ASSESSMENT FORMAT FOR ARTICLE

Name : Putu Dian Utami Jelantik Date : June, 27th 2013

IDN : 1213031013 Signature :

Weight
No. Aspects/Indicators Score (S) WxS
(W) %
1. Articles’ structure 30
 Title 1 2 3 4
 Identity 1 2 3 4
 Abstract 1 2 3 4
 Introduction 1 2 3 4
 Materials and methods 1 2 3 4
 Results 1 2 3 4
 Discussion 1 2 3 4
 Conclusion 1 2 3 4
 References 1 2 3 4
2. Language 30
 Dictions 1 2 3 4
 Sentences 1 2 3 4
 Paragraph 1 2 3 4
 Communicative 1 2 3 4
3. Contents 40
 Concepts 1 2 3 4
 Chemical formula 1 2 3 4
 Chemical reactions 1 2 3 4
 Reaction equations 1 2 3 4
 Name of substances or 1 2 3 4
equipments
 Description or explanation 1 2 3 4
 Writing number/unit 1 2 3 4
TOTAL SCORE

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 THE EFFECT TEMPERATURE ON REACTION RATE
Putu Dian Utami Jelantik

Chemistry Education Department

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
E-mail: dian_utami38@yahoo.co.id

Abstract
Reaction rate is the speed of chemical reaction which the changing of the concentration
of a reactant or a product with time. There are several factor to affect the reaction rate. One of
them is temperature. Based on the collision theory, the increment temperature will raise the
kinetic energy of the reactant, that caused the particles move faster and more frequent collisions
between the particles with other particles to produce products and make the reaction rate in
higher temperature is faster than in lower temperature.
The objectives of this experiment is to examine the effect of temperature on reaction rate.
When 2 mL of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) 0.05 M and 1 mL of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) 1 M were poured
into different test tube, the color was colorless. After 5 drops of potassium permanganate
(KMnO4) 0.01 M were added into that solution, the color was changed from colorless into violet.
The first test tube was put in the beaker which the temperature was 50oC and the time
needed to complete reaction was 93 seconds. The second test tube was put in the test tube rack at
room temperature (27oC) and the time needed to complete the reaction was 217 seconds. The
color was changed from violet to colorless that indicates the reaction was completed. That is
means in higher temperature the reaction rate is faster rather than in lower temperature.

Keyword : reaction rate, collision theory, temperature, higher temperature, lower

temperature, faster.

Introduction
Chemical kinetic is concerned with the dynamics of chemical reaction, such as the way of
reaction take place and the rate of process. The speed of chemical reaction is called reaction rate
(Sandri Justiana and Muchtaridi, 2010). The rate of reaction for a given chemical change is the
speed with which the reactants disappear and the products form (Brady, 2012 : 637). The
reaction rate, which is the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with time (M/s)
(Raymond Chang, 2010 : 558). From the definition before, reaction rate can be decreasing the
concentration of reactant and increasing the concentration of product or vice versa given in a
period of time than in a slow reaction. It can be shown by the following graph:

The graph above shown that the decrease number of A molecules and the increase number of B
molecules with time. Thus, for the reaction A → B can express the rate as the equation below:

Reaction rate is influenced by several factors. There are four basic factors that can affect
the rate of chemical reaction, namely effect of surface area, temperature, concentration and
catalyst on the rate of reaction. (Raymond Chang, 2010)
Temperature is one factor can influence the rate of reaction. The reaction rate of a
chemical reaction can be accelerated by increasing the molecular kinetic. Based on the collision
theory, the increments of temperature will raise the kinetic energy of the reactant, that caused the
particles move faster and more frequent collisions between the particles with other particles and
from the collisions that occur only active collisions can produce products, because not all
collisions, even those correctly oriented, are energetic enough to result in products, and this is
the major reason that only a small percentage of all collisions actually lead to chemical change.
The colliding particles must carry into the collision a certain minimum combined molecular
kinetic energy, called the activation energy (Ea). In a successful collision, activation energy
changes over to potential energy as the particles hit each other and chemical bonds in the
reactants reorganize into those of the products. For most chemical reactions, the activation
energy is quite large, and only a small fraction of all well oriented, colliding molecules have it.
(Sandri Justiana and Muchtaridi, 2010) (Brady, 2012 : 666) (Raymond Chang, 2010).
 With the concept of activation energy, we can now explain why the rate of a reaction
increases with increasing temperature. The shaded areas under the curves that shown above
represent the sum of all those fractions of the total collisions that equal or exceed the activation
energy. This sum, we could call it the reacting fraction is greater at the higher temperature than
at the lower temperature because a significant fraction of the curve shifts beyond the activation
energy in even a modest change to a higher temperature. In other words, at the higher
temperature, more of the collisions occurring each second results in a chemical change, so the
reaction is faster at the higher temperature. (Brady, 2012 : 666)

Materials and Method

In this experiment, there are several equipments used, such as one heater, two test tube,
one thermometer 0°C until 100 °C, one test tube rack, three drop pipette, one graduated pipette 5
mL, one ball filler, 3 beaker glass 100 mL, one beaker glass 250 mL, one stopwatch, and two
graduated cylinder 100 mL. Moreover, there are several material used, such as 4 mL H2C2O4
0.05 M solution, 2 mL H2SO4 1 M solution, 10 drops KMnO4 0.01 M solution and 100 mL of hot
water 50 °C.
The method used to conduct this experiment there are, first step was prepared all of
materials and equipment that conduct in this experiment, when all materials and equipments
were prepared 10 mL solution of H2C2O4 0.05 M, 5 mL solution of H2SO4 1 M and 5 mL
solution of KMnO4 0.01 M were made and each solution was placed in the different erlenmeyer
flask. Third step, 2 mL H2C2O4 0.05 M solution was poured into the first and second test tube.
Forth step, 1 mL H2SO4 1 M solution was poured into the first and second test tube. And then
100 mL of water was heated until the temperature is 50° C. After that, the first test tube was put
into beaker and the second test tube was put in the test tube rack. Finally 5 drops of KMnO4 0.01
M solution was poured into the first test tube and the time needed until the violet color in that
solutions disappear was written. This step was done for the second test tube.
Results
The result of this experiment, when 2 mL H2C2O4 0.05 M solution and 1 mL H2SO4 1 M
solution were poured into first and second test tube, the color was colorless. After 5 drops of
KMnO4 0.01 M solution were added into that solution in the first and second test tube, the color
was changed from colorless into violet. The reaction of this experiment can be written as follow:
5H2C2O4(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2KMnO4(aq) → 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 10CO2 (g) + 8H2O(l)
The first test tube was put in the beaker which the temperature was 50 oC and the time
needed to complete reaction was 93 seconds. The second test tube was put in the test tube rack at
room temperature (27oC) and the time needed to complete the reaction was 217 seconds. The
color was changed from violet to colorless that indicates the reaction was completed.

Discussion
Temperature is one factor can influence the rate of reaction. The reaction rate of a
chemical reaction can be accelerated by increasing the molecular kinetic energy or decreasing
the activation energy. The activation energy is the minimum energy required for molecules that
certain chemical reactions can occur. The increments of temperature will raise the kinetic energy
of the reactant, that cause the particles move faster and more frequent collisions between the
particles with other particles to produce products. The more collisions that occur in chemical
reaction make the reaction rate is faster.
Therefore on the experiment, the higher temperature faster to change the color of solution
from violet to colorless, because the color was changed from violet to colorless that indicates the
reaction was completed. It can be proved from the experiment. When the first test tube is put in
the beaker which the temperature is 50oC, the time needed to complete reaction is 93 seconds.
The second test tube is put in the test tube rack in the room temperature (27oC) the time needed
to complete the reaction is 217 seconds.

Conclusion
From the experiment above it can be conclude, the higher temperature will increase the
collision that occur between the particles of reactant to produce products and make the reaction
rate will faster. Because, in the high temperature the products formed is faster than in the low
temperature.

References
Justiana, S., & Muchtaridi. (2010). Chemistry for Senior High School Year XI. Jakarta
Timur: Yudhistira.
Brady, J. E., Jespersen, N. D., & Hyslop, A. (2012). Chemistry the Molecular Nature of
Matter (Sixth Edition ed.). United State of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chang, R. (2010). Chemistry (Tenth Edition ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.