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A professional sound level meter must conform to to professional sound level meters during their pe-
the Polish standard PN-EN 61672 (2005) and is sub- riodical check-ups, according to the standard PN-
ject to legal metrological verification – obligatory type EN 61672-3 (2007) and respective measurement pro-
approval according to the regulation of the Polish Min- cedures used in the Laboratory of Vibroacoustics
istry of Economy (2007). At present, the cheapest pro- (Wszołek, Kłaczyński, 2008). The results of those
fessional devices conforming to the above-mentioned professional tests for such an unprofessional measuring
requirements are produced by the Sonopan company. device have been found to be quite satisfactory and en-
It manufactures only sound level meters with a func- hanced the authors’ motivation to a further activity in
tion set conformant to the function set required by the the proposed direction.
standard PN-EN 61672-1 (2005) and the government The present paper describes the effects of adapta-
regulation by the Polish Ministry of Economy (2007). tion of the above-mentioned software to the require-
Still the cost of such a device exceeds many times the ments of teaching practice and detailed investigations
prices of non-professional devices made in China, like of microphones used for the computerized measure-
AZ8921 or Monacor SM-2. The Chinese devices include ments. Due to implementation of the LVSLM EDU v1
the manufacturer’s declaration of conformity to the software each student (each of 15 people in a labora-
standard PN-EN 61672-1 (2005) which is printed on tory group) will be able to have a separate device for
their cases. There are also companies that issue cali- his/her own use. Visualization of selected problems will
bration certificates for such devices. The combination definitely facilitate the process of assimilation of the
of price, declaration of conformity, and/or calibration necessary knowledge related to acoustic measurements.
certificate creates a situation when these devices are
frequently purchased, used, and even applied for the 2. The software concept – basics of acoustic
teaching practice. Only those well aware of the regu- measurements
lations related to the legal metrology and professional
measurement are able to evaluate the actual value of After assimilation of the basic ideas related to the
such devices. In practice these measuring devices do acoustic phenomena the students proceed to studying
not conform to many standard and legal requirements devices used for acoustic measurements and respec-
and cannot be calibrated by standard methods (PN- tive measurement methods. The basic concepts used
EN 61672-3, 2007). Thus, one cannot ensure the relia- in the introduction are: sound (and the related sub-
bility of the results obtained from such measurements. jective impressions), acoustic pressure (and the deci-
The problems with the lack of availability of a bel scale), sound spectrum, acoustic field and types of
sufficient number of professional sound level me- acoustic signals. The basic knowledge regarding mea-
ters and that prevents an effective realization of suring devices has to include the sound level meter,
laboratory activities have lead to the concept of measurement microphone, and band filters. If this ba-
implementation of an educational sound level meter sic knowledge is purely theoretical the student, after
in the LabVIEW environment. We decided to use laying his/her hands on the device (at present often an
LabVIEW because its functionality and exibility advanced digital sound analyzer), will carry out mea-
has been proved in many different research studies surements without actually knowing what he/she is do-
(Trojanowski, Wiciak, 2010; Barański, Batko, ing at the moment. There are some digits flashing on
2011). An attempt has been made to construct the display of the device that in most cases are rather
and implement a laboratory measurement setup hard to understand and properly interpret. Therefore,
which could offer the students a possibility to gain it is very important that the freshly acquired theoret-
a thorough and more detailed knowledge of the ical knowledge is instantly implemented in practice.
problems related to the acoustic signal measurement Namely, the student should instantly “feel, hear, and
using sound level meters, as well as frequency band see” the effects of the device’s settings on the measure-
analysis (1/1 and 1/3 octave filters) and narrow-band ment results.
Fourier analysis (FFT). The software package written The practical teaching experience of the authors
for the above-mentioned measurement setup has of the present work indicates that the best effects in
been labeled as LVSLM EDU v1 (shortened from: teaching sound level measurements are achieved by a
LabVIEW\Sound Level Meters\EDUcation\version1). simultaneous presentation to the students of both ana-
The actual implementation is based on the solution log and digital meters. In such a situation students
presented on 15th International Conference Noise more promptly acquire the proper way of configuring
Control 2010 (Barański R., Low Cost Sound Level the device in the context of a specific type of measured
Meter Based On LabVIEW ). signal.
The software presented on 15th International Con- The learning process referring to the scope of the
ference Noise Control 2010 has been subject (in com- basic ideas used in the acoustic measurements has to
bination with the soundcard of Dell E1405 laptop start from an introduction to the sound level meter
computer) to the tests that are routinely applied and the following actions:
R. Barański, G. Wszołek – Educational Implementation of a Sound Level Meter. . . 21
• switching the device on (various solutions in var- 3. Educational setup – VSLM EDU V1
ious device types by various manufacturers some- software package
times make the process not-so-simple),
The main objective of the elaborated software for
• setting the proper measurement range,
simulating functioning of a sound level meter, spec-
• setting the proper frequency weighting (A, C, tral analysis, and narrow-band frequency analysis is
LIN/Z), to prepare the user for working with real, professional
measuring devices. Therefore, the program is equipped
• setting the proper time weighting (Fast, Slow, Im-
with the most frequently used measurement functions
pulse),
encountered in standard digital sound analyzers.
• configuration of the measured (and/or read-in) The student equipped with a PC computer with the
parameters of the measured quantity (momentary LVSLM EDU V1 software, soundcard, microphone,
effective value SPL, maximum sound level, mini- and a set of headphones for monitoring the generated
mal sound level, peak-value sound level, equivalent signals, can easily and without excessive costs study
sound level, sound exposure level), the basics of acoustic measurements and signal anal-
• setting up the measurement time, ysis. The software allows the analysis of exemplary
acoustic signals selectable from a pull-down menu (e.g.
• device calibration using a reference sound source real recordings of the traffic noise, industrial room en-
(acoustic calibrator) to the sound level declared vironment noise) and the analysis of signals received
by the manufacturer of a given device, in its ref- by a microphone in the actual laboratory environment
erence range (if the device offers more than one (e.g. signals generated by the extra equipment used by
measurement range). the supervising teacher).
Understanding of the dependence between the mea- Such a solution allows direct observation of the re-
surement results of individual parameters shown by action and reading changes on the virtual measuring
the device and the generated and simultaneously heard device caused by an arbitrary acoustic signal regis-
acoustic signal is more easily gained when the analog tered by the measuring system. Practical experience
indicator scale is observed. Thus, students learn faster suggests that such a visual presentation provides the
how to set up properly the time characteristics or the fastest progress in understanding the work of a profes-
measurement range. sional sound level meter.
Also, a visual presentation of the spectral analysis The authors of the paper, being aware of the er-
of simple signals (noise) without any correction curve rors occurring in the readings of the virtual meter,
(LIN/Z) followed by the same presentation with spe- have carried out a series of tests concerning the ac-
cific frequency weightings (A, C) leads to a fast com- curacy analysis of the results obtained from a vir-
prehension of the effects of frequency characteristics on tual instrument based on a low-cost soundcard and a
the measurement results and the connection between microphone routinely used in standard measurement
the correction effects and the human subjective im- solutions. The results of the electrical tests executed
pressions. by measurement procedures (Wszołek, Kłaczyński,
The decibel scale and understanding of the depen- 2008) conformant to the standard (PN-EN 61672-3,
dence between an equivalent value of the sound level 2007) have been presented on 15th International Con-
and a momentary measured value are also frequently ference Noise Control 2010. The acoustic studies of
difficult to grasp for students. This is much easier to low-cost, generally available microphones dedicated to
understand if the knowledge is presented in a visual the present measurement setup are described in Sec. 5
mode. of the present paper.
Only when the student comprehends the above-
mentioned basics of measurements, when his/her 4. Description of the LVSLM EDU V1
knowledge has been verified by practical measurements application
of various signal types under the supervision of a
teacher, he/she is ready for the individual (in practice The LVSLM EDU v1 program has been developed
in a student’s group) laboratory practice dedicated to in the LabVIEW 2010 (32-Bit) environment (Lab-
specific types of measurements (e.g. traffic noise, in- VIEW 2010, Help, National Instruments Corp., 2010).
dustrial noise, acoustic power). Additionally, functions implemented in the Sound and
Implementation of the educational sound level me- Vibration Toolkit ver. 2010 (NI Sound and Vibration
ter in the LabVIEW environment (appended by the Measurement Suite, 2009) have been used. The main
signal spectral analysis and FFT functions) allows the application window of LVSLM EDU v1 is shown in
student to study in detail the properties of sound level Fig. 1. Further-on the complete computer measure-
meters and perform simple, evaluating measurements ment setup together with the necessary software will
on his/her own using a dedicated computer setup. be labeled as a single term “measuring device”.
22 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 38, Number 1, 2013
The main application window has been split into • pink noise,
four sections: SIGNAL, SETTINGS, ACOUSTIC PA- • traffic noise (registered in the Mickiewicza alley in
RAMETERS, SPECTRA (see Fig. 1). Each panel (ex- Kraków),
cluding the SIGNAL) reflects the basic measurement • industrial noise at a construction site (work of an
functions implemented in the sound level meter and its excavator and pneumatic hammer).
enhancements covering the spectral and narrow-band
signal analyses. For every generated signal type there is a possibil-
Additionally, the main window includes two but- ity of changing the settings (parameters like amplitude
tons executing respectively switching the meter on and and/or frequency).
off (START/STOP) and closing the main application The last option in the SIGNAL section is the
window (Exit program). MEASUREMENT. It allows registration of the sounds
present in the local neighborhood, using the com-
4.1. The “Signal” section puter’s soundcard and a connected external micro-
phone.
In order to ensure the ability to simulate the func-
tioning of a real device the virtual meter has been pre- 4.2. The “Settings” section
pared to operate with several signal types, both simu-
lated and real (Fig. 2). The panel of the SETTINGS section is shown in
Fig. 3. That section is used for a proper configuration
of the measurement session i.e.:
• Setting the proper time weighting (Fast, Slow, Im-
pulse),
• Selection of the measured and read-in parame-
Fig. 2. SIGNAL section. ters of the measured quantity (momentary effec-
tive value SPL, peak-value sound level, equivalent
The list of signal types that can be analyzed by the sound level),
virtual meter looks as follows: • Activation of the proper frequency weighting (A,
• sinusoidal signal, C, LIN/Z),
• sinusoidal + pseudorandom signal (Gaussian noise • Selection of the averaging type (Linear, Exponen-
distribution), tial),
R. Barański, G. Wszołek – Educational Implementation of a Sound Level Meter. . . 23
• Calibration of the device using a reference sound above is quite sufficient. The calibration procedure it-
source (acoustic calibrator), self is intended to develop in students the habits of
• Selection of the frequency bandwidth for spectral professional measuring personnel – the awareness of
analysis. performing the device calibration before and after mea-
surements.
Fig. 5. Windows of the SPECTRA section for FFT and Octave tabs.
Fig. 7. Average frequency responses (typical characteristics) for MM10 and Digitus microphones,
determined in free field conditions, for wave incidence angle 0◦ .
tion to the measurement system (the soundcard). How- still do not possess the necessary skills in operating the
ever, the results of the study seem to be satisfactory sound level meter at a competence level necessary for
and there are no objective arguments precluding such carrying out sound measurements (both routine and
low-end microphones from being used in education- more specialized ones) and proper interpretation of the
dedicated laboratory setups. results.
Application of the LVSLM EDU v1 virtual sound
level meter with the implemented additional measure-
6. Conclusions
ment functions will allow a wider number of students to
The present work is a continuation of the study pre- have an individual contact with the measuring device
sented on 15th International Conference Noise Control starting from the first introducing laboratory class.
2010. It describes the effects of adaptation of a special- The educational scope of the described application cov-
ized software developed in the LabVIEW environment ers the necessary knowledge in the field of acoustic
for educational applications. The presented computer- metrology. Understanding and internalization of the
based measurement setup is intended to offer the stu- concepts, practical knowledge of the device settings
dents a thorough and more detailed understanding of and its calibration will definitely have positive effects
the problems related to acoustic signal measurements during the following classes and performing of specific
using sound level meters and frequency band analysis sound measurement (e.g. in external environment, on
(1/1 and 1/3 octave filters), as well as the narrow-band a specific working post, determination of the acous-
Fourier analysis (FFT). tic power of devices etc.). The laboratory classes can
The concept of elaboration of such a virtual mea- be organized using standard PC computers available
surement setup has been born during the teaching ac- in the computer rooms used for teaching information
tivities in the Chair of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, technology.
namely, during the laboratory classes with students The proposed software is dedicated purely to ed-
with strongly varying levels of theoretical knowledge in ucational purposes. The important part is to inform
the field of metrology and acoustics. Most frequently, the users that the software cannot replace any profes-
the knowledge concerning the acoustic metrology is not sional measuring devices in the same way as profes-
sufficient for its correct implementation in practice. sional measuring devices cannot be replaced by low-
The flaws in proper understanding of the basic con- cost, non-professional devices for sound measurements
cepts and errors in a practical configuration of a sound that do not conform to the requirements of the respec-
level meter (setting the time constants and meter cal- tive legal acts and standard regulations.
ibration) result in errors during execution of measure-
ment and further interpretation of the results. Acknowledgment
During the laboratory activities the actual number
of students taking an active part in the measurement is The research has been realized under AGH-UST
limited because of the small number of available mea- Statutory Research contract nr 11.11.130.885 in year
suring devices, while the number of people in the lab- 2011. The work is an extended version of the paper
oratory groups is growing. In consequence, after com- delivered at the 58th Open Seminar on Acoustics, 13–
pleting the laboratory class, the majority of students 16 September 2011, Gdańsk-Jurata.
26 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 38, Number 1, 2013