Art:

A medium to express our inner feelings.

Aesthetics:
It is the branch of science which deals with beauty.

Mediums of Art:
1.Drawing
2.Painting
3.Sculpture
4.Ceramic
5.Textile Deign
6.Paint making/Graphic art

Drawing:
The medium is usually paint or charcoal. Drawing may be a simple
sketch, doodle, line drawing and drawing with light and shape
Ex:2D=Square , 3D=Cube
Painting:
Any work of art with colors pigments, paint is painting. Painting is 2
dimensional
#Type of Painting
Traditional/contemporary
Realistic
 Abstract
Sculpture:
Sculpture is a 3diomesional work of art the materials are usually stone,
wood, granite ,marble, etc..
#Materials used in sculpture:
Clay, Stone, Wood, Marble, Fiber glass, Bronze, Brass, Ivory(Tusk),
Copper, Plaster of paris , Cement .
#Type of sculpture:
1.Relef
2.Base-Relief
3.Sculpture in Round
Line:
Continuation or combination of points.
Type of Lines:
Horizontal
Vertical
Diagonal
Wave
Spiral
Zig-zag
To define the volume/mass we need line
Form:
Combination of shapes is form.
Shape:
Shape is part of a form. Form is of two types
1.Symmetric and 2.Asymmetric
Symmetric Eg:
Cube, cuboid , Cone Human body
Asymmetric Eg:
Stone,
Warm colours:
Red, Yellow, Orange
Cool Colours:
Blue, Green
Any particular colour:
Any colour mixed with white is Tint
Mue is a name of pure colour.
Colour wheel:

Opposite colour in colour wheel are complementary colour

Eg: Ramraj colour
What is the purpose of Art?
The purpose of which god created the human beings and the universe
was to obtain joy through loving an object. Likewise it is for the purpose
of obtaining joy that human beings created or appreciate works of art
as things objects.Therefore art can be described as “Art of Creating joy
through Creation or Appreciation”.

What is Beauty?
According To Divine principles “love is the Emotional force given by the
Subject to the Object, and beauty is the emotional force return to the
Subject by the Object” In case while the object is a mineral or a material
stimulus, but the subject, ”Human being can deceive it as emotional
stimulation to the subject, the subject does not receive it. In such case
the stimulation cannot become an emotional stimulation.

What is Aesthetics?
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty,
art and taste and with the creation and applications of beauty. It is
more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or emotional values,
sometimes on judgments of sentiment and taste. More broadly
scholars in the field defined as “critical Reception on Art, Cultural and
Natural”.
Indian Aesthetics:
Indian Art has evolved with an emphasis special, spiritual or
philosophical status in the audience or with representing them
symbolically. According to Kapila Vatsayana ‘Classical Indian
Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Literature, Kavya (Poem), Music and
Dancing evolved their own rules, condition by their respective media,
But they share with one another not only the underlying spiritual belief
of the Indian Religion philosophic mind but also the procedure by which
the relationships of the symbol and the spiritual sates were worked out
in detail.
Compositional aspects of Art:
Composition is the term used for the arrangements of elements in the
subject matter of a painting done successfully it draws in the viewer
and pills their height across the whole painting so that everything is
taken in and finally settles on the main subject of the painting. In his
‘Notes of the painter’ by Henri Matisse Defined it this way,
“composition is the art of arranging in a decorative manner, the diverse
elements at the painters command to express his feeling”.
Elements of Composition:
Elements of composition in art are used to arrange the components in a
way that is pleasing to the artist and hopefully to the viewer.
It help, gives structure to the layout and the way the subject is
presented. It also encourages or leads the viewer eye to wander around
the whole painting, taking in everything and ultimately coming back to
the rest on the focal point. In western art they are generally considered
to be Unity, Balance, Movement, Rhythm, Focus, Contrast, Pattern and
Proportion.
Unity:
All the parts of the composition feel as if they belong together, or does
something feel stuck on, awkwardly out of place.
Balance:
Having a symmetrical arrangement helps sense of calm, where as an
asymmetric created a sense of imbalance
Movement:
There are many ways to give a sense of movement in a painting such as
the arrangement of objects the position of figures, the flow of a river
Rhythm:
In the same way music does a piece of art can have a rhythm or
underlying beat that leads and places the eyes as you look at it like
large underling shapes (square, triangle) and repeated colour.
Focus:
The viewers eye ultimately wants to rest on the most important thing
or focal point in the painting otherwise the eye feels lost wandering
around in space.
Contrast:
Strong differences between light and dark or minimal.
Pattern:
An underling structure, the basic lines and shapes in the composition.
Portion:
How things fit together big and small nearby and distance. The
elements of composition are not the same as the elements of art
though composition is also a part of latter.
“chiaro scuro “ Greek word meaning light and Dark.
Indian Paintings:
Indian paintings have taken various forms varying with age, religion and
tradition. they have evolved from one form to another. The art has a
record dating back to as old as 30,000 years in a pre-historic art form
which has spread from Himalayas to Tamil Nadu. The places like
Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh house some of the most elegant and rich
form of latter which gradually flourished in the form of Cave paintings
of famous Ajentha and Ellora Caves.

Each style which donned an era in the cultural history of India comes
with a special flair and a style unique to that stage.

Paintings covering the upper part of the ceiling, Rock-Cut caves, warli,
etc have adorned the richness of art in India. Medieval Indian times
were graced with flamboyant art depictions in the form of Mughal
Paintings, Tanjore Paintings, Raj put paintings and Mithila Paintings.
These had their own cues and turns which brought out their
individuality and timelessness.

Six limbs of Indian Paintings

Shadangas:
Painting (Alekhyam) (drawing and Painting) occupies the fourth place
among the 64 arts enumerated by Vatsyayana in his kama sutra. While
concluding Vatsyayana written a sloga which amply indicated that
painting was fully developed during that period and that period and 6
limbs of painting enumerated in the kama sutra.

The six different limbs were actually different-six different points or

strokes which was emphasised to infuse more life to the paintings.

Rupabheda, Pramanibhava-Lavanya yojana,

Sadrishyam Vernica Bangamitichitram Shadakam.

These were Rupebheda, Pramanam, Bhava, Lavanya Yojana,

Shadrishyam and vernieabangam

Rupebheda:
It deals with the subtle and stark differences in appearance of the
figure.

Pramanam:
It is like pixel made the artist work on the brush to bring out the
accutate perception, measure and structure.

Bava:
It made Facial Expressions which are generally ruled by the inner
feelings. The artist had to visualise the situation, emotion and express
in forms of expression.

Lavanya Yojana:
It was required to add a touch of panache to complete the finesse of
the work.(panache-flamboyant confidence of style or manner)
Shadrishyam:
It called for enhanced strokes on enumerating the similitude in the
subjects, attitude or action.

Vernikabanga:
In every piece of art, as it allowed the artist to use the brush and colors
in his own artistic flair, such richness endowed in Indian art makes it
unparalleled and precious.

visible and invisible aspects of art:

In certain works of art the numinous quality comes not through
content, likeness to reality, perfection of techniques or composition but
rather through the different process itself and unfinished and
imperfect. The tension of this imperfection is then held visibly and
secretly in the image until the viewer comes along to privately open
and engaged it in the viewing and then uncompleted, never ending
process comes to life, drawing the viewer into its participatory space.
This mysterious quality does not track any direct lines through artistry,
and follows the fine supplied thread leaping across continents,
centuries and even millennia

Works that capture this quality share an affinity or correspondence that

does not repeat mundane time, space, logic, or personal taste and
aesthetic references but rather connects to the timeless God-like
quality in each of us that essential being at our very core.

We occasionally catch a glimpse of this being reflected sometimes in

part like the starkling glaze of an animal caught unaware suddenly
looking back at us in recognition. The art critic and the novelist John
Berger suggest that to find this invisible heaven one must light up
something as small and as hard as a pebble.

Art history:
Art history is a study of objects of art in their historical development
and stylistic context genre, design, format and style.

This includes Major arts of painting, sculpture and architecture as well

as the Minor arts of ceramics, furniture and other decorative objects.

As a term, art history(also history of art) encompasses several methods

of studying the visual arts, the common usage referring to works of art
and architecture. Aspects of the discipline overlap.

Useful art:

Furniture, Textile, Ceramics, idols.

Art Criticism:

Art Criticism is a discussion or evolution of visual art. Art critics usually

criticize art in the context of Aesthetics. A goal or art criticism is the
pursuit of a rational basics for art appreciation, but it is questionable
whether such criticism transcends prevailing socio********

The variety of artistic movements has resulted in the division of art

criticism into different principles which may each use different criteria
for their judgments. The most common division in the field of art
criticism is between historical criticism and evolution, a form of art
history and contemporary criticism of work by living artist. Art criticism
has many and often numerous and subjective view points which are
rarely vary as vary as there are people as practicing it. It is difficult to
come by a more stable definition than that activity being related to the
discussion and interpretation of art and its values. Depending on who is
writing the subject, Art criticism itself may be obviated as a direct goal
or it may include art history within its frame work

4 Steps involved in Art Criticism:

1.Description

2.Analysis

3.Interpretation

4.Evaluation

1.Description:

If we were art critics who had to write a review of an oil painting or the
sculpture we would start by describing what we see. We would leave
out the judgements and our own interpretation and what we think it
means and analysis of it. We would describe elements such as columns,
the size and scale of it, general shapes used, the use of vertical and
horizontal lines and angles, colour and colour schemes used, the
texture of it and where and when it was done, to give it historical
context.

2.Analysis:

Analyzing the work of art by determining what elements the described

elements are suggesting and why the artist used those specific colours
angles, shapes, etc to convey feelings, ideas or historical events. It is
important to really analyses the composition of the work, focusing on
details such as its use of lights and shades, space and landscape. If the
work of art is purposefully disproportionate it can make you feel a
certain way just as its use of light and colour.

3.Interpretation:

After we have aptly described and analyzed the work of art we must
interpret it. Interpretation is used to establish context, explaining why
we think the artist created it and what it means. When interpreting a
work of art we want to interpret the overall meaning of the work while
pointing to evidence inside the work, historical context, clues such as
what was going on in history when it was created, and what are
theories or movements relate to it.

4.Evaluation or Judgement:

We must decide where an art work stands along side similar works and
explain what aspect of it are most important deciding its quality.
Evaluation can be prickly because our own biased views often come
into play here and they should not. For example If we try to evaluate
the painting of an old peasant by Vincent Vangogh, we might already
believe that old age is associated with weakness. When we look at the
painting and try to evaluate it that bias may cloud our judgements so
that we see a frail old man even though this portrait uses vibrant &
contrasting colours. So we have to try to leave our views out of it and
really let the work speak for itself.

Critics tend to focus more on modern and contemporary art from

cultures.

Defining art criticism:

1.Art criticism is responding to, interpreting meaning and making
critical judgements about specific works of art.

2.Art critics help to view us perceive, interpret and judge art works.

3.critics tend to focus more on modern and contemporary art forms

cultures close to their own.

4.Art historians tend to study work mode in cultures that are more
distant in time and space.

5.When initially introduced to art criticism many people associate

negative connotation with the word criticism.

6. Critics tend to focus more on modern and contemporary art from

cultures.

Who is a Professional art critic?

The professional art critic may be

1.Newspaper reporter assigned to the art column.

2.A scholar writing for professional journals or

3.An artist writing about other artists.

Ideal perceiver:
The concept of the ideal perceiver is another very important concept in
Indian aesthetics. Bharathamuni talks of stylization (Natiaya Dharma)
and its important that rasiksa (connoisseur) Sumana or Shadriaya (The
emphathetic) Perceiver should understand artistic conventions, Have
sufficient detachment and a balanced state of mind, as well as deep
inclination to share what is being communicated.