GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
Shri Sa’d Vidya Mandal
Institute of Technology

THE LOOP

-By Henil Modi

(140450119037), Ikram
Memon (140450119038)
& Ajay Jadav
(140450119039)
 GUJARAT
TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
Shri Sa’d Vidya Mandal Institute of
Technology
A Report On-
“THE LOOP”
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING – II (B)
B. E. III, Semester – VI
(Mechanical Branch)
Submitted by group A9:

Sr. No. Name Enrollment Number

1 Henil Modi 140450119037
2 Ikram Memon 140450119038
3 Ajay Jadav 140450119039
Prof. Alpesh Patel,
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
(Faculty Guide)

Prof. S. J. Thanki,
(Head of the department)
Academic year: (2016-2017)

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 Shri S’ad Vidya Mandal Institute of
Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Academic Year 2016-17

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “THE LOOP” has been prepared
by Henil Modi (140450119037), Ikram Memon (140450119038) & Ajay
Jadav (140450119039), in the subject of Design Engineering – 2B under
my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of bachelor of
engineering in mechanical engineering (6th semester) of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2016-17.

Date: / / 2017

Place: SVMIT, Bharuch

Project Guide Head of Mechanical Department

Prof. Alpesh Patel Prof. S.J. Thanki

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are feeling glad to present our report on “The Loop”. We have divided
the topic into various sub-topics, so that the topics can be arranged &
understood properly. The topics are arranged in proper sequence to
ensure smooth flow of the topic.

We are thankful & We would like to express our special thanks of

gratitude to our faculty guide who gave us golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic “The Loop” which also helped us in doing
a lot of research work & for his incredible support & encouragement that
he has extended.

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 INDEX
Sr. No. Title Page No.
1 Chapter 1 - Introduction To The Loop
1.1 Application Of The Loop 1
1.2 Advantages Of The Loop 1
1.3 System Of The Loop 1
AEIOU - Framework 2
Empathy Mapping 4
Ideation Canvas 5
Product Development Canvas 6
Summary Canvas 6
2 Chapter-2 Literature Review/Secondary
Research
Literature Analysis & Design Reviews 7
3 Chapter 3 - Design Considerations
3.1 Design For Performance, Safety & 8
Reliability
3.2 Design For Ergonomics & Aesthetics 8
3.3 Design For Manufacturability & 9
Assembly (DFMA)
3.4 Design For Cost & Design For 9
Environment
3.5 Design Criteria 10
4 Chapter 4 - Design Procedure & Calculations
4.1 Design Calculations 11
4.2 Parts Of The Loop 12
4.3 List Of Materials 13
5 Chapter 5 - Selection Of Materials, Method
Of Construction, Tools & Equipment
5.1 Selection Of Material 14
5.2 Method Of Construction, Tools & 14
Equipment
6 Chapter 6 - Future Scope
Future Scope & Recommendations 18
7 References 19
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 Chapter 1
Introduction to Loop

Today’s life is a speedy, complicated & competitive life & everyone hates to wait even if it’s for a
second. Imagine you are heading to your workplace or your home for dinner or for some important
meeting or for your college & while riding on your bike or scooter you face a flat tire problem! That
would make you annoy you for the whole day, may be even for weeks or months. How disastrous that
could be? But what would if I say there is an instant solution for the flat tire. What would if I say there
is a way through which you can resume your riding vehicle within seconds.

“The Loop” is the instant solution for the flat tire. The Loop is a simple mechanical device that attaches
to your flat tire & allows you either to ride to your destination or help to carry your vehicle to nearby
mechanic’s shop easily.

1.1 Application of the Loop

The loop is a simple designed machine used in case of a flat tire of a two-wheeler. Just needed to attach
on the flat tire & there you go! Now you can carry your vehicle to nearby mechanic’s shop with ease.

1.2 Advantages of the Loop

The advantages are: -

 Reduces the effort of carrying a two-wheeler with a flat tire.

 In case of front flat tire, one can ride the vehicle by simply attaching the loop with the front
tire.
 Can be used by anyone.
 Compact, small & easy to carry.
 Prevents the damaging caused to tire tube while moving the vehicle.

1.3 System of the Loop

 It works on the basic system of a skateboard, but here in this case instead of the board we have
a Stainless-Steel rod bended & welded in a loop form to handle the load of the tire, vehicle &
even the rider itself.

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 AEIOU Canvas
Canvas 1: Hands on exercise on Activities Canvas.
In the 1st canvas, we started with Activities canvas. In this canvas, we stated all the activities of the
people who are directly or indirectly connected with the problem. We came out with all the elements
& points that helped us to give birth to an idea that can change the lives of the people that we meet.

Figure 1.1: Activities Canvas

Canvas 2: Hands on exercise on Environment Canvas.

In the 2nd canvas, we started with Environment canvas. In this canvas, we stated all the environmental
conditions when the problem occurs. We came out with all the elements & points that helped us to
improve our idea. It helped us to widen our thoughts also helped to focus on peripheral problems too.

Figure 1.2: Environment Canvas

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 Canvas 3: Hands on exercise on Interaction Canvas.
In the 3rd canvas, we started with Interaction canvas. In this canvas, we stated all the interactions of
the people who are directly or indirectly connected with the problem with all the thing they interact.
We came out with all the elements & points that interacts with the people associated with the
problem.

Figure 1.3: Interaction Canvas

Canvas 4: Hands on exercise on Object Canvas.

In the 4th canvas, we started with Object canvas. In this canvas, we stated all the object that we might
use in our product to make it better. We came out with all the elements & points that helped us to
give birth to an idea that can change the lives of the people that are associated with the problem in
their daily lives.

Figure 1.4: Object Canvas

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 Canvas 5: Hands on exercise on User Canvas.
In the 5th canvas, we started with User canvas. In this canvas, we stated all the people who are directly
or indirectly connected with the problem. We came out with all the elements, activities & points that
are associated with both the user as well as with the problem.

Figure 1.5: User Canvas

Empathy Mapping
Canvas 6: Hands on exercise on Story Boarding Canvas.
Understanding the problem of society is one of the biggest challenges for engineering student as till
now they were making project on imaginary ideas. The 6th canvas session was based on understanding
the domains of the problem in broader sense which emphasized on interacting with the people of
your domain area which included more of casual talk rather than technical session. It focused on
making people comfortable in discussing their problem. And this activity was named as Story
boarding canvassing. Here we would like to explain the aspects of this canvas with the help of the
example taken up by our team. Our domain was “THE LOOP”, as we know there are a number of
people that, become helpless in case of the flat tire. We started with identify the people related to our
domain directly & indirectly. Then list out the activities which are required for “THE LOOP”. As we
need to focus on people’s emotions we wrote happy & Sad Story which helps us to get more attached
with user.

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 Figure 1.6: Empathy Mapping

Ideation Canvas
Canvas 7: Hands on exercise on Ideation Canvas.
In 7th canvas, we started with Ideation Canvas where first we started with people, where we simply
thought about the people for whom we want to solve the problem. For our Product we listed the
people like businessman, working women, college student, provision store worker, etc. Then list out
whatever activity every segment of people do. Then thought for context/location/situation & finally
for possible solutions .We conclude that people’s emotions when using an interactive system do not
only influence the current interaction process itself, but also the likelihood of reusing the system in
the future as well as the effectiveness of the application’s intention. So our problem definition which
we wanted to develop a simple small skateboard to accommodate the flat tire i.e. “THE LOOP”.

Figure 1.7: Ideation Canvas

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 Product Development Canvas
Canvas 8: Hands on exercise on Product Development Canvas.
In the 8th canvas, we started with product development Canvas, where we have mentioned purpose of
our product, functions, features, revalidation & product experience. Purpose of our product was to
change people’s working condition according to their present working condition.

Figure 1.8: Product Development Canvas

Summary Canvas
Canvas 9: Hands on exercise on Design Thinking Canvas.
In the 9th canvas, we started with Design thinking Canvas, where we summarized our Product like
people’s reaction towards “THE LOOP”. Multiple problems we listed like space requirement, cost
effectiveness, safety, stronger frame, etc. We had chosen one key problem that was “flat tire”. Multiple
solutions we listed were extension of frame design, increase in length of the device, etc. So we had
chosen key solution that is “THE LOOP”, i.e. a compact loop almost shaped like a skateboard that can
be fitted anywhere easily.

Figure 1.9: Summary Canvas

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 Chapter 2
Literature Review/Secondary Research

Literature Analysis & Design Reviews:

 In this section, we have searched various research papers & books related to our project. This
project is unique & one of its kind. There has been previous development on this problem, but
most of them are expensive & practically cannot be used by common people, especially when
it comes to illiterate people or old or someone who doesn’t understand the technical workings.
So, we decide to create something simple, quick, effective, cheap & appealing for all.
 We got the idea of making the “Loop” from a video upload on YouTube (link is in reference
section), by a person named Ahsaan Ehsan. He is an industrial engineer & has worked on this
field previously. Unfortunately, we couldn’t contact him for more information about this
project. So, we decide to continue the project based on our understandings & knowledge.

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 Chapter 3
Design Considerations

3.1 Design for Performance, Safety & Reliability

 Before design began, the loop Project developed a list of criteria which would guide the project
throughout the semester. Important criteria include performance, serviceability,
manufacturability, economic concerns, as Table 1 shows with relative priority to the project.
Design for performance:
 Performance for the loop was a high priority. The machine must be easily operable & reliable
to the user. The main criteria governing performance was that the device must handle the
weight of the vehicle as well as the user.
 The final product/process must perform for designed (projected in Product Development
Canvas – PDC) features & functions as per the requirement of the user in actual working
environment (revealed through rough-prototype validation).
Design for Safety:
 Safety is the most important aspect of human centric product/process. Reasonable factor of
safety should be considered, considering all adverse & factual factors (Ideation canvas –
location/context/situation may be referred here) as there is human interaction with
product/process in manifold circumstances.
Design for Reliability:
 Reliability is the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under
stated conditions for a specified period. Our final product/process should be reliable as
required by the user & should perform its desired functions as required for desired time period.
 Serviceability was a concern for this project as it was assumed that, in time, the device would
encounter unforeseen problems & might need maintenance. With this in mind, materials &
parts were selected based on their availability & ease of use in repair. In this regard, most users
of the device with an average mechanical knowledge & ability would be able to service, modify,
or replace many of the systems of the loop.
Sr.no. Considerations Priority Comments
1 Performance Essential Must handle the varying load under any circumstances.
2 Serviceability Essential No or very less requirement for the service.
3 Manufacturability Essential Must be constructed with available materials.
4 Economic High Should not be out of reach of common man.
Table No. 3.1 Serviceability Factors

3.2 Design for Ergonomics & Aesthetics

a. Ergonomics is all about designing for human factors/comforts wherever they interact with
product/process & surrounding environments. According to the International Ergonomics
Association within the discipline of ergonomics there exist domains of specialization:
I. Physical Ergonomics – is concerned with the human anatomy, bio mechanical &
physiological ability & its relevance to the product & surrounding systems.

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 II. Cognitive Ergonomics – is concerned with the mental ability such as perception,
memory, & reasoning & response power as they affect the interactions between
humans & products/systems.
III. Organizational Ergonomics – is concerned with the optimization of socio-technical
systems including organizational structures, policies & processes.
b. Aesthetics is all about designing for physical appearance (looks) of the product. In current
time, customers are willing to buy the products which have stunning looks with respect to their
competitive products. Design for Aesthetics includes appearance, style, color, form/shape,
visuals & so on.

Ergonomics Providing 2 belts instead of 1 in order for extra grip.

Aesthetics Larger tires for extra elevation & some elevated looks.
Table No. 3.2 Ergonomics & Aesthetics

3.3 Design for Manufacturability & Assembly (DFMA)

DFMA stands for two terms; DFM – Design for Manufacturability which means for ease of
manufacturing of parts/components of final product. DFA – Design for Assembly which means
manufactured parts can be easily assembled to form a final product. DFMA (Design for
Manufacturability & Assembly) approach helps to design & manufacture/construct the product easily
& economically. Designer must design components/parts that can be easily manufactured with
available resources at minimum cost of production & can be easily assembled by assembly personnel.
The intentions behind implementing DFMA practice in product development is to minimize
manufacturing & assembly cost, improve efficiency, eliminate waste of material & time. Iteration on
involved raw materials may be performed to check available alternatives – as materials play a key role
in production cost.

Thus, designing of the loop must be done in such a way that the factors such as manufacturability,
factory setup, assembly setup are satisfactorily met.

DFM – Design for Manufacturability: The loop or the metal frame was to be built by the designer,
who has limited knowledge & experience in manufacturing. So simplicity of design & ease of
manufacture ruled. Similarly welding of the nuts & then attaching process of the tires & bolting them.
DFA – Design for Assembly: This means manufactured parts can be easily assembled to form a
final product. After designing & manufacturing all components of proposed prototype. We can
easily assemble & make final model.

3.4 Design for Cost & design for Environment

Design for cost means designing for lowest possible life cycle cost. It involves – assumed product
design cost (manufacturing), delivery cost as well as cost of operation & maintenance.
Design for environment strategy describes best practices of designing a product/process to minimize
health & environmental ill-impacts. Four main concepts of Design for Environment includes:
a) Design for Environmental aspects during Processing & Manufacturing;
b) Design for Environmental aspects in Packaging;
c) Design for Disposal or Reuse;
d) Design for Energy Efficiency;

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Economic considerations in design: Economics played a large factor in the design of the device.
Although the loop is costly for basically one application, but we are trying our best to reduce the total
cost of our project by efficient designing of all components, proper selection of materials & proper
manufacturing process, to make it appeal for its need between the common people.
Environmental & Other Considerations: Environmental & Sustainability criteria did not
significantly impact the design of the device as there are no serious environmental concerns which
arise from the production & use of the loop.
3.5 Design criteria
Using the design considerations, we developed a set of criteria to guide the design & fabrication of the
loop. Criteria were developed based on the perceived feasibility of the project after work completed
in the end. The criteria can be divided into 2 categories, shown in table below which are pertain to
load & materials.

Criteria Priority Description

Load High It must handle all load levied on it.
Material
Light weight High The lighter the material, easier to carry.
Durability High Must be able to withstand impact & abrasion.
Workability High Must be easy to use with basic tools.
Low cost High Lower is better.
Table No. 3.3 Design Criteria

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 Chapter 4
Design Procedure & Calculations

4.1 Design Calculations

Here, we have 2 cases: 1st case is of front tyre in which the rider is riding on the bike & 2nd case is of
rear tyre where the rider will be pushing the bike. Weight applied on the loop:

 Case 1 Wt. = mg = 110 * 9.81 = 1079.1 N;

 Case 2 Wt. = mg = 100 * 9.81 = 981 N
Considering the maximum value from the 2 cases, Weight = 1079.1 N.

∵ There are no horizontal forces, there will be only 4 vertical forces which are equal and will be acting
on the joints due to the symmetrical design.
1079.1
Thus, total weight on a single Teflon tyre of the loop = = 269.775 N.
4

This weight force will be directly transferred from frame to the bolt.
𝐹 269.7775
∴ Stress developed in the Stainless-Steel Bolt 𝜎 = 𝐴 = = 2.3853 N/mm2
𝜋∗60∗60

∵ The ultimate permissible stress for a Stainless-Steel Bolt is 520 to 670 N/mm2.

∴ The design is safe.

Here, shear stress & bending moment are zero or very less that they are negligible.

All dimensions
are in cm.

Figure 4.1: Top View of the loop

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 All
dimension
s are in cm.

Figure 4.2: Side View of the loop

Figure 4.3: A Sample of how the loop is going to fit on the tyre

4.2 Parts of the loop

The loop has the following parts: -
1. Frame: - The frame is a loop made of aluminium metal with 2 long straight poles at the edges
& a hemisphere at the ends. The frame is the part on which the tire rests.
2. Tires: - The tires are the parts which will help to move the vehicle. They will reduce the effort
of moving the vehicle. They are made of composite of fibre & rubber. This composite has less
coefficient of friction with the road when compared to the vulcanised rubber.

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 3. Nuts & bolts: - They are the joining part for the frame & the tire. The bolts go in the hole made
in the frame & lock the tire with the help of nut.
4. Belt: - Here belt is used to give extra grip to the loop to stay connected to the tire, so it does
not detach due any obstacle on the road.

4.3 List of Materials

The materials required for the loop are: -
 Aluminum rod
 Threaded cloth
 Clips
 Nuts & bolts
 Fiber tires

Element Dimensions Quantity Cost (₹)

Hollow Stainless Steel Rod
Nut & Bolt
Teflon tyres
Hollow Stainless Steel Cylinder
Nylon Belt with straps
Length = 110 cm (Including the
Total Cost
Length = 62.2 cm 1 250
Diameter = 0.6 cm 4 25 x 4
Length = 7 cm
Diameter = 7.5 cm 4 125 x 4
Inner Diameter = 1 cm 4 5x4
Thickness = 0.15 cm
Width = 4 cm 1 100
strap setting)
₹ 970

Table No. 4.1 List of Materials (dimensions & costs)

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 Chapter 5
Selection of Materials, Method of construction, Tools & Equipment

5.1 Selection of materials

1. Selection of frame: - The material selected for the frame must be able to counter the weight
applied on it without any breakage. In addition to that the material should hold the properties
like corrosion resistant, hardness, toughness, etc.
2. Selection of tire: - The material has to be temperature resistant & water resistant. It is vital that
the tire work in all the climatic conditions.
3. Selection of bolt: - The material has to be hard, tough & should not fail under fatigue load, this
is vital because there might be the case where the loop might be going under continuous
impacts.
4. Selection of nut: - Here nut is simply used as a key to prevent the tire slip form its position.
Thus, here properties like harness & corrosion resistance is preferred.
5. Selection of belt & hook: - Material of belt & hook should weather resistant.

5.2 Method of construction, Tools & Equipment

According to our survey & research work we found the above items required for the making of the
project with their respective costing. It was found both practically & theoretical that these items will
be required in above described form & quantity.

Manufacturing processes involved in the project:

 Welding.
 Polishing.
 Bending.
 Stitching.
The product is very simple in construction & designed in such a way that it can fit easily in the vehicle.

The following are the steps of construction of the product: -

a. First, we will take an iron/ aluminum/ steel rod of 84.13 cm & then we will bend it in such a
way that it forms an approximate shape of number 0, in such a way that it has 29.5 cm length
on sides & width around 8 cm on both the sides. As shown in the figure.
b. Now join the 2 ends with the help of welding. Here, it is critical to select the welding procedure.
But, in this case we can select any of the oxy-acetylene or electric arc welding.
c. Then drill holes as per design
d. After that we will stitch the belt on any side of the device.
e. After this assemble all the parts & then the product is ready for the use.

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 Figure 5.1: The Loop

Figure 5.2: The Loop mounted on a wheel

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Figure 5.3: The front tyre setup

Figure 5.4: The rear tyre setup

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Figure 5.5: DE Project Fair Presentation

Figure 5.6: DE Project Fair Presentation

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 Chapter 6
Future scope

 Future Scope & Recommendations

The intension is to understand the basic principle of the loop & to fabricate the same
keeping the constraints such as monetary constraints, time constraints etc., in mind.
Many aspects that needs to be optimized in the future such as
 Stability
 Degree of movement, etc.
We are planning to add a second belt that can hold the loop more effectively. We have
also planned to attach a small torch arrangement at front of the loop. So that it can be
operated during the night.

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 References

1. https://youtube/2fmESDjT-0Q
2. http://www.wikihow.com/Fix-a-Flat-Tire
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_tire
4. http://www.bicyclinglife.com/HowTo/FixAFlat.htm
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweel
6. http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2013/10/tire-sealants-to-fix-a-flat-
tire/index.htm
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQRnDqGIhzI
8. S.K. Hajra Choudary, A.K. Hajra Choudary, Nirjhar Roy:
“Elements of Workshop Technology Vol1: Manufacturing Processes” & “Elements
of Workshop Technology Vol2: Machine Tools”, Media Promoters & Publishers.
9. O.P. Khanna, “Material Science & Metallurgy”, Dhanpat Rai Publications.
10. Dr. R.P. Rethaliya, “Mechanics of Solids”, Atul Prakashan.

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