Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

Master of Arts in Industrial Education (IA)
Main Campus, Roxas City

GRADUATE SCHOOL

ADRIAN B. CONTILLO MELCHOR A. LAVEZORA

Reporter Professor
Types of Handicrafts

Pottery
Pottery is the material from which the potteryware is made of which major types include
earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery.
Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery. Pottery is made by
forming a clay body into objects of a required shape and heating them to high temperatures.

Basket Weaving
Basket weaving (also basketry, basket making) is the process of weaving unspun vegetable
fibers into a basket or other similar form. People and artists who weave baskets are called
basketmakers and basket weavers. Basketry is made from a variety of fibrous or pliable materials,
anything that will bend and form a shape. Examples include pine straw, stems, animal hair, hide,
grasses, thread, and wood.

Weaving
Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are
interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. The other methods are knitting, lace making, felting,
and braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the
weft or filling. The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth.
Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling
threads are woven through them. A fabric band which meets this definition of cloth (warp threads with
a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other methods, including tablet weaving, back-
strap, or other techniques without looms. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other
is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain
weave, satin weave, or twill. Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or can be
woven in decorative or artistic designs.

Tatting
Tatting is a technique for handcrafting a particularly durable lace constructed by a series of
knots and loops. Tatting can be used to make lace edging as well as doilies, collars, and other
decorative pieces. The lace is formed by a pattern of rings and chains formed from a series of cow
hitch, or half-hitch knots, called double stitches, over a core thread. Gaps can be left between the
stitches to form picots, which are used for practical construction as well as decorative effect.

Macramé
Macramé or macrame is a form of textile-making using knotting rather than weaving or knitting.
Its primary knots are the square knot and forms of "hitching": full hitch and double half hitches. It was
long crafted by sailors, especially in elaborate or ornamental knotting forms, to decorate anything from
knife handles to bottles to parts of ships. Materials used in macramé include cords made of cotton
twine, linen, hemp, jute, leather or yarn. Cords are identified by construction, such as a 3-ply cord,
made of 3 lengths of fiber twisted together.

Crochet
Crochet is a process of creating fabric from yarn, thread, or other material strands using a
crochet hook. The word is derived from the French word "crochet", meaning hook. Hooks can be made
of materials such as metals, woods or plastic and are commercially manufactured as well as produced
by artisans. Crocheting, like knitting, consists of pulling loops through other loops, but additionally
incorporates wrapping the working material around the hook one or more times.
 Crochet differs from knitting in that only one stitch is active at one time, stitches made with
the same diameter of yarn are comparably taller, and a single crochet hook is used instead of two
knitting needles. Additionally, crochet has its own system of symbols to represent stitch types.

Tapestry
Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven on a vertical loom. However, it can also
be woven on a floor loom as well. It is composed of two sets of interlaced threads, those running parallel
to the length (called the warp) and those parallel to the width (called the weft); the warp threads are set
up under tension on a loom, and the weft thread is passed back and forth across part or all of the warps.
Tapestry is weft-faced weaving, in which all the warp threads are hidden in the completed work, unlike
cloth weaving where both the warp and the weft threads may be visible. In tapestry weaving, weft yarns
are typically discontinuous; the artisan interlaces each colored weft back and forth in its own small
pattern area. It is a plain weft-faced weave having weft threads of different colors worked over portions
of the warp to form the design.
Most weavers use a naturally based warp thread such as linen or cotton. The weft threads are
usually wool or cotton, but may include silk, gold, silver, or other alternatives.

Mosaic
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone,
or other materials. It may be a technique of decorative art, an aspect of interior decoration, or of cultural
and spiritual significance as in a cathedral. Small pieces, normally roughly quadratic, of stone or glass
of different colors, known as tesserae, (diminutivetessellae), are used to create a pattern or picture.

Collage
Collage (From the French: coller, to glue) is a technique of an art production, primarily used in
the visual arts, where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new
whole.
A collage may sometimes include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or handmade
papers, portions of other artwork or texts, photographs and other found objects, glued to a piece of
paper or canvas. The origins of collage can be traced back hundreds of years, but this technique made
a dramatic reappearance in the early 20th century as an art form of novelty.™
Calligraphy
Calligraphy (from Greek kallos "beauty" +graphẽ "writing") is a type of visual art related to
writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument or brush in one stroke (as
opposed to built up lettering, in which the letters are drawn.) . A contemporary definition of calligraphic
practice is "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner" . The story
of writing is one of aesthetic evolution framed within the technical skills, transmission speed and
material limitations of a person, time and place. A style of writing is described as a script, hand or
alphabet.
Calligraphy continues to flourish in the forms of wedding and event invitations, font
design/typography, original hand-lettered logo design, religious art, announcements/graphic
design/commissioned calligraphic art, cut stone inscriptions and memorial documents. It is also used
for props and moving images for film and television, testimonials, birth and death certificates, maps,
and other works involving writing. Some of the finest works of modern calligraphy are charters and
letters patent issued by monarchs and officers of state in various countries.

Handicraft industries in the Philippines

Rattan Craft
This is the art of manufacturing products made from rattan. Rattan belong to the palm family and a
native species in tropical regions such as Asia, Australia, and Africa. Rattan, yantok in Filipino term, is
a long and slender climbing plant, whose sheaths are protected by its spines that play a major role in
supporting the rattan as it grows on other plants in the forests. The products that are made using this
material are popular and because of their flexibility and durability. Some examples of rattan crafts are
baskets, hats, wall décor, ash trays, picture frames, sofa sets, TV racks, cabinets, and other articles
and furniture for home use.

Bamboo Craft
This is the art of making usable products out of bamboos. Bamboos are used in building bahay kubo
(nipa hut), furniture, house furnishings such as hangers, trays, dividers, lamp shades, and many
different kinds of useful articles at home.
Leather Craft
The art of manufacturing articles out of leather. Taxidermy, or the art of preparing, stuffing, and
mounting the skins of animals, also makes use of the skin of animals, but generally the head and part
of the back are used. Hides and skins are also used in the manufacture of glue and gelatin. Some
examples of leather products are bags, shoes, jackets, coin purses, gloves, belts, wallets, and others.

Coconut Shell Craft

The art of producing articles from coconut shells. After coco meat is scraped from the shells, they are
cleaned and cut into various shapes to be used in making articles like buttons, brooches, table lamps,
dippers, buckles, and others.
Another product of coconut shell craft is the coco necklace. It is made from coconut shells which are
cut and polished to form coconut shell components. The designs used are ethnic and have special
colors and shapes. The coconut shell components are combined with wood, shells, and many other
natural materials to create a trendy necklace. Coco necklaces are combined with shell pendant, coco
pendant, and wood pendant.

Classifications of Crafts
Textile Crafts
These include any type of craft where you work with fabric, yarn or surface design. Some examples
are knitting, quilting, appliqué, weaving and dyeing. Many of these could obviously also fall into the
decorative or fashion crafts categories, since the finished good is sold as a sweater or wall hanging.
However, they are technically textile crafts since it all starts with the fabric.

Paper Crafts
As the name implies, paper crafts have to do with well – paper! +The grown-up version of this is wood
engraving. Other paper crafts include paper-mache, calligraphy, and papermaking.

Decorative Crafts
Furniture making, metalwork, stenciling, stained glass, gilding, spongeware, surface design of walls
such as trompe l'oeil, basketry and dried flowers fall into the category of decorative crafts. This category
also includes toy making. Combining furniture-making with metalwork is a popular trend. Arts and crafts
and home décor magazines showcase furniture constructed from wood but with metalwork legs or trim.
The metalwork tends to be very industrial-looking but there is a good amount of ornate metalwork added
in as well.

Fashion Crafts
This type of crafts encompasses all the elements of dressing the human body: jewelry, hats,
leatherwork (shoes, belts, handbags) and garments. This craft type will naturally intersect other craft
types since jewelry can be made through metalworking and garments are fabricated by sewing – which
can be classified as a textile craft.
Example of fashion crafts: Jewelry Making

Functional Crafts
Many of the four other types of crafts can also be classified as functional. For example, decorative
pottery is made with components that are okay for your customers to eat from such as serving platters
or utensils. Many furniture crafts are primarily functional but can also be quite decorative.