Aluminum-brazed plate-fin evaporator

The evaporator is a brazed fin aluminum unit. It consists of layers of seawater and ammonia flow
passages which are in alternating pattern. The channel for seawater passage is extruded because it
is designed to avoid direct contact of the liquid with the brazed aluminum which can cause galvanic
corrosion. On the other hand, the ammonia passage consists of dense herringbone fins to improve
heat transfer. Generally, the evaporator will couple with a bracket which is then bolted into support
structure. Also, the evaporator must be electrically isolated from steel spar structure to avoid
galvanic corrosion.

Shell and Tube Condensers with Titanium Twisted Tubes

Shell and tube heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes
inside it. One fluid runs through the tubes while another fluid flows over the tubes (through the
shell) to allow heat transfer between the two fluids. The titanium twisted tubes are installed to
increase heat transfer coefficient, provide compact design and enhance performances. The water
intake pump will be located upstream of the condenser and just below the condenser while the
seawater enter the condenser at below. The condenser will be supported by combination of saddle
and lug support due to its positioning for stability purposes.
 Single Point Anchor Reservoir (SPAR) Platform
SPAR consists of large-diameter, single vertical cylinder which is used to support a deck. The
bottom of cylinder contains a chamber filled with material denser than sea water to provide low
center of gravity and thus stability. Additionally, the platform can be protected from the effects of
vortex-induced motion by implementing spar hull which is encircled by helical strakes. Speared
mooring system is utilized to anchor the platform permanently to seabed. SPAR is commonly used
in deep water offshore platform because it is less affected by wind, wave and currents.

Magnetic coupled pump (working fluid pump)

Magnetic coupling applies torque transmission without the need of shaft feed through. Instead, it
uses magnetic field. It contributes lower heat transmission into the pumping medium compared to
canned motor pump. Thanks to steel pod, the magnetically coupled centrifugal pumps which is
housed inside can handle pressure up to 60m deep sea. This pump is good at containing the working
fluid due to its static, non-rotating and hermetic seal. Resilient mounts will be added to the pump
to improve sound isolation and enhance fatigue prevention. In addition, wave-induced motions
will also be reduced to avoid fatigue on the flanges. There is an ammonia leak sensor located in
the pump to detect leakage thus avoiding damage to the pump.
 High Density Polyethylene Pipe
High density Polyethylene pipe is suitable for offshore deep water usage due to its flexibility, high
strain capacity, corrosion resistance, availability in different dimensions and good reputation in
marine applications. Flexibility is the biggest advantages of the pipe compared to fiber glass option
because it can withstand the stress and movement caused by SPAR. Its low elastic modulus allows
endurance on suction load needed to drive an adequate flow of water in the pipe. However, stiffener
needs to be applied on top of the pipe to prevent collapse.

Axial impulse turbine

Axial turbine refers to turbine where the flow of the working fluid is parallel to the shaft,
converting flow of the fluid into rotating mechanical energy. On the other hand, impulse turbine
is turbine where the fluid or air is directed against the blades to create rotation. Combining both
working principle and you will get axial impulse turbine. It is claimed that the axial impulse turbine
can offer an efficiency of as high as 83% with proper tuning. This type of turbine can be scaled
according to rpm requirement of generator to match the application and maximize the efficiency.
For example, 0.8m diameter of turbine is used for 3600rpm while 1.6m turbine is used for 1800rpm.
Axial impulse turbine also creates lower thrust load, thus it can reduce bearing and seal
maintenance issues.
 Synchronous Generator (Totally Enclosed Water Air Cooled)
Generator is simply a device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Synchronous generator relies on electromagnetic induction to create electricity. This generator
generally consists of rotor and stator. Rotor side has field poles while stator side has armature
conductors. As long as there is a relative motion between the flux and conductors, electromotive
force will be induced in the conductor. This is because rotation of field poles with the presence of
armature conductors will create alternating voltage which then allows electrical power generation.
Synchronous generator is commonly used among power plants so it is a trusted solution and exhibit
low risk.

Axial Flow Submersible Seawater Pumps

Submersible pump has a hermetically sealed motor close-coupled to the pump body. It will be
submerged in the water while pumping the water. Submersible pump is good for avoiding pump
cavitation. The working principle is that kinetic energy of the fluid will be converted into pressure
energy when it is accelerated by impeller in diffuser. Axial flow submersible pump is commonly
used in aboard ships and floating structures because of its high capacity and low head axial flow.
It can offer up to 75% of wire to water pump efficiency.
 Submarine Cable
Submarine cable is a type of power transmission method used in ocean thermal power plant. The
cable has high risk in power delivery segment because the technology is not really that common
among the offshore power plant usage yet. It must be able to deliver up to 3.5MW net to shore for
the customer, maintain efficiency in 28 °C to 4 °C ambient seawater temperature and seafloor
thermal resistivity of 1.2 Km/W TBR, transmission voltage rated for 25 kV TBR while also can
be buried in 1 m depth when the cable is in water depth of less than 100 m TBR. In addition, its
outer wall should withstand pressure of 100 atm so that the internal core can avoid damages. Plus,
the cable have to withstand the continual platform motion oscillations over the operational life.