A PROJECT REPORT

ON

“SEA OIL SEPRETOR”

SUBMITTED BY

AbhishekGhanekar

Omkar lahane

Pankaj gudekar

Pratik khopkar

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Mrs. Kirti S. Agashe

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

VPM’s POLYTECHNIC
CHENDANI BUNDER ROAD, THANE (400601)

2017-18
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere thanks to the head of industrial electronics department Mrs Kirti
S. Agashe and project guide Mrs Kirti S. Agashe for the expert guidance and
continuous encouragement which enable us to complete our work successfully in time.

We express our sincere appreciation to the whole teaching and non-teaching staff of
Industrial Electronics ,for the whole-hearted support and cooperation which was great help
for the successful completion of the project.

We are thanks to our respected principal Prof D. K.NAYAK the management of

V.P.M`S Polytechnic for encouraging us and providing us with good facility of well-
equipped laboratories which was a key of the success of our project.

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PREFACE
We take an opportunity to present this project report on “SEA OIL SEPRETOR” put
before readers some useful information regarding our project.

We have met sincere attempt and taken every care to present this matter in precise and
compact form, the language being as simple as possible.

We are sure that the information contained in this volume would certainly prove useful for
better insight in the scope and dimension of this project in its true perspective.

The complete involvement and dedication of our group member has made the project
completion task simple enjoyable and successful too.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ III
2 PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................... IV
3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... V
4 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... VI
5 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2
6 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND OPERATION ...................................................................................... 5
6.1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
7 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM .................................................................................................................... 9
8 PCB DESIGN ............................................................................................................................... 13
9 SOFTWARE ................................................................................................................................. 15
9.1 Algorithm of Program ........................................................................................................... 15
9.2 Flowchart .............................................................................................................................. 19
9.3 Program ................................................................................................................................. 20
9.4 Another program .................................................................................................................. 24
10 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 29
10.1 Advantages............................................................................................................................ 29
10.2 Limitations ............................................................................................................................ 30
10.3 Applications .......................................................................................................................... 30
10.4 Future Scope ......................................................................................................................... 31
11 COMPONENT LIST ................................................................................................................ 35
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 37
13 APPENDIX I: DATASHEETS................................................................................................. 39
14 Extended Format ....................................................................................................................... 47

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Figure caption Error! Bookmark not defined.

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CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION

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1 INTRODUCTION

The engineer is constantly confronted with the challenges of bringing ideas and
design into reality. New machines and techniques are being developed continuously
to manufacture various products at cheaper rates and high quality. Taking into
account the above contribution we have tried to manufacture such equipment, which
is the accessory of machine tool to have the treatment to the cutting fluid after having
used as a coolant. Because the coolant after having continuous use, gets mixed up
with the lubricating oil and its property gets changed. Hence it becomes necessary to
separate the oil from the mixture of the oil and the coolant.

Oil pollution occurs in harbour basins when leaks from shore facilities for the supply
of diesel fuel to fishing vessels find their way into the harbour water; when vessels
pump out oily bilge water in port; when used engine oil is dumped overboard and
when an accident results in leakage of fuel oil. A fishery harbour which is contiguous
with the main harbour also faces the risk of major oil spills if the main port is a
transfer point for crude oil or refined products from oil tankers.

To mitigate oil pollution, the fishery harbour manager should take necessary action to:

Provide shore-based reception facilities for oily wastes (bilge water and spent oil)
from vessels and

Minimise leaks while bunkering.

In addition, he should be prepared to assist those responsible for containment and

clean-up operations if a major oil spill occurs in the vicinity. Appropriate oil recovery
tools like skimmers will prove useful in removing spilt oil from the harbour basin.

An oil water separator (OWS) is a piece of equipment used to separate oil

and water mixtures into their separate components. There are many
different types of oil-water separator. Each has different oil separation
capability and are used in different industries. Oil water separators are
designed and selected after consideration of oil separation performance
parameters and life cycle cost considerations. "Oil" can be taken to mean
mineral, vegetable and animal oils, and the many different hydrocarbons.

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Oil water separators can be designed to treat a variety of contaminants in

water including free floating oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil and
suspended solids. Not all oil separator types are capable of separating all
contaminants. The most common performance parameters considered are:

• Oil droplet size (in the feed to the separator)

• Oil density

• Water viscosity (temperature)

• Discharge water quality desired

• Feed oil concentration and the range of oil concentrations likely

• Feed oil water flow (daily and peak hourly)

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CHAPTER
2
BLOCK DIAGRAM

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2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND OPERATION

2.1

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AURDINO
WOODEN BLUETOOT
PLANK H

9V BATTERY

DC MOTOR
DC MOTOR

BREADBOARD STEEPER
MOTOR

OIL
OIL OIL
COLLECTER
COLLECT
BOX COLLECT PLATE
PLATE
DISC

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Rotating discs are used to attract oil. The collected oil is scraped off and
the oil pumped to a collection tank. These units generally float on the
surface of the water but larger installations may use fixed units.

In this project all the parts or assembly is mounted on floating tube. The
motor is used to drive oil skimming disc which is practically deep in
water to make contact with oil in water.

The disc rotates and collects oil from water due to its skimming
properties. The solar panel is used to charge battery and ultimately run
motor and make system portable and wire free.

The rubber scraper is attached with disc and collect oil in storage
container.

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CHAPTER
3
Circuit Diagram

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3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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The ULx200xA devices are high-voltage, high-current Darlington transistor arrays. Each
consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that feature high-voltage outputs with common-
cathode clamp diodes for switching inductive loads.

The collector-current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500 mA. The Darlington pairs can
be paralleled for higher current capability. Applications include relay drivers, hammer
drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers (LED and gas discharge), line drivers, and logic buffers.
For 100-V (otherwise interchangeable) versions of the ULx2003A devices, see the SLRS023
data sheet for the SN75468 and SN75469 devices.

The ULN2002A device is designed specifically for use with 14-V to 25-V PMOS devices.
Each input of this device has a Zener diode and resistor in series to control the input current to
a safe limit. The ULx2003A devices have a 2.7-kΩ series base resistor for each Darlington
pair for operation directly with TTL or 5-V CMOS devices.

The ULx2004A devices have a 10.5-kΩ series base resistor to allow operation directly from
CMOS devices that use supply voltages of 6 V to 15 V. The required input current of the
ULx2004A device is below that of the ULx2003A devices, and the required voltage is less
than that required by the ULN2002A device.

Features

500-mA-Rated Collector Current (Single Output)

High-Voltage Outputs: 50 V

Output Clamp Diodes

Inputs Compatible With Various Types of Logic

Relay-Driver Applications

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CHAPTER
4
PCB DESIGN &MANUFACTURING

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4 PCB DESIGN

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CHAPTER
5
SOFTWARE DETAILS

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5 SOFTWARE

5.1 Algorithm of Program

ARDUINO

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company,

project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board
microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical
world. The project's products are distributed as open-source
hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser
General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public
License (GPL),[1] permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and
software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available
commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers.

The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O)
pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and
other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces,
including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also
used for loading programs from personal computers. The
microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features
from the programming languages C and C++. In addition to using
traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides

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an integrated development environment (IDE) based on

the Processing language project.

The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at

the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy,[2] aiming to provide a
low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices
that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common
examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include

simple robots, thermostats, and motion detectors.

Arduino is the world’s leading open-source hardware and software

ecosystem. The Company offers a range of software tools, hardware
platforms and documentation enabling almost anybody to be creative
with technology.

Arduino is a popular tool for IoT product development as well as one of

the most successful tools for STEM/STEAM education. Hundreds of
thousands of designers, engineers, students, developers and makers
around the world are using Arduino to innovate in music, games, toys,
smart homes, farming, autonomous vehicles, and more.

Originally started as a research project by Massimo Banzi, David

Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis at the
Interaction Design Institute of Ivrea in the early 2000s, it builds upon the

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Processing project, a language for learning how to code within the

context of the visual arts developed by Casey Reas and Ben Fry as well as
a thesis project by Hernando Barragan about the Wiring board.

The first Arduino board was introduced in 2005 to help design students
— who had no previous experience in electronics or microcontroller
programming — to create working prototypes connecting the physical
world to the digital world. Since then it has become the most popular
electronics prototyping tool used by engineers and even large
corporations.

Arduino is the first widespread Open Source Hardware project and was
set up to build a community that could help spread the use of the tool and
benefit from contributions from hundreds of people who helped debug the
code, write examples, create tutorials, supports other users on the forums
and build thousands of groups around the globe. We are eternally grateful
for being supported by such an amazing community.

Since the Arduino project’s foundation, many new development boards

and software libraries have been introduced, expanding the range of
possibilities available to the community. Today, more than a decade later,
Arduino continues to provide open source hardware and software to bring
new ideas to life.

The openness and ease-of-use of the project has led to mass adoption of
micro-controller based electronics projects and was a catalyst in the
creation of the Maker Movement. Arduino has become the number one
choice for electronics makers, especially for developing solutions for the
IoT marketplace, which has been predicted to become a $6 trillion market
by 2021.

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Want to get started? Let us know how we can help. In addition to our own
experts, Arduino has an ecosystem of millions of makers – and we’re
growing fast.

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5.2 Flowchart

Start

YES
Level BUZ
3 ZER

NO

YES
Level
2

NO

YES
Level
1

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5.3 Program
#define IN1 8

#define IN2 9

#define IN3 10

#define IN4 11

int Steps = 0;

boolean Direction = true;// gre

unsigned long last_time;

unsigned long currentMillis ;

int steps_left=4095;

long time;

void setup()

Serial.begin(115200);

pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);

// delay(1000);

void loop()

while(steps_left>0){

currentMillis = micros();

if(currentMillis-last_time>=1000){

stepper(1);

time=time+micros()-last_time;

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last_time=micros();

steps_left--;

Serial.println(time);

Serial.println("Wait...!");

delay(2000);

Direction=!Direction;

steps_left=4095;

void stepper(int xw){

for (int x=0;x<xw;x++){

switch(Steps){

case 0:

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);

break;

case 1:

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);

break;

case 2:

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

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digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

break;

case 3:

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

break;

case 4:

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

break;

case 5:

digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

break;

case 6:

digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

break;

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case 7:

digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);

break;

default:

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

break;

SetDirection();

void SetDirection(){

if(Direction==1){ Steps++;}

if(Direction==0){ Steps--; }

if(Steps>7){Steps=0;}

if(Steps<0){Steps=7; }

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5.4 Another program

int motor1Pin1 = 3; // pin 2 on L293D IC

int motor1Pin2 = 4; // pin 7 on L293D IC

int enable1Pin = 6; // pin 1 on L293D IC

int motor2Pin1 = 8; // pin 10 on L293D IC

int motor2Pin2 = 9; // pin 15 on L293D IC

int enable2Pin = 11; // pin 9 on L293D IC

int state;

int flag=0; //makes sure that the serial only prints once the state

intstateStop=0;

void setup() {

// sets the pins as outputs:

pinMode(motor1Pin1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(motor1Pin2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(enable1Pin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(motor2Pin1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(motor2Pin2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(enable2Pin, OUTPUT);

// sets enable1Pin and enable2Pin high so that motor can turn on:

digitalWrite(enable1Pin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(enable2Pin, HIGH);

// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {

//if some date is sent, reads it and saves in state

if(Serial.available() > 0){

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state = Serial.read();

flag=0;

// if the state is 'F' the DC motor will go forward

if (state == 'F') {

digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, HIGH);

if(flag == 0){

Serial.println("Go Forward!");

flag=1;

// if the state is 'R' the motor will turn left

else if (state == 'R') {

digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, LOW);

if(flag == 0){

Serial.println("Turn LEFT");

flag=1;

delay(1500);

state=3;

stateStop=1;

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// if the state is 'S' the motor will Stop

else if (state == 'S' || stateStop == 1) {

digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, LOW);

if(flag == 0){

Serial.println("STOP!");

flag=1;

stateStop=0;

// if the state is 'L' the motor will turn right

else if (state == 'L') {

digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, HIGH);

if(flag == 0){

Serial.println("Turn RIGHT");

flag=1;

delay(1500);

state=3;

stateStop=1;

// if the state is 'B' the motor will Reverse

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else if (state == 'B') {

digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, LOW);

if(flag == 0){

Serial.println("Reverse!");

flag=1;

//For debugging purpose

//Serial.println(state);

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CHAPTER
6
ADVANTAGES & APPLICATION

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6 Conclusion

6.1 Advantages
The Advantages of Water Level Controller:
A water level controller is a device that manages water levels on a variety of systems
such as water tanks, pumps and swimming pools. The basic function of a water level
controller is to regulate water flow and optimize system performance. These devices
have four main advantages.

Saves Power

Using a water level controller saves power. This is because water levels are controlled
automatically, which limits the amount of electricity used. As a result, less water and
power are used to regulate a water supply. In an age where energy conservation is of
utmost importance, using one of these devices is very beneficial.

Saves Money

Since a water level controller conserves power, it saves money, as well. Basically,
water regulation is optimized through these devices, which means that wasted
electricity and wasted water is kept at a minimum. That saves a substantial amount of
money over time.

Works Automatically

Another big advantage is that these devices can work on their own. Thanks to timer
switches, there is no need to operate them manually. This means that the frustrations
involved with monitoring something like a water tank is minimized, and the water
levels will be where they should be.

Maximizes Water

Additionally, water usage can be maximized with a water level controller. Often,
water pumps get more use during the middle of the day. A water level controller is
helpful because it automatically provides more water during the middle of the day and
less water at night. As a result, water remains at its appropriate level at all times.

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6.2 Limitations
Disadvantages of Water Level Controls:
1 .Water level controls need to be replaced every 3 years.

2 .The rust, foul and deteriorate

3. Electronics are usually built seperately

4. More difficult installation

5 .Most float switches are outdated

6 .No LED indicator lights

7.No Warranty or Guarantee

6.3 Applications
Applications of oil sepretor:
Whenever water and oil are combined, it will have to be separated before it can be re-
used or discharged. Typical wastewater treatment applications for oil water separators
include:

1. Refineries

2. Utilities

3. Oil Terminals

4. Airports

5. Parking Lots

6. Tank Farms

7. Storm-water Runoff

8. Vehicle Maintenance Facilities

9. Bilge Water

10. Re.fueling Stations

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Applications of Water Level Indicator:

1 .The water level indicator is used in Hotels, Home apartments, commercial
complex, and in factories.

2. The pumps used in the water level indicator are single phase motor, submersible
motor, and in three phase motor.

3. By using the two motors, two sumps, two overhead tanks we cannot control by a
single circuit.

4. Automatically the pump will switch ON/OFF when the water level in the tank is
empty and full.

5 .We can also measure the fuel level in motor vehicles

6. The liquid level containers are huge in the companies

6.4 Future Scope

The future:
1. Looking ahead to the likely development of FO technology in desalination over the
next 10 years, there were mixed views amongst our experts.

2. “I truly believe,” asserted Matthew Claxton at Desalgae Water, “that the FO

membrane is the answer to some of the major problems in the desalination, water
reuse, and biofuel industry. As water scarcity, and contamination, continues to grow,
we will see the FO membrane really emerge as an energy efficient way to produce
potable drinking water.

3. “Within the next decade, we will see the technology take off in the market place as
more and more companies begin to integrate it into their water purification systems. It
will be able to not only decontaminate water for industrial countries, but it will also
greatly help Third World countries that do not have the resources to afford the
massive energy bill that comes with desalination plants.”

4. “Desalgae Water is a biofuel and water company dedicated to reinventing the

biofuel industry,” explained Mr Claxton, “and providing affordable clean drinking
water for all.” The company’s patent pending Desalgae system, invented by Jonathan
Trent and Claxton, uses micro-algae and membrane filtration to recycle contaminated
water effectively and produce sustainable biofuels.

5. “In my opinion,” Mr Altaee explained, “more pilot and some small to medium
scale FO plants will be commissioned especially for power generation by PRO and

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seawater softening. The latter process is mainly for the removal of scaling ions such
as sulphate, calcium and magnesium from seawater.”

6. Mr Hoek thought “there would be chipping away at smaller scale applications

particularly industrial wastewater treatment and water reuse applications.”

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CHAPTER
7
COMPONENT LIST

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7 COMPONENT LIST

SR.NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY PRICE

1 DC MOTOR 2 70

2 STEPPER MOTOR 1 100

3 ULN2003 MOTOR MODULE 1 160

4 ARDUINO BOARD 1 500

5 CONNECTING WIRES 30 90

6 BATTERY 1 20

7 RESISTORS(100OHM) 3 6

8 BUZZER 1 10

9 BLUETOOTH MODULE 1 400

10 FOAM PLATE 1 200

11 L293D 1 35

12

13

14

15

16

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CHAPTER
8
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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8 BIBLIOGRAPHY
High Performance Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signal Conditioning. (1995 - 2013 Analog
Devices, Inc). Retrieved August 20, 2012, from
http://www.analog.com/en/content/ta_high_performance_electrocardiogram_signal_cond/fca.
html

Mechanical ventilation. (2003, July(1)). Retrieved from Encyclopedia ofSurgery:

http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/La-Pa/Mechanical-Ventilation.html#b

Cardiovascular disease | . (2007). Australian Government National Health and Medical

Research Council.

MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT. (2010, September(5)). MECHANICAL

CIRCULATORY SUPPORT.

(2012). Anatomy of the Human Heart with Flash Illustrati. Texas Heart Institute.

Abhishek Joshi, S. R. (2011, March). EKG-Based Heart-Rate Monitor Implementation on the.

Electrochemical mechanism. (n.d.). Retrieved August 30, 2012, from Electrical conduction
system of the heart: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conduction_system_of_the_heart

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. (n.d.). Retrieved FEB 20, 2013, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation

LAB, S. (2005, December). C8051F120,Mixed Signal ISP Flash MCU Family.

Meredith A. Harrison1, A. (2013, FEB 8). Management of upper aerodigestive tract bleeding
on extracorporeal membrane oxygenatio. MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT,
4(2013).

ntra-aortic balloon pump. (n.d.). Retrieved FEB 20, 2013, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intra-aortic_balloon_pump

Sourabh Ravindran, S. D. (2009, September). Real-Time, Low-Complexity, Low-Memory

Solution to ECG-Based. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society .

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APPENDIX
I
DATASHEETS

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9 APPENDIX I: DATASHEETS

DATA SHEET

Servo Motor

Servo Motor: Servomotors are motors that incorporate encoders and are used with
controllers for providing feedback and closed-loop control. Specifically, servomotors
provide precise motion and position control, accommodating complex motion patterns
and profiles more readily than other types of motors. Often servomotors have better
bearings or higher tolerance designs than traditional DC motors. Some designs also
use higher voltages in order to achieve greater torque. Servomotors are commonly
used in robotics, automation, CNC machinery, and other applications requiring
versatility and a high level of precision. Low performance servomotors are also used
by hobbyists, but these devices typically have a simple controller built-in (whereas in
industrial servomotors, the controller is separate).

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Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno: Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be
used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to
get started.. You can tinker with your UNO without worring too much about
doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few
dollars and start over again.

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DC Motor

DC Motor : Centre Shaft Economy Series DC Motor is high quality low cost DC
geared motor. It has steel gears and pinions to ensure longer life and better wear and
tear properties. The gears are fixed on hardened steel spindles polished to a mirror
finish. The output shaft rotates in a plastic bushing. The whole assembly is covered
with a plastic ring. Gearbox is sealed and lubricated with lithium grease and require
no maintenance. The motor is screwed to the gear box from inside.
Although motoSTEEPER r gives 100 RPM at 12V but motor runs smoothly from 4V
to 12V and gives wide range of RPM, and torque. Tables below gives fairly good idea
of the motor’s performance in terms of RPM and no load current as a function of
voltage and stall torque, stall current as a function of voltage.

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9 Volt Battery

9 Volt Battery:The battery capacity will be better with lower drain currents. To
determine the battery life, divide the capacity by the actual load current to get the
hours of life. A circuit that draws 10 ma powered by a 9 volt rectangular battery will
operate about 50 hours: 500 mAh /10 mA = 50 hours The cell voltage of alkaline cells
steadily drops with usage from 1.54 volts to about 1 volt when discharged. The
voltage is near 1.25 volts at the 50% discharge point. Alkaline cells exhibit a slightly
increased capacity when warmed and the capacity drops significantly at temperatures
below freezing. Mercury and silver oxide batteries have nearly twice the capacity as
alkaline batteries of the same size but the current ratings are significantly lower.
Alkaline batteries also have good shelf life making them ideal for home-made
electronic projects. Rechargeable batteries have less capacity than primary cells as
shown in the following chart. This chart shows the capacity as a percentage of the
capacity of an alkaline battery with the same dimensions.

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Stepper Motor

A stepper motor or step motor or stepping motoris a brushless DC electric motor that
divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. The motors position can then be
commended to move and hold at one of these steps without any position sensor for
feed back(an open- loop controller ),as long as the motor is cartefully sized to the
application in respect to torque and speed.

Swithed reluctance motors are very large stepping motors with a reduced pole count
,and generally Are closed-loop commucated.

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ULN2003 Motor Module

The mini stepper driver is small size and easy to use. It used uln2003 to amplify the
control signal from the arudino. The driver voltage can up to 15V.

Features

The most easy module to learn how to control the stepper motor and finish the simple
project

The logic control voltage :3~5.5v

Motor supply voltage :5~15v

It can sink 500mA from a50v supply ,but you`d better limit the driver voltage
under15v.

Operating temperature :-25 degre celcius ~+90 degree celcius

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BLUETOOTH MODULE
HC‐05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)

module,designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup.The HC-05

Bluetooth Module can be used in a Master or Slave configuration, making it a great
solution for wireless communication.This serial port bluetooth module is fully
qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with
complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Bluecore 04‐External
single chip Rluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive
Frequency Hopping Feature).

Bluetooth Module HC-05

The Bluetooth module HC-05 is a MASTER/SLAVE module.By default the factory

setting is SLAVE.The Role of the module (Master or Slave) can be configured only
by AT COMMANDS.The slave modules cannot initiate a connection to another
Bluetooth device, but can accept connections.Master module can initiate a connection
to other devices.The user can use it simply for a serial port replacement to establish
connection between MCU and GPS, PC to your embedded project, etc.Just go through
the datasheet for more details File:Datasheet.pdf

Hardware Features

Typical ‐80dBm sensitivity.

Up to +4dBm RF transmit power.

3.3 to 5 V I/O.

PIO(Programmable Input/Output) control.

UART interface with programmable baud rate.

With integrated antenna.

With edge connector.

Slave default Baud rate: 9600, Data bits:8, Stop bit:1,Parity:No parity.

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L293D

L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive
on either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors
simultaneously in any direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a
single L293D ICThe l293d can drive small and quiet big motors as well, check the
Voltage Specification at the end of this page for more info. It works on the concept of
H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows the voltage to be flown in either
direction. As you know voltage need to change its direction for being able to rotate
the motor in clockwise or anticlockwise direction, Hence H-bridge IC are ideal for
driving a DC motor.

In a single L293D chip there are two h-Bridge circuit inside the IC which can rotate
two dc motor independently. Due its size it is very much used in robotic application
for controlling DC motors. Given below is the pin diagram of a L293D motor
controller.

There are two Enable pins on l293d. Pin 1 and pin 9, for being able to drive the motor,
the pin 1 and 9 need to be high. For driving the motor with left H-bridge you need to
enable pin 1 to high. And for right H-Bridge you need to make the pin 9 to high. If
anyone of the either pin1 or pin9 goes low then the motor in the corresponding section
will suspend working. It’s like a switch.

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10 Extended Format
Acknowledgement

Preface

Table of Contents

List of Figures

1. Introduction

1.1. Aims

1.2. Objectives

1.3. Scope

1.4. Report Structure

2. Background Research

3. Design Specification

4. The System

1. Introduction

2 Block Diagram

Block Diagram

Operation Diagram

3 Circuit Diagram

4 PCB Design

5 Software

Algorithm of Program

Flowchart

Program

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5. Testing

6. Results and Analysis

7. Conclusions

Advantages

Limitations

Applications

Future Scope

8 Component List

9 Bibliography

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