Systems Analysis and Design

Batches: MBA / IS

Term 1

Lecturer(s)

Name email Consultation times

Sudipto Das sudiptodasonline@gmail.com On request
Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan
1. Introduction

Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) is a systems approach to

the analysis and design of information systems. This subject is to give a overview of
the Basics of Systems including System architecture, Hardware, algorithm, flow
charts, Fundamentals of Systems Analysis and Design, SDLC, Finding out how to
capture user requirements and produce a user requirements specification, DFD, Use
Case, class diagrams, Database Concepts etc.

2. Course Credits and Timings

 Teaching hours – 36hrs (3 hour per week)

 Number of credit hours: 3

3. Teaching and Learning Methodology

A variety of teaching approaches is used, including lectures,

seminars, Student centric activity, teamwork and extensive use of the
interactive software packages.

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Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan
4. Learning Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this module students will be able to:

o Understand the over view of Information system with System development life
cycle (SDLC).
o Understand and Algorithm, draw Flow Chart.

o Understand the Architecture of information system.

o Describe paradigms of analysis and design.

o Identify and use the framework of activities associated with methodologies.

o Appreciate the Object Oriented methodology.

o Learn Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship(ER) Diagrams, Use Case
Diagrams, Class Diagrams.

o Student should be able to document and apply the appropriate standards, the key
techniques of analysis and design for the chosen paradigm.

o Discuss the objectives of input design

o List the guidelines of input design and incorporate the same in project work.

o Understand and explain the differences between physical and logical design.

o Identify the objectives of output design.

o List the guidelines in output design incorporate the same in project work.

o Learn and Appreciate Database Development Life Cycle (DDLC): Requirement

analysis, database design, evaluation and selection, logical database design, physical
database design, implementation, data loading, testing and performance tuning,
operation and maintenance.

o Demonstrate understanding of Database Architecture and Data Modelling.

o Introduction to ER diagram and data normalization.

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Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan

5. Programme of study

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 Module Topic Hours

1 6 hours

System Essentials
Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan

Software Hardware and Concepts

Application Software as a tool

Development of programming language

2 Systems Analysis and Design 18 hours

Resistance to change

The roles of a Systems Analyst

The traditional systems development lifecycle.

User Requirements Specification

SAAD Over view of current methodologies

Introduction to Structured Method Techniques – Data

Flow Models

Class Exercise 1

Introduction to Structured Method Techniques – ERDs

& Event Models

Class Exercise 2

Input design and Output design for IS

3 Introduction to DBMS 6 hours

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Database Development Life Cycle ( DDLC)
Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan

6. Assessment and exam

Quiz 3 x 10 = 30
Project & Documentation 30

Final Exam – 40%

7. Indicative Content

Module 1

Chapter 1 Evolution of computers.

Chapter 2 Software Concepts.

Chapter 3 Application Software as a tool.

Chapter 4 Development of programming languages

Chapter 5 GUI Operating System

Chapter 6 Industries and Business Computing

Chapter 7 Programming Skill

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Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan
Evolution of computers: Basics of computer and its operation: Functional
Components and their inter-connections, concept of Booting.

Hardware concepts:

Diagram illustrating main parts of computers:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit,
Memory Unit (RAM - Random Access Memory & ROM - Read Only Memory)
Role of Input, Processing and Output Devices in a computer system

Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Light pen, Touch Screens, Graphics Tablets,
Joystick, Mic, MICR, OCR, Scanner, Smart Card reader, Barcode reader, Biometric
sensor, web camera, digital camera;

Output Devices: Monitor/Visual Display Unit (VDU), Printer (Dot Matrix Printer,
Desk jet/ Ink jet/ Bubble jet Printer, Laser Printer), Plotter, Speaker, Secondary
Storage Devices: Floppy Disk, Hard Disk, Compact Disk, Magnetic Tape, Digital
Video Disk (DVD), Zip Drive; Units of Memory: Bit (Binary Digit), Byte,
Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte.

Software Concepts:

Types of Software: System Software, Utility Software and Application Software.

System Software: Operating System, Language Compilers, Interpreters and

Assembler;

Operating System: Need of operating systems, Functions of Operating System

Types of operating system.

Utility Software: Compression tools, Anti Virus, File Management tools and Disk
Management tools.

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Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan
Application Software as a tool: Word Processor, Presentation Tool, Spreadsheet
Package, Database Management System; Business software (for example:
Inventory Management, Payroll System, Financial Accounting, Hotel Management,
and Reservation System).

Development of programming languages: Machine Language, Assembly

Language, High Level Language (BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL, C++);
GUI based languages - Visual Basic, Visual C++; C#, Java, vb.net.

GUI Operating System

Windows

General features, Elements of Desktop - Taskbar, Icon, Start button, Shortcuts,

Folder, Recycle Bin, My Computer; Start Menu: Program, Documents, Settings,
Find/Search, Help, Run, Shut Down/Logoff; Customization of Taskbar, start menu,
Display properties (Wallpaper, Font Settings, Colour Settings, Screen Savers).

Program Menu: Accessories - Calculator, Notepad, Paint, Word pad,

Entertainments (CD player, Sound Recorder, Media Player, Volume Controller);
Internet Browsers – Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator.

Control Panel: Add new hardware; add new Software, Printer Installation,
Date/Time, Mouse, and Regional Settings.

Documentation

Purpose of using word processing software, opening a new/existing document,

closing a document, typing in a document, saving a document, print preview,
printing a document, setting up of page as per the specifications, selecting a portion

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of document, copying selected text, cutting selected text, pasting selected text;
changing font, size, style, colour of text; Inserting symbol; Formatting: Alignment –
Left, Right, Centre; Justification.

Industries and Business Computing: Types of Industries (Production, Shipping,

Travel, Hotel, Insurance, Construction, Automobile), Applications of Business
Computing in Industries.

Module 2

Chapter 8 Systems Analysis Fundamentals

Chapter 9 Information Requirement Analysis

Chapter 9 The Analysis Process

Chapter 10 Resistance to change, the roles of a Systems Analyst

Chapter 11 The traditional systems development lifecycle.

Chapter 12 SAAD Over view of current methodologies

Chapter 13 Introduction to Structured Method Techniques – Data Flow

Models

Chapter 14 Introduction to Structured Method Techniques – ERDs & Event

Models

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Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan
Systems Analysis and Design:

SSDM :
Systems are created to solve problems. One can think of the systems approach as an
organized way of dealing with a problem. In this dynamic world, the subject System
Analysis and Design, mainly deals with the software development activities.

System life cycle is an organizational process of developing and maintaining systems.

It helps in establishing a system project plan, because it gives overall list of processes
and sub-processes required developing a system.

Understand a system

Understand the different phases of system developments life cycle

Know the components of system analysis

Know the components of system designing

SSADM techniques

The three most important techniques that are used in SSADM are:

Logical Data Modeling

This is the process of identifying, modeling and documenting the data
requirements of the system being designed. The data are separated into entities
(things about which a business needs to record information) and relationships
(the associations between the entities).
Data Flow Modeling
This is the process of identifying, modeling and documenting how data moves
around an information system. Data Flow Modeling examines processes
(activities that transform data from one form to another), data stores (the
holding areas for data), external entities (what sends data into a system or
receives data from a system), and data flows (routes by which data can flow).

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Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan
Module 3

Chapter 15 Introduction to DBMS

Chapter 16 Database Development Life Cycle ( DDLC)

Chapter 17 Database architecture and data modelling.

Chapter 18 ER diagram and data normalization.

Case Study:
WAITERS ON WHEELS: COMPUTERIZED DELIVERY TRACKING
SYSTEM

Waiters on Wheels is a restaurant meal-delivery service started in 1997 by Sue and

Tom Bickford. The Bickfords both worked for restaurants while in college and always
dreamed of opening their own restaurant. But unfortunately, the initial investment was
always out of reach. The Bickfords noticed that many restaurants offer take out food,
and some restaurants, primarily pizzerias, offer home delivery service. Many people
they met, however, seemed to want home delivery service but with a more complete
food selection.

Waiter on Wheels was conceived as the best of both worlds for Sue and Tom – a
restaurant service but without the high initial investment. The Bickfords contracted
with a variety of well-known restaurants in town to accept orders from customers and
to deliver the complete meals. After the restaurant prepares the meal to order, it
charges Waiters on Wheels a wholesale price, and the customer pays retail plus a
service charge and tip. Waiters on Wheels started modestly, with only two restaurants
and one delivery driver working the dinner shift. Business rapidly expanded, and the
Bickfords realized they needed a customer computer system to support their business
operations. They hired your consultant firm to help them define what sort of a system
they needed.

Sue described the current system as such “When a customer calls in wanting to order,
I need to record it and get the information to the right restaurant. I need to know
which driver to ask to pick up the order, so I need drivers to call in and tell me when
they are free. Sometimes customer’s call back wanting to change their orders, so I
need to get my hands on the original order and notify the restaurant to make the
change.”

Tom continued, “The drivers get the copy of the bill directly from the restaurant when
they pick up the meal, which should agree with our calculations. The drivers collect
the amount plus a service charge. When drivers report in at closing, we add up the

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money they have and compare it to the records we have. After all drivers report in, we
need to create a deposit slip for the bank for the day’s total receipts. At the end of
each week, we calculate what we owe each restaurant at the agreed-to-wholesale price
and send them a statement and check.”

Basic requirements:

Design a system which does some processing when events such as these occur:
 a customer places an order either via telephone or via the company website.
 a driver is finished with a delivery
 a driver reports for work

The system should also produce information at some specific points in time – for
example, when it is :

 time to produce an end-of-day deposit slip

 time to produce end-of-week restaurant payments
 time to produce weekly sales reports

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Systems Analysis and Design Unit Plan

1. Case Study : Library System

Public Library is the biggest library in Noida. Currently it has about 300 members.
A person who is 18 or above can become a member. There is a membership fee of
Rs 400 for a year. There is a form to be filled in which person fills personal
details. These forms are kept in store for maintaining members’ records and
knowing the membership period.

A member can issue a maximum of three books. He/she has three cards to issue
books. Against each card a member can issue one book from library. Whenever a
member wishes to issue a book and there are spare cards, then the book is issued.
Otherwise that request is not entertained. Each book is to be returned on the
specified due date. If a member fails to return a book on the specified date, a fine
of Rs 2 per day after the due return date is charged. If in case a card gets lost then
a duplicate card is issued. Accounts are maintained for the membership fees and
money collected from the fines. There are two librarians for books return and
issue transaction. Approximately 100 members come to library daily to issue and
return books.

There are 5000 books available out of which 1000 books are for reference and can
not be issued. Records for the books in the library are maintained. These records
contain details about the publisher, author, subject, language, etc. There are
suppliers that supply books to the library. Library maintains records of these
suppliers.

Many reports are also produced. These reports are for details of the books
available in the library, financial details, members’ details, and supplier’s details.

Currently all functions of the library are done manually. Even the records are
maintained on papers. Now day by day members are increasing. Maintaining
manual records is becoming difficult task. There are other problems also that the
library staff is facing. Like in case of issue of duplicate cards to a member when

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member or library staff loses the card. It is very difficult to check the genuinely
the problem.

Sometimes the library staff needs to know about the status of a book as to whether
it is issued or not. So to perform this kind of search is very difficult in a manual
system.

Also management requires reports for books issued, books in the library,
members, and accounts. Manually producing the reports is a cumbersome job
when there are hundreds and thousands of records.

Management plans to expand the library, in terms of books, number of members

and finally the revenue generated. It is observed that every month there are at least
50-100 requests for membership. For the last two months the library has not
entertained requests for the new membership as it was difficult to manage the
existing 250 members manually. With the expansion plans, the management of the
library aims to increase its members at the rate of 75 per month. It also plans to
increase the membership fees from 400 to 1000 for yearly and 500 for half year, in
order to provide its members better services, which includes increase in number of
books from 3 to 4.

Due to the problems faced by the library staff and its expansion plans, the
management is planning to have a system that would first eradicate the needs of
cards. A system to automate the functions of record keeping and report generation.
And which could help in executing the different searches in a faster manner. The
system IS to handle the financial details as well.

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2.

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3. TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES.

Telecommunication Services. Intends to develop an inventory system to manage in

house inventory needs. This system will be used by the company’s staff, namely the
cashier, management staff, data entry clerk, inventory personnel and sales person.
This software aims to automate many of the tasks currently done manually by the
company to try to reduce their workload.

Among the many reasons why the system is required are:

(i) The system enables the company to reduce labour and paper costs since many of

the daily functions will then be automated.

(ii) It allows employees to concentrate on their jobs rather than spending time on

searching records.
(iii)Human errors can be reduced e.g. calculation error might lead to wrong billing to

the customers.

(iv) It allows the company to keep track of its stock levels as late replenishment of

inventory can result in insufficient stocks to meet customer demands.

(v) The time it takes to process sales to customers can be made faster. Faster response

time means that sale of items can be quickly closed.

(vi) It presents a good image to the company’s clients leading to more confidence in

the company. This allows it to gain a competitive advantage over its competitor.
(vii)Inventory levels can be closely and easily watched with the new system as the

management has better control over inventory levels. This is because inventory

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levels are updated every time a sale to customer is made and whenever new

stocks arrive.

Concise Indicative Reading List:

Core Texts

• Fundamentals of Computing - By Rajaraman.

• Systems Analysis and Design Methods - McGraw Hill

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