Defined CT ratio 400

VT ratio 1200

Zone 1 settings [ Ibase 2000, Vbase 138 ], Z1 time 0 sec Z to secondary in Ω

Cartesian Polar Z ϴ
R1 + jX1 0.19+1.23i Ω/phase 1.244588 81.21884 0.414863
R0 + jX0 0.62+1.8i Ω/phase 1.903786 70.99402 0.634595
saved the formula:
RFPP 2.45 Ω/loop 0.816667
RFPG 3.33 Ω/loop 1.11
(shown by F6test) KNL = 0.191∠-28.25

Zone 2 settings [ Ibase 2000, Vbase 138 ], Z1 time 0.5 sec

Cartesian Polar Z ϴ
R1 + jX1 0.58+3.76i Ω/phase 3.804471 81.23094 1.268157
R0 + jX0 1.57+4.6i Ω/phase 4.860545 71.155 1.620182

RFPP 7.53 Ω/loop 2.51

RFPG 13.77 Ω/loop 4.59

Zone 3 settings [ Ibase 2000, Vbase 138 ], Z1 time 1.0 sec

Cartesian Polar Z ϴ
R1 + jX1 1.91+12.33i Ω/phase 12.47706 81.19449 4.15902
R0 + jX0 11.82+34.52i Ω/phase 36.48757 71.09827 12.16252

RFPP 24.66 Ω/loop 8.22

RFPG 39.46 Ω/loop 13.15333
 KNL = (Z0-Z1)/(3Z1) definition
KNL computed: Polar ϴ
saved the formula: 0.168452765224876-0.0905 0.191229 -28.2492

from video:
Zg = Z1(1+KNL) with residual 3Io compensation
ground reach

Z1 = test impedance during shots

For ABB relays:

Zsec = CTr/VTr *Zpri
 Rectangular to Polar conversion

Rectangular value to Magnitude Angle

1.23+0.65j 1.391 27.854 Kr = 1.23, Kx = 0.65
0.61+4.74j 4.779 82.667 R line, X line positive seq
2.86+13.94j 14.230 78.406 line zero sequence
phi1 reach 83.000
phi0 reach 78.000

Polar to Rectangular coversion

MagnitudeAngle to Rectangular
1.391187 27.854 1.23+0.65j

Other R + jX to Z (ϴ) conversions

ph-ph 12+3.59j 12.525 16.655
17.68+6.17j 18.726 19.238
18.66+9.49j 20.935 26.957

ph-E 12+3.84j 12.599 17.745

17.68+6.17j 18.726 19.238
18.66+9.49j 20.935 26.957
 Rectangular to Polar conversion

Rectangular value to Magnitude Angle

0.089+0.476j 0.484248903 79.409417805

Polar to Rectangular coversion

MagnitudeAngle to Rectangular
0.484249 79.40942 0.089+0.476j

Settings / Example from Optimho Manual (Page 90 Optimho manual)

Line data
line length km: 100
ohms/km angle
Z1 = 0.089+0.476j 0.484 79.409
Z0 = 0.426+1.576j 1.633 74.874
Z0/Z1 = 3.36076794159414-0.2 3.371 -4.535

CT ratio 1200 5
VT ratio 230000 115

Zone 1 settings:
ratio of secondary to primary impedance
Z2/ 115/ * 1200/ = 0.12
Z1 230000 5

@80% of zone1, in secondary terms is Z ohm sec <>

= 0.8x100x 0.484<79.4> * 0.12= 4.648789 79.409

Relay zone1 reach (Optimo)

= KZ1 x KZPh x 5 / In

As KZPh is from 0.04 to 1.0 select KZPh = 1.0 (maximum sensitivity)

KZ1 is from 1.0 to 49.98 in steps of 0.02
Zone 1 multiplier setting KZ1=
= Required Z1 reach x(In) = 4.648789 x5
KZPh x 5 5.00

KZ1 = 4.65
Relay Characteristic Angle THETA Ph settings 50° to 85° in 5° steps

THETA Ph = 80° ( nearest)

Actual Zone 1 reach settings = 4.65 <80>

Zone 2 reach settings:

Required settings: line impedance + 50% next line
ohms/km angle
= (100+30) x 0.484<79.2°> x 0.12 = 7.554 79.409
Relay Zone 2 reach = KZ2 x KZPh x 5/I n
KZ2 is from 1.0 to 49.98 in steps of 0.02
= Required Z2 reach x(In) = 7.554 x5
KZPh x 5 5.00

KZ2 = 7.554
Actual Zone 2 reach setting = 7.56 <80°> Ω secondary

Zone 3 reach settings:

Required Zone 3 forward impedance =
(Line1 + Line 2) *1.2
= (100+60) x 1.2 x 0.484 <79.4°> x 0.12
= 11.16 79.41 angle

Relay Zone 3 forward reach = KZ3 x KZPh x 5/I n

KZ3 setting 1.0 to 49.98 in steps of 0.02

Required Zone 3 forward reach setting multiplier KZ3

KZ3 = Required Zone 3 forward reach

KZPh x 5/I n

KZ3 = 11.16

Actual Zone 3 forward reach setting

= 11.14 <80°> Ω secondary

Required Zone 3 reverse reach impedance = Typically 10% Zone 1 reach

= 0.1 x 4.64 <79.4°>

= 0.464 <79.4°>

KZ3' settings 0.2 to 49.9 in steps of 0.1

= Required Zone 3 reverse reach
KZPh x 5/I n
 = 0.46
Therefore, select KZ3' = 0.5
Actual Zone 3 reverse reach setting = 0.5 <80°> Ω secondary

Z L0 - Z L1 = -0.337-1.1j

Attenuation factors
KN 0.786922647198046-0.0888597011191322j Zone 1 = KZ1. KZPh.5/ I n for o
KN = 0.79 -6.44 angle Zone 1 = KZ1. KZPh. 5/2 I n for
KZPh = The relay coarse reach

KZn = KN * KZPh = KN * 1 <80°> 1 80

0.17364817766693+0.984807753012208j
KZPh = 0.17364817766693+0.984807753012208j

KZn 0.224157406243246+0.759537198814161j

KZn = 0.79 73.56

KZN settings 0 to 1.36 in steps of 0.001

Therefore, select KZN = 0.79 and THETA N = 75°
Attenuation factors
Zone 1 = KZ1. KZPh.5/ I n for overhead line models.
Zone 1 = KZ1. KZPh. 5/2 I n for underground cable models
KZPh = The relay coarse reach

<>
4807753012208j
4807753012208j
From settings (see pics)

Tripping 3phase seconds

Z2 time 0.3
Z3 time 1.5
Z1 and Z2 settings
Base settings
KZPh 1 KZ1 2.46
Theta Ph 65 degrees KZ1X 2.46
KZN 0.545 KZ1Y 2.46
Theta N 80 degrees KZ2 4.92

Z3 setting - Offset
KZ3' 0.2
KZ3 6.56
LENT a/b 1

From front panel:

Z1 = KZ1 * KZPh * 5 / In Z1= 12.3
Z1X = KZ1X * KZPh * 5 / In Z1x= 12.3
Z1Y = KZ1Y * KZPh * 5 / In Z1y= 12.3
Z2 = KZ2 * KZPh * 5 / In Z2= 24.6
Z3 = KZ3 * KZPh * 5 / In Z3= 32.8
Z3' = KZ3' * KZPh * 5 / In Z3'= 1