ASME Performance Test Code PTC 4 for “Fired Steam Generators” superseded previous Code

PTC 4.1 in 1998 PTC 4 corrects many of the deficiencies in PTC 4.1 and makes testing more
accurate and easy to integrate into plant performance tests. PTC 4.1 however continues to be used
in many parts of the industry mainly due to its simplicity and ease of use. The use of both PTC 4
and PTC 4.1 has caused confusion. Direct comparison of testing results obtained in accordance
with the two Codes may lead to wrong conclusions. Fundamentally, PTC 4 is a more technically
sound and comprehensive Code than PTC 4.1 was. The calculation procedures of PTC 4 are
intended to produce more accurate loss results and reduce the uncertainty. For example, the surface
radiation and convection losses are measured instead of estimated, and the un-measured minor
losses must be estimated individually if not measured, with appropriate uncertainty values.
Therefore, the level of uncertainty associated with the estimate of unmeasured losses commonly
assumed by a lump sum value in PTC 4.1 would normally be greater than that associated with the
individually estimated losses by PTC 4. This paper presents a study of steam generator efficiency
and fuel flow for a 700MW net coal-fired power plant with the application of both PTC 4 and PTC
4.1 Codes. Without considering the differences in uncertainty analysis, radiation / convection
losses, and un-measured losses / credits, it is found that the results of tests conducted by the two
methods vary marginally, given that the gross efficiency in the scope of PTC 4.1 is converted into
the fuel efficiency as defined by PTC 4. The difference between the PTC 4 and 4.1 efficiencies is
principally due to the energy credits associated with auxiliary equipment power consumption. The
paper also discusses differences in efficiency definitions, efficiency conversions, and fuel flow
calculations between the two Codes.
A Study of Coal-Fired Steam Generator Efficiencies. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267608179_A_Study_of_Coal-
Fired_Steam_Generator_Efficiencies [accessed Mar 03 2018]

Translate :

Kode Uji Kinerja ASME PTC 4 untuk "Generator Uap yang Dipecat" menggantikan Kode PTC
4.1 sebelumnya pada tahun 1998 PTC 4 memperbaiki banyak kekurangan di PTC 4.1 dan membuat
pengujian lebih akurat dan mudah digabungkan ke dalam tes kinerja pabrik. PTC 4.1 namun terus
digunakan di banyak bagian industri terutama karena kesederhanaan dan kemudahan
penggunaannya. Penggunaan kedua PTC 4 dan PTC 4.1 telah menimbulkan kebingungan.
Perbandingan langsung hasil pengujian yang diperoleh sesuai dengan kedua Kode dapat
menyebabkan kesimpulan yang salah. Pada dasarnya, PTC 4 adalah kode yang lebih lengkap
secara teknis dan komprehensif daripada PTC 4.1. Prosedur perhitungan PTC 4 dimaksudkan
untuk menghasilkan hasil kerugian yang lebih akurat dan mengurangi ketidakpastian. Misalnya,
radiasi permukaan dan kerugian konveksi diukur daripada perkiraan, dan kerugian minor yang
tidak terukur harus diperkirakan secara individual jika tidak diukur, dengan nilai ketidakpastian
yang sesuai. Oleh karena itu, tingkat ketidakpastian yang terkait dengan perkiraan kerugian yang
tidak terukur yang umumnya diasumsikan oleh nilai lumpsa di PTC 4.1 biasanya akan lebih besar
daripada yang terkait dengan kerugian estimasi individual oleh PTC 4. Makalah ini menyajikan
studi tentang efisiensi dan bahan bakar generator uap. mengalir untuk pembangkit listrik berbahan
bakar batubara 700MW bersih dengan penerapan kode PTC 4 dan PTC 4.1. Tanpa
mempertimbangkan perbedaan dalam analisis ketidakpastian, kerugian radiasi / konveksi, dan
kerugian / kerugian yang tidak terukur, ditemukan bahwa hasil pengujian yang dilakukan oleh
kedua metode tersebut sedikit berbeda, mengingat bahwa efisiensi bruto di lingkup PTC 4.1 telah
dikonversi. ke dalam efisiensi bahan bakar seperti yang didefinisikan oleh PTC 4. Perbedaan antara
efisiensi PTC 4 dan 4.1 terutama disebabkan oleh kredit energi yang terkait dengan konsumsi daya
peralatan tambahan. Makalah ini juga membahas perbedaan definisi efisiensi, konversi efisiensi,
dan perhitungan aliran bahan bakar antara kedua Kode.

In applying ASME PTC 46 “Overall Plant Performance” to a coal-fired steam plant, it is mandated
that the heat input to the plant is determined by the product of heat input to the steam and the
inverse of the steam generator fuel efficiency. Steam generator fuel efficiency is to be determined,
per PTC 46, by the energy balance method as detailed in ASME PTC 4 “Fired Steam Generators”.
ASME PTC 4 (1998) superseded an earlier Code, ASME PTC 4.1, which is no longer an ANSI
standard or an ASME Code (as this paper was being written, PTC 4- 2008 has been published as
a revision of PTC 4-1998). PTC 4.1 made use of a simplified “short form” to determine efficiency
by what was known as the heat loss method, used by the industry for many years due to its ease of
use. The energy balance method is fundamentally different from the heat loss method even in terms
of the definition of efficiency and heat input. This paper explores the major differences between
the two PTC’s (the defunct PTC 4.1 and PTC 4). Without knowing these differences, a direct
comparison of PTC 4 and PTC 4.1 results is meaningless and could lead to false conclusions.