonts tuo" satstod, 2 systemate uncertainy (at tho 05% contance vel) on te dachargs ‘meesurement win 302% to 29.0% canbe auhieved 3.2.3. Secondary metho 323.1 Ger quirements Various types of flowmeter may be usec by agreement under he follwing conditions: = the dovico chosen shall be of tho best qually avaiable, particularly with fespect to te ‘epeatabity and its sensi to imugnce quanites (ambient tomperatre, requeney and ‘ottage o the power euny. te the flowmeter andthe stsocatod moasung system shal be calibrated by a prnaty method inthe actual oporaingconaion (200 23.926 and 2.2.3.8), = the cepoatabiity of he messuemert shal ba chacked over be measured, Although thei appetion is not mandatory, the selavant standerds and manutactue's ‘nstructons give useful avica concerning he bes installation snd measaromont condone. 19 whele range of dscherge to ‘Tho types of owmater moet oftan used ave describad in 82.3210 0.2.37, 3232 Welle (ni rectangular or tranguarsharp-adged thin airs may be wsed within tha scope of For the desgn of tho wort instalation and tha concons fr measuring the head over the lar, 180 1448-1 snows bo rotor to; however, te slandeiced locnaig costo we "ot achieve the requires accuracy {eea 3.27.12), In aston, weirs aro vary sersive Wo Sry change in tho distouton et approach valocly and inthe conan o he pate eughces ot the upstream taco, laantoess and sharpness ol he 296 0). ‘Tra weir ie commonly lacs onthe low orassure sh te ensure that smoot ow (ae fem odes, cura ‘named at} ext in he proach channel he machine, and cata shal be taken ‘lturbances or signee! amounts ot ‘in tw socal on ine oust sie o ha machine Beng testd, it shall be far enough from the machine othe discharge conduit suet to enable the water foralease elore reaching the wal. Sling screens ana Sales nal ba used when necessary to give a Lunform velosty cstouton over tho whole cross-section Disturbed surlace or wndersutems, ‘or asymmetry of any king, shal be coretad by sutebe éroons 2.4.3 Diterentil pressure devices (rice plates, nozeles or Vanturi tubes may be used tor discharge measurement mode eet Tacit, paricuarly operating on cosas cet witout free nee sora, For tha design of tho diferent pressure device, inching is evessure rapping, is Installation and operating conditions, afr fo 150 st67-1; howover the Sandordess aogrange oeticients wil not achieve the azesracyroquad in his standard (see 32.1 2 Outer tsoe of eiferoril pressure dvies than thowe desenbed in iGO S167.1 may alao'Se ured199.6 180-1999 mane ore pressure davies ofr high reliabity, but a gh esau os very senstive tothe flow pattem and ‘ariculay once patos and norte, elferential pressure generac bythe device sh be measured in accordance with 3.3.4 JE Sogneatna pipes between the primary device and the ressure gauge shal colorm with 102106, 5 should bo ten to avldeavitaton 23.4 Turbine Howmeters thine flonmeters, which genealy include a flow staighener, requke a minimum vpstream 4 downstream siraightlengih and gaceraia eny vary signi Sturcance oe Year at ‘ale a somewhat high presaue loss. The output signa, which a Iequoney measure ‘shat be laten fo mains ine beeing ie of the tutine clean. The calbraton shat be Tookea at loan afar ach matenarca, ‘09 cavitation on the runner bade ean oceut in low pessute conditions, calation shall be "otked atthe lowest test pressure (eae 22 3), 255 Electromagnetic fowmeters fetromagnetefowreters are the subject of IS0 8617 and 180 £104, ve main advantages of electromagnet umoters are tht they generate nether eitubance ne flow, nor pressure loss, and ere nat vay senstiva fo woar, They prose, ee Rantaroous ‘reading “ot discharge. and. thos ‘are pavieuary convenient Yor eocewueg luewatons. Care shall be takan to detect ay drift nthe electrons aucune eat 39 surface conditon of te electrodes, Tho carson shal be sacked a eer ct 285 Acoust Howmeters ‘woral methods of acoustic dschargo messuremant esa. Curent avaible knowledge is ch at the metnod prefered for tho purpose ol tis stancard io that besad oe me asurement of the tans time ct acouste pulses traveling upsteam oF sonnsteam forse ncuing several pat gathe 's data acquisition and prcessing system shall domanstate thatthe equipment a operating ‘actly (eeparato measurement of fe average warty seg mack enon pads the sbeed ol sound, chosking of tha proportion a bat pulses, ee), 219 detalia on hs method are givan in IEC 60081 her kinds of acoustic towmetors, based, fr instance, onthe measuroment othe refraction 2 acoustic beam by fluid velocy. or oh he eroreeoraation of soovete gnele orto a Scrosesacters, may aso beret, rustic Nowretors have the advantage of not intoducing any flow & 55, bul are semevrat sonsive tothe veloc dsibuten and fo te presenas ot gar cecelee eeu ee Theat godnce ag bie mg of oe ngowms turbance or pressure £0198. 1e¢:1990 -213- 8.23.7 Vortex lowmetors ‘The principe of vortex flowmetars Is based on measuring the tequency of vertex-thedsing generated by a bull body inserted in tho Tow, the equaney et wien is proporsonal re ean velosty in 8 given range of Reyne nambers, ‘though many devices ofthis type ar avaltie, experiance withthe method of szhargo ‘oasurement i tl ited andthe method sha dlyba vnea win caution or estance, a ‘eration of he pipe sabi o aller ha meacura irequensy and sha tus bu se ‘ue fo tha ik of cavitation on tha Blt! body of thevortex flowmetir, the ealration shall be ‘hacked at he lowest ent praseurs (eos 82.28), 323.8 Calibeation procedure 2s stato above, any device use for scharge moasuremant by 9 secondary methed shall bo ¢albrated against one ofthe primary motnods deserbeg in 22.2 The caleaton shal be ste witout dismanting the flowmeter trom the test eteut or madijing tne ow condone & ee Int ofthe Howmeter {libration shal include tho whole ofthe Honmetar andthe asociated measuring system: for “estanca an otic plate, the eonnecting pipes, the pressure tansdvear, fs ower soppy 9d the data acquiaton syste, Cattraton eormaty should be carted out in tha aciual operating conatons (pressure, tomparature, water suai, etc.) prevaling dung tna tate Shovis ihe proseure ancoene ‘uring the. ests be lower than the minimum pressure atsinabien the ones stout ante et atration it shall hen be deronsisad hat he fonmaterealbroton’ sot atenwe oy aviation at ha reduced pressure, Tha may be achieved by usa hve secondary Menai 'n series, ona of which la nat sorstve to eavtaton foe. Fa not pasreee he ness Fscharge measurement with aloumater allies by eaviaion, even f caibtata ine sare ‘peraing condition, as he phenomens involved aro nat uttenty reese ‘223 calbraon shal include sufficient measuring points evenly distrbuted over the whote range ‘fsenaige to be measur during test, to alow an securals evalnton of or oes In most cases, me result of a calration can be writen, atleast in the rango of use, as Ge cam where ts th cup signal deveredby te secondary towns «yam anpanen wien is known by theoretical considerations (a= 1 when Rls the frequency oa tutine meter, = 12 when ‘ferential prossura ot a Vora tubo, = 3 when ils tne oad over a rectangular wel et) © tea discharge cooticient which may be constant or variable over the range ol the meter, "Je tus possible to plot the discharge costilent versus the discharge incited by the primary method or preteraby versus tho coresponding nonccimmensona seatoontagsneane tone fpf Howto eyroids number fr flowmeter in lose’ cond Poste settee 'nany case, the best ted curve (oten a straight ie) through the measured points should bo ‘eterminad by a regression ‘achniauo auch ss to las! squares method: Gaveers tr Soin 3s calleratio cure an evaluaing he assocate uneriaily may be fauna 80 Toy ok ‘bo anno2199.6 1ec:1999 nas 1, secondary flowmeter shoud normally be calibrated belore and after the tost (6 3.34.5)! @signfcan tteence appoars betwen both eaibatiors, he owmeter and he depsisled measuring system shall be careluly nspeced to lind tho rsasen tors Saraion ‘the test may possibly be rejected. A hstoteal cord f the lowmetercaloreon should be ‘alabie for inspection and analysis. itr systematis rns err an avorage of al stated ‘ives may be a bettor approximation ofthe tive value than the mean of he two values Sainad Safran ator he Tet, 34 General vis clause deals ony with the Sera tho mossuremant ot fortes hyeaul machinery weasutement of the time-averaged valve of the prassur, sur fucustinos is descibad in'43. Prowsune measure (2 made in order deterine uantas of ha nyaraue performance such as ~ seciic hydraulic energy (s863.5.2 and 3.8.) and ~ not positive suotion specie energy NPGE (s88 35.4 auge pressures or diferent pressures at special locations of tha wator passage in the rode! for various purposes: for example to meaeuro the dacharge uliieng 3 Pressure devees (e8e 3.2.3.3) ort obtain :ntomation on ~ cal pressure; ~ pressure cstbuton ~ Ingen testing (value to be converted to site consions), 12 pressure p is measured as single gauge pressure or dierent pressurs at raion, ody sate 32 choles of prossure-m: decal attention shal bo pal to the location of the measuing sectons; normaly they a Stal te the rtatence tectons, There should be mum dturbance of fhe fom, The high ‘sua and low pressure relorenen tectons 1 and 2, specid by the Contac, shoud ‘raly Iu tase sonditane, Honever,ungatexceptiona ereumstances where the vslocly Suton ofthe feteronce sections consideraby ciortd tis section should te ropacs. ‘ssh, by efter measuring sectors eo tose’ at postisia Yo ther ‘eng bets How eonations se piana of he measuring aaton ehouléprofraty 80 nermst to the avoraga diction of dnc lis Stos:secional aoa, wish i vaquced tor corning te mean water volt, shal Oe ‘Siiy measure ne measuring section should preferably be arrange in a sight eondt section but coud be Ignty eonverport or dvrgont Tnsance st'2} 6, tod Gy ting faded ef Se taconday Rasta tad 20193 © 16C:1999 maw 3.33 Pressure taps and connecting tines 5.31 _ Number and location of pressure taps Gonoray, fr any form of section atleast tno pais of oazoeed pressure taps shall bo used tour 5 s) Inthe ease of cular sections te four paseure tape shal be arranged ‘on two damoters a ght angles to each other. Th tao shauls neler be located at or sae ‘fe Nahost point ofthe measuring Section inorder fo avOWd ar pockets, nor oar the fest poet Bacauce ofthe risk it stusting te aps, In tw caso of non-clcular sections (i mat eatoe retangular section) the taps should not be leealed near the comers. I taps are aranged atthe tp of batiom ata secon, speck care has tobe taken ts avoid setrbanass due toa or dt, Ifthe tow eondtions ae disturbed or asymmetie, mete than four pressure taps shall be uso Inaividvl moan pressure measurements atthe samme measuring section shall pot fer tom tone ancthr by mae than 0% of the specie nycauteenorgy ef the machine ot oI ‘Read machines, by more than 20 % ofthe spaciie knee energy caleulatad tom tha mean vslciy inthe messuring section (S00 3.5.2.4), ain refering Yo operation Boas tothe best this requirement isnot flee, mutual agreement should be ached ether = to asiect another lectin oF = {© make an evaluation ofthe specific Knaie energy ditrbuton ia the measuring section aoeordingto 8824; to Accept thle deviation, ané add arthaticaly an addtional uncertainty tothe measurement Uunceriaiiyin the spect hydaule energy E (eee 3.5.2.9 and),1928 16¢:1998 -a19- 13.2 Design of pi ure tops sure taps shall be locate ia inserts of nomeorodng material Figute 31 shows teat ovis which shall Be Istalog Hush wih the wal ol the eon, «© cylndical bore of te: pressure tap shall be 2 mm to 4 mm ia diameter end have a ‘imum length tof at leash twice to camel. shallbe perpendicular tothe condut mall {tee of al burrs or ireguartes which could cause local sstursances, The edges tno ‘rings shal be shar or undod witha racue 1 salt smoothly ong he flaw paceene, Ihe ‘pose of hs rounding Ifo aiminate posible burs. «surface of he cond shal be smooth ang not be curved in the flow directo in the veinty ‘he bor for at lags 100 mm upeteam and dowstearn ¢= 2mmto4 mm: £ 22H: 504 igre 29 = Examplos of pressure tape 60193 © 1ec:1998 = oat 33323 Gauge piping Prossura taps may bo maniflded (igure 82), but each tap shal ba separately valved 20th fan be read individual. Tha slametet et tho connecting psing shal'be at loos tice ee ot the tap and not less than 6 mmm, The ameter of toa mario (or ol the hg mantle figuee 28) shall be atleast tea tines the dame of the tap. Connection pipes Sule possi, be cl equal long, slope upward tothe gauge or manometer win eaten high spots whars air maybe iapped, Vavos wit a gas-collactng chamber shel ba proves ot a hgh polis for fushing ot ar. Transparent plas piping, avaiable for a wie oroaaee ange a rocommended ass usafl mn sissosing te presence of ai bushes Hoseeea the caso ol pressure thctuations, tho damping eflck existing to plastic pipes Shen oo considered cbs 8.88.4) Noleaks shallba permed inthe gauge somnactons 2 Re ® Fue tpn comesing pie Fore 20-Rng mano Figure 22 ~ Types of pros manifolds193.6 1ec:1999 -200- 126 Damping devices seme eats, il measurements shal bs made ander seadatate condone and ‘Teetgurtaions eliminated a thar source. In parteuar na hucuston aac tae Feangoment fra manomeer shall ecurin te ange ore a i garaes of operation Gow values of @ and o, et), fuctuations cannot be aide. In {aul Sug coves seacigs ona arose mensing human uncer sor sa 12s aang device may be stad, provea ino law haughty cone Hance in oth tiectons 2 stan ottice plate is nol recammandod because t ony ntouea eee pin, A valve bypass around ary ting doves ahalbe proves ana kept spon ne sha.shon time during whic eacings arate. Bending or pacing he onsen eae ‘tng any non-symmetial hating device (eg @ val} ee ee M4 Apparatus tor posture measurement 24.1 Types of apparatus araus for prassure measuements fal into twa classifications 18 ($00 3.3.42), dead 4g) these maine jes (angi, mass} and thus do not seed oop Use ony measurements of fu seeondary methods (or instuments), suchas pressure tensducers(e68 3.3.4.5) and other Aepartus such a8 spring gauges joae 2.48), wHieh ood W BG eaktnee ae Srmaty method used ss a sanded, choice of the measuring apparatus shall taka Inia account the requirements ot an tomate data aequisiion system, Otten a combination Bf prinaty and secsehen wee pled $ physical prnipies and tpicel examples of posios exprimenta sates are described in 2oliowing Subcinvens for varus nations 001936 1ec:1998 -25~ 99412 Liquid column menometars (primary method) [ugg umn manameter ae used t moasu low pressures or small pressure diteances raronproat x 10° Pa, when mercury ie used as the manometer fas) Neat eee means lume manamatar ee ued (eo igres Sa, 2b ane =) son yt, quid of known donaty maybe used Tinkeeriae mestued wih a Kul olin manometer i determined by he ftoving baie pepo whee = 18 tho height of he gue columns PAD Senet ofthe td used in te manomelor and taken fr th tmperauc of mie Nau. ‘Tha tubo ofa watr column measuring ange o mivmine tanamtor shal havea minimum inede diameter of 12 mm inthe capil effects. For mercury manometer: his damier shel Common iypas a iquid magometers for gauge pressure or dierent presure are 2) singlsimb manemetar (stendpips) ~ Mercuy pot with standripe gure 338) the manomete is calbrated o rected for he change in eval hy inthe pot, ely the height hein he england need be read ~ water column (etandsipe) (ite 335) 1) Use ~ normal Utube (igure 936) ‘Th Relghts of he quis columns in the two legs shal be read simultaneous achieved by optea! Som manametrshau Yeh ean be ing. Whatever combcaion of guid is vsod. Ne conga ween oe i tha 30 used,60199 © 1ec:1980 207 [ae Maneraer Fire 385 Pat wh wasps — c | Be= pressure at tha co Sree » | TT | pus atomerecm) emt RoR a}n Figure 33 — Liat column manom | lel mn | (ES a P< f0m a Fanciers sin sarees maybe detrnined os te athe mean valu fhe pon ameter dp and bore dameterGy'de «ta nap ‘This apparatus may be used for pressure calculation withut further eabravon i (y= Spl, « 4p = 0.001 nd of he piston ofa dead weight manometer loaded fom), =(4gm)/|x<2) Dead sight manometers snl uli he following main contone ~ fm glieaive Paton dametor dy shall be determines win & rite uncrainy eres ~ (Bzteton between ition and bow shal be stmasiag by atng the piston slowy {028 57 £25) and i cynar sha bo fed witha suisbi Nesta an fon siscosiy (v= 10% me =, ~ the afte giston shal be vere, he acting asses (sight, pion, wight pate a) anal be etratea iran using dota eequsiion system, is recommended fo use a setup combining a dead ‘eight manometer wit a pressure o feo ransduco hee fuss Bah 60193 © 16c:1999 200 ‘The correction cue for these setups shall be determined either by checking thom against. a oraed dead weight mancmater wihout compensating devices or by basing ne net is constant pressua wih addtional small weighs of erated aporoarees aang eee iniator ot the compeneator nscale taro, Dead weight manometers af the above type cannected to transducers load eel ‘Th sansivy fa dead weigh manorter in geod condition sfss than 0,002, io, lss ‘han (0,02/Ag Pag. Ay 0:0008 ms sonatas 00 Poy 1 = Aetng mass 2a Deena pressure vanecucer 2 Pyle fe stem i2 seca atenly=npa tet) 334.4 Pressure welghbeam (primary method) ‘eugterion ot te dead weight manometer i he pressuraweighbeam wich compass @ SPEDE eeteg on tctonias wos, and beara on ono or are nen ease 2 SHerental yee f weight mancmeter, Th Toca wroned Oy he prea Gece60198 6 1ec:1099 ~235~ Fpokey weight moving along the weighbeam (tigure 36). The ‘nd jockey wont may be by hand or by en automate brossure weighbeum is ia prineipio'& prmary tothed but in sone {easoe noeds a be enrol ° 8 PorraPig 9 Sete f 1 trate ete sons bb Een Figure 35 ~Pressare waighbeam example of ex rieta setup) 2345 Preseure enslucers (sscondary method) Pressure Wanscucers ar electromechanial davies in which mechanical elects produces by prestute are converted nts elacical signals, AAtmoush pressure transducers are lao used for messuing pressure fet Subslause deals ony with sae posure measurements in stasy sate cordon bia the mean vale, Depending on the pressure tobe measured, he appropriate range forthe pressure tdnsucer Shalios selectaa, Some advantages in using pressure transducers ar = en integration nto electrons data acguistion ayters = they usvaly require negigibe Hid fom though pressure taps thus providing rapid and ~ avorago vas of rusting prostura ot pressure cieronces, a5 wall as recor of ‘rasion phoremna, are easly obaned sing ebay watabe soctons soups Ine pressure wansaucers anould nave the flowing characterises ay, negible hyteress ~ ow ze shit end lw temperature sanity, ~ no intvence ty bias etfect when charged by press Operation win an without titers on the slectronie equipment shouldbe conducted to assttain ‘Ne'absence af bas nhon titers ars ape-atng ‘The complete pressure trnducor system shall be calbrated under the test pressure ondtons. The eocutacy of @ tansducor wil many be celermined oy tha accuragy ot he albration. The ealbraton shall be cared ou using @ pronaty method, for examples dead lweight mancmeter, which lows checking of tho measurement of the Yasascet sytem st {ny ine during the ton, 60100 © 1ec:1099 207 ‘To reduce to systematic uncertainty is also racammended to isi two similar transducer {ystems in paral ard 16 lake simultaneous reasinge during ta test. To transducer syste 16 fo oe checked batore and afar the tests andthe two systems show rood the se, ‘more than their systematic uncertain), acomparsen wih a privary method shales shacion lus such a8 spring pre sre gauge evondary method) ‘This pe of gaugo uses the mechanical daticton ol loop of tubing olan or spiel or of Eaphraam to indicate pressure. Dopencing on ihe proseue fo be measured thn covessonang ‘ange for 8 sring pressure gauge chal be ssleied.W msy be sed by mutual sarcounnt is used within is optimum measur range (scaly between 6 4-and-100.% of ful seal) and is stably cltrated against Drnany fa Botore and afters tet, ation of pressure measurement apparatus 33.5.1 Ganeral procedure of eaibration As aieady menoned, the pressure measured wih secondary rethods (ping gauges or ‘ranscucers) shall be checked ot eared. This can be dona by Samparisen agehiet feasy ‘mathods (se 9.34.2 and 8.88.3) or by eompaion wi to sale possure somnnes oe eh, 3 doseribad in 9.8.2, or wih an auihorsed stander’ 1 might also be uso! to check the influence ofthe measung and data acqustion syatom by ‘means ofa dynamie calibration, utlizing a pressure futuaton generator ol varable lease, {and brown average value, 1 ensure hat no bias exits talon ie average vue othe sea 3952 | Comparison ot gauge pressures with a well detined sate pressure obtained level Before and altr the acceptance test and, necessary, during the test, th readings of the rossure gauge py may be compared wi ihe sale pressure fo evo dathigs cote tne ‘ Tova ing into sezount the buoyancy of waters Palp-erbg-az 2.6 Vacuum measurements 3.3.64 Ganeral requirements - surements, 3.3.2 193.84 also spp, excoptasincated in 3.36.2 83.62 Gauge piping for vacuum measurements . Wi reseat. Sen pipes, whan tied wit 1 regent Betwsen rune Io move any ar coming ook 9 pltion of entering trough tha pressure fap and to mainain te wate In he gage piping & {ha aame temperatura asin tho conduit-At piping and canrectons sal by ate ee tok leaks), Flexbe pipes may be vsed a8 gauge pipes sty they ae suiconly Tigi to avon terion or caps by ambien presse. Tanspaten Bante bing a ery covenant60195 © 10:1999 ~209- seis Sle systematic uncensinies oy a 95 condence lever) be expected ‘nat outa ~ quid coum manometer rmoreury (water 50a o200 pa wate ie 210Patoss0Pa = 006 weight manometers 411108) 10-4 p ~ poessure weigbasins S105) x10 ~ spring pressure gaug 21010 10)10% 2) = pressure tansducers (1105). 1095,,.2) 3.4 Free water evel measurement 3 a 4 Gonerat aOe7eal the determination o! te spec hydraulic energy ofthe model machine shoud be based on pressure measurement within tne water passagesta secordenes ome Settles, ond stabie water ives, the specfe nye energy can be determined entre basis ot measurement af he ies waters een gg oe he measurement of fae water levels is alto necessary for some metheds of dacharge measurements (ee, or example 2222, 3.059 mes " 34.2 Cholee of water lovel measuring sections [ihe measuring section forth detorination ofa t89 water Iotowing raqurements ve shall be chosen to saisty the 3 imlariy feairoments are imposed, the modal shall be aranged so thet the cyan Ie of Gatioances,Eopeily, he faa wie suacce aie ease fections shale sable. Sutin! submergence shovid arene Se aces 3) ear used to determine the mean water vay shel bo accuse eed and tec mmeasuraso. : 34.3, Humber of measuring plats ina Uenevroment of ee water evs shal be obisined where posse frat eas two pols in [NBT meanurng section rin anc pareage of 2 mune poeeags meee ete Pe ‘vordge ofthe readings taven as ine oe Sate ak ° 0199.0 1ec:1998 waste 3.44 Measuring apparatus Gommoniy a tree water love! is massured trom a reterence lavel.2y of the instrument eterminad by means ofa igh precision instrument in relation footer ralerence ace ‘The oe water lve 1 gonarly not rensued drscy inthe section but in sing wel connected" the measur section aa shown in fguta 38 24.4.1 _ Point or hook go ont 1 Raok gauges (see ture 37) may be used to determine tho lave ol calm walt, feraty in sing wells or recy inthe Hew H the free levels paniulaty Grace ace, of the normal visual Inacaton of contact with‘ Ihe mater Soceial eones eee Inco may bo used provided thoy ate calbrateg against he drat senate ca 3442 Float gauge {lbs gauges ray be used where the watar evel varies gost deal, The Hot ameter sal bea lost 120 tm, The minimum dimension of sling wa shal be S00 Senne ‘Shallbe sensiive within + mm when manualyciaplaced en he te ences eal eats 20,901 43, Pressure measuring device Immevsive pressure transducers or any other pressure me ‘anomeersstandpipe) may be used face 29) dotacene indication shal be enbeked wih no war fowing. suring davies, Including tguie reg water oval. The pressure 2.444 Bubbler witn compressed i THs ee wales level may also be determined by means al the pressure inside a tube floc Mth compressed air, the sowcaled gas purge “OuDbir”tectniges tn does eee Re vec eoossy. 3445 omer methods Other ssethods may be uted, for example ulrasonicdeviees and capacitive metheds, 48 thoy meat the roquled accuracy feos 3.43), toneso1as.01E0:1890 asa yp Taal eosesecton ae al peeston x a Z Pees 20193 0 1ec:1909 ~208- Estimation for the absolute systematic uncersinles a (at 85 % contidenc level that could be expoctd in the case of calm water condine and yéleclysmalar thee save ot So (te lower value reering toa vlocy soso fora) = point or hook gauges 29,001 mo 20,0081 = Neat gauges + 20,008 m 10 20,08 m ~ immersibie pressure transducsre x(05 to 5)x 10° 24-9) = bublor wth compressed az 20,001 mto 0,000 = utrasonie device 10,002 m 920,010 In te else of vary turbulent tow and v > 1.0 ms for example naar he out of a turbine daft. "Ube, the uresrtastios may be consie‘aby higher 3.5 Determination of & and NPSE 352 Ganerat 8544 Object The specie hydraulic anergy oft ‘modal machine and the nat osive suction oy ‘The quantes tor the determination al fan average over time. The formulae for Der evalaaton ser weal respect, Annex 6 ponies ocvation ofthe formula for 354.2 Method of determinetion Toxietornin te spucic nyraue enary acting on tha madel machine, i necessary to {yauate the spectic energy of ator nha high pressuce sr tow passes rele oree a Fe the ol postive suction space energy, te sects entgy of waar c aeioens ina ey nce section wih reference to epectiad level Whenever senate ve oon Dreesure, the mean veloc and tho elevation shouldbe Srocty seemneees ei eee ‘Szctong ie paula at the lon pressure side whore the press sha Ge mea a ees kal ube. in some cases, duo fo spcil mode! text weupater nr ear choose measuring saction located a6 nest as [Rossum of the pressure Is dascibed in'3.3, whareas the Masser at haste leva ltough setdo used or mado et, ie 35.18 Steady-state conditions and numberof readings eadins raquiced to dlarmine the specific hydraulic anergy shal be taken at egulr intervals Sint whon ead ined in 2.3'2..1. The numbor of readege aid {he itonla between them shal provid fr a sulflenty goed appro ore ‘tue taking int atount the petimance of te ela caution sym eee Sas eedors @1ec:1999 287 52. Determination of the specitle hygraule eneeay & 1.2, 152, 4 Gonerat ‘be basi conditions to sehieve an accurata determination of he tpsclehyérauc energy ere loseribed in 95.1.2. Requirements for the choice ata pressure messutng sector ate goer a ry 52.4.2 Shitted measuring sections edol acceptance tests wil gneraly bo conducted wth measuremants at the relerence scons of te machine which are specified nthe conract Oriya excopbenal cases nee eg easuring sections be citerent trom the feterance sections, tis may become mezerein ‘on dlsturances eecur atthe releronce section, caused by the machine oe by he ion nons: auch a shiting shall be agreed by tro pata. fy such cases, he eomporas “iuencing he low pater may alse Be modela,icontacuely agreed ‘or pumps, the high pressure measuring secton shoud be moved fhe pressure and velocty lstrnsons are such that tm calculation f specie hyarasle enety Term tw man eacee ‘ould resultin sigicant sos. A measuring section located some cendu Gamers ot he ‘ump wil general ineroace the rai abity ofthe measurement ‘er turbines, a buterty valve cosa tothe igh preesure valence section may necesalite tosatng the measuring section eines itis ificull fo assess the elect of the wane oe ae 15.2.1.3 Spestiehydrauiie energy correction for shlted measuring sections ‘than the measuring secon isnot he roterene aecton, the los of specif hyde energy detwoen the measuring section and tha fearence seston shat be then io sesaunt de insidration being given to te low dacton and cierbualen andthe ret posto ot te two sections. Evaluation of ths lose may be based on theories! knowledge asa peacce 2elore a decision is made to use a ciferat messurng section, due consideration shall bo en 16 Me urceanty iadice bythe lass ealcunion conpoes Yo at wraegeh [atcectory measuring consions a the roorencs secon, 3522 Retersines levels Ai elevations shal be retered to a reorance datum suoh a8 aceleranc lve ofthe test ig ot ho roferonce vel of the machine (soa 1387.3). kn examsie of main slevatens and Peihis S shown ngs 8, 3522.2 Difference of elevations Wis only important to estabisn accurate ferences of elevations. The most inportent fiterenceofeavaons fr mods! tors ith ference betwen retrance evel a mations nd eterencetvel ot prectura measuring neumert Zu: ou oyu ie oferene velo ai the pressure measuring instruments isthe sama and ls taken as relerence dour, (hen Zur mtoce igure 38). 601890 0:1990 20 — ~ —T . So Poop nate See High pressure ~ net Ee za | Spe ase ty) #0282048 8042» Zan, "owe 98-Examte towing main eatin hla and trece 85.2% Water donaity (208 25:3) ftom the dtintion of space hydraulic energy of he machine in 1.9.8.62 the mean ws Gensiy B shal be calculated as ihe moan of dena ate wo coiscies seis ae, temperature cerence between il and out o he machine s smal, ne tornecae Tins Tatra tho low poasureveteence secon may be used fr ean oe ae ees inthe evaluation or: * a ‘The values of dailed water donily (s00 25,8.1.3 and table 8.2 an noumaly be used as water dena 9 forte Gotomination or Hs Bip soca " 15) he value of ie density for the actual water pu nine meet Ita the veo he doi for tod tar per ote ‘sham 0,05 % (see 2.5.3.1.2); pe equipment lias rather a he deviation fe smator Renaurerons (sn sinplfed Tomuiae maa 321 Soe one sa Me eee ‘annex 0), " Beene ca In special eases, t may be necessary {0 determing tho density pg of actu water use (oo aang,99 © 1c:1999 n2st- 2.4 Specie kinetic eneray convention the specie kines energy tem ina relerance section is determined from the an velocty of he water perpendieiar fo ha section andl akon a5 29/2, » moan voloiy vis the actual dschage passing through the releronce section duded by ‘roa ofthe Same relerenes section. This aaa shall be meaauted nhon model semlany ‘ek9d, The same convention Is apped when the measuring seston lets heey ine Drorco Section win the lms ofthe machine. 2.5 Uncertainty inthe determination of specific hydraulle energy 2 celermination of € sha be adapted foreach method and arrangement according 10 the triples dase in 383 412. an example for the determination cf the alate systematic uncertainty ffs shown responding to iure 29), 2dr to account forte eft of non-uniteriy ofthe pressure dstibution Inthe measuring tions (se 8.8.3.1), an adiional uncertainty fe is addad arthmetcly tothe tele >erainty fet Feson = fe Sat 3. Simpliiea formulae tor 34 Genera! Indicated in annex C, the genset ormula given io 1.2.26. i a convenient apevoximation sa exact value fhe space hysrauie anegy of he machine stner_simpitestions © possible In each specie cate and approximations may be Toduced, for exanpie when tha water eompressiisy o the citarenc ambient prose tence envy seg, 204 [2 The a fotve ventana 4 cota wut aut e164 wom wy dan (stan wcy pl) a eo193 6 1ec:1999 = 259- {can be assumed thatthe acceleration cue a gravy andthe ambient pressure are constant throughout the test Teoma “Te simpiiod format Instalitions, Ony bo used fora tabled in thi eubsause are type forthe described measuring ‘Most common islataons are reviewed. A simpiedlormula shat 9k instalation wiout earful. examining ie avequocy 353.2 Determination of & trom pressure measurement (98 3.3) 35323 Me sent of dtferantial pressure Figure 29 shows schematically tho massuing instalaions forthe determination of spacite hydraulic eneray of the machine whenever diioratl pressure tmensurng evar g hed, This solution i especialy Sutable ‘ot low model test heads where fostunset of "icon aocurasy are ovale, 25322 Separate m urement of pro ‘The pressures are measured separately in eech section, For prassur diferences lees than ut 400000 Pa about 4m of water column), the smprasety of maar ean Se ate th pressure messuing inerument provides absolute pressure rm ‘wanaducers), the ambien! pressure doesnot need Tobe sone suremonts (2g rossure I the pressure messuring instrument provides gauge pressure measurements (29. sping: Bressure gauge or quid eolumn mancmotar t shai be vorled whethar te diferente Smblempressuro onthe instruments shall be incuded ewe gue 40 fatonce negara) ena {igure 1 tioonce taken ito sesount) Furthorsimpiicaions may bo infoduced by soting the pressure measuring intuments at he same relerence lve. This gavealy eacyo ahve ave gue 4, at Spica)199.0 1€¢:1990 ~255- — Wor pase ones edema en Lon peered naan Lae | j } ._ | £ a | 7 ee ton e- '= (Paar ~Paneal/+(vf vB) /2+9 (2422) 29 eieentalprossure measurement the folowing obtained (ea~Pasal/B= 0/805 2u)-Pa/8-(2-24) 04/8] hen apalied to ow model ost heads (A Nor lsmagigble and tie aceumes that 3 = 000 Pa, |e. H < 40 m) thé compressibility of 1 formu seetore the sigh Exsofpes(vt-l/2 0199 © 1ec:1999 287 Lom peau lance and asin section 202° Eat (Pa Pacl/ 5» [v7 -v3)/209 (21-22) {Gauge mancmetere a 2a are Bua Pepe, at points 1 and 2. The aiterance in ambient prossure betwoan sus (Zn 2g) 9 Sma compared io M ereove oaas= Pun 08 C)~23)*Fary Pasa=Pus +029 ye—2 Pana "the compressbily of water canbe neplecte, then py =p =F wee (Pan ~Pacs)/9=(Pun Put) IPG Ke 21240 +22), impo formulas Ea lom- ave) P(e 98] esl —Pual Further siltation: the pressure measuring instruments are onthe same slevaton, zu = Zu, thon Ex aHe(Oun-Pua)/Be(se v8) /299. 1ec:1000 = 250- T ow posuere il ‘tena ary eH (neat) (B44) 200-20) ® compressbay of water is nepligible, Becaute the afarence ol pressure between sections nazis emall rato: nize re Paws =P°9 (r= 21) Panne Pana =P 9.220) Dare Panet~Pante*~24:9 (81 ~E2) 6 sinpliig formulaic Eazy -zellt-pala)e lv? -v¥)/2 =0-2(1-pafohe(v-)/2 grt Gateminaln of pac hydra nergy oe mashing 20199 6 1ec:1998 =261- » For Paton turbines, when ths housing suo, only tho messuremant of tho pressure py at iho nigh pessuterateronce secon regulon. Thus lurheraimpihoatone ‘an be itodiced the gantral formula is apple to Paton turbinos (eee gues #2 and 43), n turbines (Impulse turbines) By convention, vs taker as ze, elevation 2; ofthe low pressure reference section pe vation ofa contact polts ofthe jt ava wth the Pecn [ot eres and te pracsne housing i assured equal to tho ambient pressure, provided the heusing Te nok saud and sapped wth sullen se 1 the mousing is pressurized, the amblont prossute inthe, hing shall be measured and ‘secounted for when deteining & (panne © Pane 353. Determination of E from water level measurements Whenever possibia, water Tevel measurements (ces 9.4) should be avoided for model sccoptanee tests, "Nevertheless, Wt le necessary or it le agraad 19 dotemine by ‘measurements often wat fveis, ctpecialyat tha low pressure ie, the methods Seseibes in’. shal be apo ‘The requraments forthe flow contin inthe surrounding area ofthe meesurng sections aro Gesorbed ind Figure 46, ie hydraulic eneigy fem measurom rion? shal be 15 close a possbie 1 tho sat uve out For auch measurement ie water vel shen ee the mean velocity, the wala of the drat ase are umes to extend out to secon 2, delmeaing the fconal aes of ho secon, 8.54 Determination ofthe net positive suction spot enersy NPSE. 354.1 oetintion ‘The net postive suction specie ensray NPSE is reared to tho low pressure side of tho ‘machine ts defniton and ie general onula forts detarmington are given in 1.3.3.8, Measurement may be allected by practical cumstances, ia the same way as hysrauie’ energy € of the machine, Subeauso 362 shal ase be. conser ‘determination ofthe nat patie surton specie ene'ay 3.5.4.2 simple tormuls ‘As ong as th pressure can be measured in the lw pressure clarence section, the goneral formulas direct spplable and valid or bath operating modes, pump ad irvine: In fabs a, "roe cases forth datorminaton of NPSE ar deseood31936 1EC:1509 -269~ Petynce evo h pressure meas isin | = LGaG © bb serene eanna onventionaly assumed that th low prssuteeeterence section is the equal pane ot net at sevaton ze. For nor-macsurzed housing, the pressure wee te hover oe ‘nventionaly assumed is be equal othe mio presse, Vf-(4-A)/esa(e-re) = (Per he difarance in ambient pressure between 2yy and 2 Is naglacted because 2 is smal Smpared to heteore Pars Pans “Part ‘athe its aesumed ZolPoz fence Pane ™a*2: 6194 Pana hore py the gauge pressure measured at 2 Pasa ~Pare 4s 2)= zp and assuming v=o, he simplified formul is = pafBoo lou-teost sepa Beo 2A 2 20198 0 1€c:1999 ~265- Noe etree el iets meng stoceent cckersy —— a sane tl Stead eee orc sean nt i {ase of ron-pressurized housing: the proteus inside the housing is convenonaly assumed as equal tothe amblont pressure ees ‘The aiferonce in ambiont pressure betwoon 2uy and 22 1 neglected because Zs small compared os Therefore Further ts assumed Hence Pat * P(E -20 9 ane ‘ete pu 88 gauge prossute measured a uy Assuming ve = 0, the sipltiod formula is: Figure 43 Paton tarbines with horizontal ats11980 18C-1999 gener = 9H [bane Paeaal/B+(v? ~¥8)/2+9(2)-29) = oaarPasel/b(i-W8)/209 te) sBiast Eine ‘ests Eu between 1 and 1 and Exee!botwasn 2 and 2 ra eubtacied lor a tubing and lees tora pump vith th stuaioncosérbed inthe sketch above! 1s compressibility of watar is neglected because the diferanc of pressure between and 2 Seal 18 simplties formula becomes (209 fue 41} -zellt-ajole(-oB)/22e, Figure 44 ~Lewentaanigs. tron of sti re Sel Ven semen, peed NPSE=G NPSH=(Oy0~Pua}/Pa +¥3/2~9 (2,~22) (as6 a) Liquid (water column) manometer at point 2: Panee P20 (8222) *Pane ‘Tesi = (Pare “Pua fee +¥8/2-0(%,~22) + (Pana -Peal/oa *¥3/ 2-9-2, {case b) Pressure gage at lovely, measuring at point 2: wat" Pe ua ™25)+Pany “The sepited formu is NPSE = (Pye +Paro Pua)! Pa V3 /2-9 (2, = ya) (Case } Dillerentiat manometer connected witha pot situated at the reforance level of ‘The simplified formula is: NPSE=(49-+ Pane -Bra)/ba +¥8/2 Figue 48 ~ Determination of net postive ston energy NPSE ‘Shanet poutivanucvon ese NPSsso 1ec:1999 mane Shaft torque mensurement Cconerat 2, galeulation of mechanical powor ol th runserfinpaler Py requires the determineton ot torque applied tothe runnesimpelar Te Bina for tet etna son atm [Ser peppronmo a 118 the trction torque du o eae! and bearing srangement Pepa, wo iferent measuring eystoms canbe applied for torque measurement {hose of ho typ ‘sninging frame". wharo Tens a sovcaie nar tou", 0. Tin i taken Into account by the system isl (The following. daserbed ae ‘vosrng ol ftateg pans & balance’, s00 fr instance igus 4b and 37) ‘hose where and Tuy aro moasured eoparately (nth following, deserted as “earng ot rotating parts net in bslance" see tov lostance igure} «2 shaft torque Tol runnalinpaller may be absorbed or generated by {an cleetical machine, usualy a motaigensator with variable speed, bsorted by ferent yes of brakes: eddycurrent br yarn bake, rachanlel Desk 5.2 Mathods of torque measurement 5.21 Primary method the primary method, the torque Te determined by the forse F spplied to lover arm ultptoaty the rasun at which lig apged T= Fo 1 actual force apple 10 balance tha swinging frarne may be measured by: "wei wansns ova eve stein (carat weighs an eavoraoa aver ar). ni 6m Bangla the babe pematy method Fone of the Foloning mathods, which ean be calratad inst by the basic primary method = force transi, manometer sa rotating piston, incense tho accuracy io determining tha tla fore, itis rscommmenced ta counterbalance a rho fore acing on tha erm by means of ealbrated aegis, 60193 ©1ec:1909 -2ra- 182.2 Secondary method A forquometer may be used provided ils accuracy ie accaptable to all pares and i ie falbrated by tho primary method. A torquemeter comprises a length of shang” whoes torsional strain, whan rotating, i sonvarted to an scien ovpul quay by opten! alethaeg oy ether means. Tho design and tn arrangement otha hoe or nguemeter sal oe caer at the measurement set inuenced by speed, temperature, eal frst ot radial ce 3.8 Methods of absorbingigenerating power 2.6.1 Motorgenerator with variable speed ‘This mathod comprises a machine fr absorbing and generating power eecially,sulabiy ‘Mounted so that the mechanical toque can ba measured. Ths device can bu anode Sag {trbine and pump model 368.2 Eddy-currant ‘The operation of his olctromagnetc brake is resticed o absecting power 863.3 Hydrate ‘This brake absorbs omar hydrodamicaly: It Is unstable fr use at low speed absorption vavios wh is power 36.34 Mechanics brake ‘This brake absorbs power by trclon. thas the advantage that high torques can be eptied at tow speeds, even down to zero riationalspoed. Tha Yorgue apifed shall be reso, aoe ae ‘mecharical system shallbawbraton ree, 864 Layout ot an 86.41 Genorat Figures 46 to 54 show practical arangements comprising primary and secondary mathods of ‘orquo measurement. Al arangoments shown can ba aGepod ter ethan a hostel aie ‘orton nus ton and Figues 49 and 47 iustat the principle ofthe balance ertigement. The torque acting onthe runneremator ie measirod et te tou arm ofthe swinging a 1 he swinging frame, a8 shown In igure 48, farmed by two separate fame, the torques ‘acting on each frame shall bo messuled apd sdded sobre, Figure 49 shows an artangemen not ful in balance, hertore the lose 560i shall bo massured separate, {01 beating and Figure $0 shows an arangoment wih the model shaft tough a dat tube elbow. Normal uch an arrangement isnot fly ia balance and lasses have tebe assecmen Fa Special arrangements are necessary for estng mutistage pups or pump-trtines as shown in figure 51. Pariesiar attention sto be paid machancullossow Bea atean chen oe accurately known and accounted fr evr the whole range af speed and plectere cone uring tha toa, Figure 52 itustates an arrangement using a torquemater. Figuos 53 and $4 show variations win an additonal guise bearing whch ay be Scncea or noe