Swarnandhra College of Engineering & Technology

(Autonomous)
Seetharampuram, NARSAPUR, W.G. Dt., 534 280.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: B.Tech Mechanical Engineering
COURSE: HEAT TRANSFER Semester : VI CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: BTME6T02 COURSE TYPE (CORE /ELECTIVE / BREADTH/ S&H): CORE
REGULATION: R14
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: THERMAL PERIODS: 5 Per Week.

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
BTME3T02 Thermodynamics Knowledge of Thermodynamic laws and relations are required III
BTME3T01 Fluid mechanics Knowledge of Fluid Properties, flow phenomena and Boundary layer concepts III
BTMA1T01 Differential An ability to solve ordinary and partial differential equations I
Equations

COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO Course Outcome Statement
CO1 Define and explain the basic concepts regarding different modes of Heat transfer [K1 and K2]

Analyze conduction mode of heat transfer and demonstrate its applicability in one dimensional
CO2
mode [K4 and K3].
Summarize convection mode of heat transfer and apply it for different real life systems [K2 and
CO3 K3].

CO4 Illustrate radiation mode of heat transfer with the help of governing laws [K4].
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS
INTRODUCTION: Modes and mechanisms of heat transfer – Basic laws of heat transfer,
applications of heat transfer
I CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER: General heat conduction equation in Cartesian,
Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates. Steady, unsteady and periodic heat transfer - Initial and
boundary conditions.
ONE DIMENSIONAL STEADY STATE CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER:
Homogeneous slabs, hollow cylinders and spheres – overall heat transfer coefficient – electrical
analogy – Critical radius of insulation. Systems with Heat generation. Extended surface (fins)
II Heat Transfer – Long Fin, Fin with insulated tip and Short Fin.
ONE DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER: Systems with
negligible internal resistance – Significance of Biot and Fourier Numbers - Chart solutions of
transient conduction systems.
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER: Classification of convective heat transfer – dimensional
analysis – Buckingham Pi Theorem for forced and free convection, Significance of non-
dimensional numbers ~ concepts of continuity, momentum and Energy Equations.
FORCED CONVECTION: EXTERNAL FLOWS: Concepts about hydrodynamic and
III thermal boundary layer and use of empirical correlations for convective heat transfer -Flat plates
and Cylinders. INTERNAL FLOWS: Concepts about Hydrodynamic and Thermal Entry
Lengths - Use of empirical relations for Horizontal Pipe Flow and annulus flow.
FREE CONVECTION: Development of Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer along a
vertical plate – Use of empirical relations for Vertical plates and pipes.
IV HEAT TRANSFER WITH PHASE CHANGE:
BOILING: – Pool boiling – Regimes, Calculations on Nucleate boiling, Critical Heat flux and
Film boiling. CONDENSATION: Film wise and drop wise condensation - Film condensation
 on vertical and horizontal cylinders using empirical correlations.
HEAT EXCHANGERS: Classification of heat exchangers – overall heat transfer Coefficient
V and fouling factor – Concepts of LMTD and NTU methods- Problems using LMTD and NTU
methods.
RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER: Emission characteristics and laws of black-body radiation –
Irradiation– laws of Planck, Wien, Kirchoff, Lambert, Stefan and Boltzmann– heat exchange
VI
between two black bodies – concepts of shape factor – Emissivity – heat exchange between grey
bodies, radiation shields.

TEXT BOOKS
T BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLISHER
T1 Fundamentals of Engineering Heat and Mass Transfer - R.C.Sachdeva / New Age International.
T2 Heat Transfer – P.K.Nag/ TMH.
T3 Heat Transfer – S.P.Sukhatme/ University Press.
REFERENCE BOOKS
R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLISHER
R1 Heat Transfer / HOLMAN/TMH
R2 Heat and Mass Transfer –Cengel / McGraw Hill.
R3 F Heat and Mass Transfer – R.K. Rajput / S.Chand& Company Ltd.
R4 Heat and Mass Transfer – D.S.Kumar / S.K.Kataria& Sons.
R5 Heat Transfer –Ramakrishna & P.C. Sharma / New Age Publications.
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS:
SNO DESCRIPTION Associated PO & PSO
1 Heat Pipe Technology PO5, PSO2
2 Introduction to Mass transfer PO1,PO3, PSO3
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 Student Resources provided in SCET Mechanical website: http://www.swarnandhra.ac.in/student-resources
Link to heat Transfer: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bw9aHO9qmpbQdXl1SDdxR2tnWFU
2 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112101097/ Heat and Mass Transfer-Prof.S.P.Sukhatme&Prof.U.N.Gaitonde-IITB
3 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112106155/ Conduction and Radiation -Prof.C.Balaji-IITM
4 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112101002/ Convective Heat and Mass Transfer -Prof.A.W.Date-IITB
5 http://nptel.ac.in/112108149/ Heat and Mass Transfer(Web)- Prof. Pradip Dutta-IISc Bangalore
6 http://heattransfer.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org
7 www.vlab.co.in : Virtual Labs

DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

☐Chalk & Talk ☐ PPT ☐Active Learning

☐Web Resources ☐ Students Seminars ☐Case Study
☐Blended Learning ☐ Quiz ☐Tutorials
☐Project based learning ☐NPTEL/MOOCS ☐ Simulation
☐Flipped Learning ☐Industrial Visit ☐Model Demonstration
☐Brain storming ☐Role Play ☐Virtual Labs

MAPPING CO’S WITH PO’S

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

CO1 3 3 1 1 - - - - - - - 2 - 3

CO2 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 - 3

CO3 3 3 2 2 1 - - - - - - 2 - 3
CO4 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 - 3

Average 3.00 3.00 1.75 1.75 1.00 - - - - - - 2.00 - 3.00

MAPPING COURSE WITH POs & PSOs

Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

CO 3.00 3.00 1.75 1.75 1.00 - - - - - - 2.00 - 3.00

COURSE OUTCOME RUBRIC (ASSESMENT PER STUDENT):

ASSESMENT ATTAINMENT ATTAINMENT ATTAINMENT ATTAINMENT
TOOL WITH METHOD LEVEL 3 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 1 LEVEL 0
WEIGHTAGE (EXCELLENT) (GOOD) (AVERAGE) (POOR)

Student secured ≥ Student secured Student secured Student secured

Internal tests 60% marks of ≥ 60% and < 50% ≥ 50% and <40% < 40% marks of
Direct
(40%) allocated marks for marks of allocated marks of allocated allocated marks
that CO marks for that CO marks for that CO for that CO
Student secured Student secured Student secured Student secured
Assignments ≥ 80% marks ≥ 70% and <80% ≥ 60% and <70% < 60% of marks
Direct
(20%) allocated for that marks allocated marks allocated allocated for that
CO for that CO for that CO CO
End Semester Student secured Student secured Student secured Student secured
Examination Direct grades A*&S* in grades C*&B* in grades D*&E* in grades F* in
(30%) External Exam External Exam External Exam External Exam

Course end Student selected Student selected Student selected Student selected
Indirect
Survey (10%) option option option option

* Grade Definition: S: >= 90%; A: 80%-89%; B: 70%-79%; C: 60%-69%; D: 50%-59%; E: 40%-49%; F: <40%

Course Coordinator Module Coordinator Head of the Department

ANNEXURE I:
(A) PROGRAM OUTCOMES(POs) Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components
or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5.Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools
including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal
and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in
multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with
society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management
principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long
learning in the broadest context of technological change.

(B) PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs) :

1. Design, model, simulate and analyze various mechanical systems or processes.
2. Obtain additional skills and knowledge to develop and implement thermal engineering systems

Cognitive levels as per Revised Blooms Taxonomy:

LEVEL Key words

Cognitive
Domain
Remember K1 Defines, describes, identifies, knows, labels, lists, matches, names, outlines,
recalls, recognizes, reproduces, selects, states.
Understand K2 Comprehends, converts, defends, distinguishes, estimates, explains,
extends, generalizes, gives an example, infers, interprets, paraphrases,
predicts, rewrites, summarizes, translates.
Apply K3 Applies, changes, computes, constructs, demonstrates, discovers,
manipulates, modifies, operates, predicts, prepares, produces, relates,
shows, solves, uses.
Analyse K4 Analyzes, breaks down, compares, contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs,
differentiates, discriminates, distinguishes, identifies, illustrates, infers,
outlines, relates, selects, separates.
Evaluate K5 Appraises, compares, concludes, contrasts, criticizes, critiques, defends,
describes, discriminates, evaluates, explains, interprets, justifies, relates,
summarizes, supports
Create K6 Categorizes, combines, compiles, composes, creates, devises, designs,
explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans, rearranges, reconstructs,
relates, reorganizes, revises, rewrites, summarizes, tells, write

Unit wise Sample assessment questions

COURSE OUTCOMES: Students are able to

CO1: Define and explain the basic concepts regarding different modes of Heat transfer [K1 & K2].
CO2: Analyze conduction mode of heat transfer and demonstrate its applicability in one dimensional mode
[K4 & K3].
CO3: Summarize convection mode of heat transfer and apply it for different real life systems [K2 & K3].
CO4: Illustrate radiation mode of heat transfer with the help of governing laws [K4].
KNOWLEDGE
S NO QUESTION CO
LEVEL

UNIT I
Explain three different modes of heat transfer and its mechanisms along with its
1 K2 CO1
governing equations

Derive starting from fundamentals, general conduction equation in Cartesian co-

2 ordinates and deduce it to one dimensional steady state condition with no internal heat K2 CO1
generation

A cubical tank of water of volume 1m3 is kept at a steady state temperature of 650C by
3 a 1KW heater is switched off. How long does the tank to cool to 500C if the room K2 CO1
temperature is 150C.

UNIT 2

An exterior wall of a house may be approximated by a 100 mm layer of

common brick (k = 0.7 W/mK) followed by 50 mm of gypsum plaster (k =
1 0.48 W/mK). What thickness of loosely packed rock-wool insulation (k = K3 CO2
0.065 W/mK) should be added to reduce the heat loss (or gain) through the wall
by 80 percent.

Consider two long, slender rods of the same diameter but different materials.
One end of each rod is attached to a base surface maintained at 100o C, while
the surfaces of the rods are exposed to ambient air at 20o C. By traversing the
2 length of each rod with a thermocouple, it was observed that the temperature of K3 CO2
the rods were equal at the positions XA = 0.15 m and XB = 0.075 m, where x is
measured from the base surface. If the thermal conductivity of rod A is known
to be KA = 70 W/mK, determine the value of KB for rod B.

3 Derive a relation for the critical radius of insulation for a sphere. K3 CO2

Steel balls 12 mm diameter are annealed by heating to 1150 K and then slowly
cooling to 400 K in an air environment for which T ∞ =325 K and h = 20 W/m
4 2 K. Assuming the properties of the steel to be k = 40 W/mK, and C = 600 K4 CO2
J/kg K, estimate the time required for the cooling process? Analyze the results
by changing heat transfer coefficient to 15 W/m2 K and 25 W/m2 K.

UNIT 3
Bring out the essential differences between forced convection and free convection
1 heat transfer. Give various examples of forced and free convective heat transfer in K2 CO3
industry.

2 Air at 200C and at a pressure of 1 bar is flowing over a flat plate at a velocity of 3 m/s. K3 CO3
if the plate is 280mm wide and at 560C, calculate the following quantities at
X=280mm. (a)Boundary layer thickness (b)Local friction coefficient (c) Average
friction coefficient,(D) Shear stress due to friction, (e)Thickness thermal
boundary layer(f) Local convective heat transfer coefficient, (g) Average
convective heat transfer coefficient, (h) rate of heat transfer by convection, (i)
 Total drag force on the plate and (J) Total mass flow rate through the boundary.

Describe the functional form of equation generally used for correlation for free
convection heat transfer data. (or) Sketch the temperature and velocity profiles in free
3 convection on a vertical wall and also derive the expression for heat transfer
K2 CO3
coefficient in terms of dimensionless parameters.

UNIT 4

1 Explain the Boiling Heat transfer Phenomena , its types and applications. K2 CO3
show the various regimes in Pool Boiling and discuss the heat transfer mechanisms in
2 K2 CO3
each region indetatil.

An electrically heated Cu spherical heating element of dia 15 cm is immersed in water

at atmospheric pressure and saturation temperature. The surface temperature of the
3 element is maintained at 1150C. Calculate (a)Surface heat flux (b) Rate of evaporation
K3 CO3
(c) Peak heat flux.

UNIT 5

1 Derive the expression for LMTD in Counter flow heat exchanger K3 CO3
In a double pipe heat exchanger oil flows through the annulus with a convective heat
transfer coefficient of 1500 W/m2K which is heated by using hot water flowing
through the Cu tube (K=300W/mK) of inside diameter 2cm and outer diameter 2.54
cm having convective heat transfer coefficient of 2500 W/m2K. The fouling factor on
2 water side is 0.0004 m2 0C/W and the fouling factor on oil side is 0.0009 m2 0C/W. (a)
K3 CO3
Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient based on outside area per meter length.
(b) Also find the overall heat transfer coefficient neglecting fouling resistances on both
sides.

In a heat exchanger hot fluid enters at 1800C and leaves at 1180C. The cold fluid enters
at 990C and leaves at 1190C. Find the LMTD and Effectiveness in the following cases.
3 (a) Counter flow (b) One shell and multiple tube passes (c) Two shell pass and multiple K3 CO3
tube passes, (d) Cross flow both fluids unmixed (e) Cross flow the cold fluid unmixed,
Also find the NTU values.

UNIT 6

1 Differentiate Specular reflection and diffuse reflection. K4 CO4

After sunset, radiant energy can be sensed by a person standing near the brick wall.
Such walls have surface temperatures around 320 K and typical brick emissivity value
2 K3 CO4
are of order of 0.92. Make calculation for the radiant thermal flux per square meter
from a brick wall at this temperature.

Two large parallel planes at 800 K and 600 K have emissivities of 0.5 and 0.8
respectively. A radiation shield having an emissivity of 0.1 on one side and an
3 emissivity of 0.05 on the other side is placed between the plates. Calculate the K4 CO4
heat transfer rate by radiation per square meter with and without radiation
shield. Also find the reduction in heat transfer. Analyze the results.

Model Question Paper

Code: BTME6T02 R14
SWARNANDHRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
[AUTONOMOUS]
Seetharampuram, NARSAPUR-534 280
 B. Tech VI Semester Regular Examinations
HEAT TRANSFER
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
[OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION PATTERN]
Time: 3 Hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answering the question in Part-A is compulsory
3. Answer any THREE Questions from Part-B
Execution Plan

Sl. No Activities Time (Minutes)

1 To study the Question Paper and choose to attempt 5
2 Part-A 5 Minutes x 6 Questions 30
3 Part-B 45 Minutes x 3 Questions 135
4 Quick revision & Winding up 10
Total 180

PART–A (22 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions.

S No Question Cognitive CO Marks

Level
1 a Describe three modes of heat transfer with Examples. K2 1 4
b Explain the significance of Biot and Fourier number. K2 2 4
c Bring out the essential differences between forced convection and K3 3 3
free convection heat transfer along with their limitations.
d Distinguish dropwise condensation and film wise condensation K2 3 3
e Explain the Fouling effects in heat exchanger K2 3 4
f Differentiate Specular reflection and diffuse reflection. K4 4 4

PART–B (48 Marks)

Answer any THREE Questions
S. No Question Cognitive
CO Marks
Level
1 a Derive starting from fundamentals, general conduction equation in
Cartesian co-ordinates and deduce it to one dimensional steady state K2 1 10
condition with no internal heat generation.

b A cubical tank of water of volume 1m3 is kept at a steady state

temperature of 650C by a 1KW heater is switched off. How long does the K2 1 6
tank to cool to 500C if the room temperature is 150C.

2 a Derive a relation for the critical radius of insulation for a sphere. K2 2 6

b Steel balls 12 mm diameter are annealed by heating to 1150 K and

then slowly cooling to 400 K in an air environment for which T ∞
=325 K and h = 20 W/m 2 K. Assuming the properties of the steel
K4 2 10
to be k = 40 W/mK, and C = 600 J/kg K, estimate the time
required for the cooling process? Analyze the results by changing
heat transfer coefficient to 15 W/m2 K and 25 W/m2 K.
3 a Sketch the temperature and velocity profiles in free convection on a
vertical wall and also derive the expression for heat transfer coefficient in K3 3 8
terms of dimensionless parameters.

b Air at 200C and at a pressure of 1 bar is flowing over a flat plate at a

velocity of 3 m/s. if the plate is 280mm wide and at 560C, calculate the
following quantities at X=280mm. (a)Boundary layer thickness
(b)Local friction coefficient (c) Average friction coefficient,(D) Shear
stress due to friction, (e)Thickness thermal boundary layer(f) Local K3 3 8
convective heat transfer coefficient, (g) Average convective heat
transfer coefficient, (h) rate of heat transfer by convection, (i) Total
drag force on the plate and (J) Total mass flow rate through the
boundary.

4 a show the various regimes in Pool Boiling and discuss the heat transfer
K2 3 8
mechanisms in each region indetatil.

b An electrically heated Cu spherical heating element of dia 15 cm is

immersed in water at atmospheric pressure and saturation temperature.
K3 3 8
The surface temperature of the element is maintained at 1150C. Calculate
(a)Surface heat flux (b) Rate of evaporation (c) Peak heat flux.

5 a Derive the expression for LMTD in Counter flow heat exchanger. K3 3 8

b In a double pipe heat exchanger oil flows through the annulus with a
convective heat transfer coefficient of 1500 W/m2K which is heated by
using hot water flowing through the Cu tube (K=300W/mK) of inside
diameter 2cm and outer diameter 2.54 cm having convective heat transfer
coefficient of 2500 W/m2K. The fouling factor on water side is 0.0004 m2 K3 3 8
0
C/W and the fouling factor on oil side is 0.0009 m2 0C/W. (a)
Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient based on outside area
per meter length. (b) Also find the overall heat transfer coefficient
neglecting fouling resistances on both sides.

6 a Enumerate Some Salient features of thermal radiation. What position

does thermal radiation occupy in the electro magnetic spectrum? What K3 4 6
limits this band width on the short and long wavelength sides?

b Two large parallel planes at 800 K and 600 K have emissivities of

0.5 and 0.8 respectively. A radiation shield having an emissivity of
0.1 on one side and an emissivity of 0.05 on the other side is placed
between the plates. Calculate the heat transfer rate by radiation K4 4 10
per square meter with and without radiation shield. Also find the
reduction in heat transfer. Analyze the results and made a
reasonable comment.