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Satellite Tracking Antenna
This is another question that has different answers, We offers a good range varying from RG213 which is similar to that
fitted to most antennas in short lengths, to the Low Loss, Foam Dielectric types of ½", 7/8" and 1 ¼" sizes that will
reduce losses. Basically the larger diameter cable the lower the losses, also losses increase the higher in frequency you
go so the need for larger cables also increases.
Nominally all connectors fitted to antennas and feeder cables are supposed to be 'weatherproof' but it is a brave
installer who would trust to this. Normal practices today is to first use self-amalgamating tape across the whole of the
connector joint and ensure it leaves no voids or sharp edges, then follow this with two layers of good quality electrical
insulating tape overlapping by 50% with each turn. This in itself is good enough for most.
Without going too far back into the physics lessons you should have remembered from school, a wavelength (λ) is
expressed in terms of metres and is related directly to frequency (f) expressed in Megahertz (MHz). A simple formula
gives the conversion: λ (m) = 300/f (MHz)
How antenna beam width and heights are determined and how should one choose this?
An antenna plot tells you where the radiation is concentrated. Patterns are usually referenced to the outer edge of the
plot, which is the maximum gain of the antenna. This makes it easy to determine other important antenna
characteristics directly from the plot.
Most antenna users are interested in the directivity or beamwidth of the antenna. This is usually referred to as the "half-
power" or 3 dB beamwidth, the points between which half the power is radiated or concentrated, and specified in
degrees. As an example, the typical half-power beamwidths of a 3, 6 and 10 element Yagi are 60°, 40° and 30°
respectively.
Beam width is a function of design, which has to incorporate all the relevant (and related!) factors to achieve the optimal
result: gain, VSWR ( voltage standing wave ratio), front-to-back ratio, operating frequency, & bandwidth. Antenna Experts
antennas have excellent operating characteristics in that they are broadband, have a VSWR of 1.5:1 or less, a high front-
to-back, and very consistent gain across the operating frequency.
If you require more coverage, choose an antenna with more beamwidth. However, more beamwidth can imply a lower
nominal gain at the same frequency than an antenna with a narrow beamwidth.
How to determine the gain of Yagi Antenna? What kind of radiation pattern is desired?
This is the first major delineator of antenna selection. The only way to increase gain is to concentrate power in a
narrower beamwidth. The narrower the beamwidth, the greater the gain of the antenna.
A Yagi antenna is basically a standard half-wavelength antenna with additional elements placed in front of it to focus
the energy for transmission in one direction. The more directive elements, the narrower the beamwidth and the greater
the gain. In other words, gain is simply how you focus the radiated energy at the transmitter and how you focus the 'ear'
of the receiver.
Above 400 MHz, a 3-element yagi will typically have 6 dBd gain, depending on the physical size of the elements, the
boom, and other design characteristics. Adding additional elements will increase the gain. (Adding 3 dB is doubling the
gain.) So the 9 dBd. gain yagi has twice the gain of the 6 dBd. yagi.
How to determine the gain of omni-directional antennas? How gain is actually affected since they do not have
elements that can be added?
Omni antennas radiate transmit power (the signal) in all directions (360°) and listen for incoming messages from all
directions. Omni antennas, therefore, do not send a signal as far as a yagi antenna of the same gain.
A vertical omni directional antenna is often used for line-of-sight communications with mobile stations spread out in
various directions usually restricted to the horizon. If greater performance is required, using a collinear type of omni that
decreases the vertical beamwidth and hence concentrates more power on the horizon where it will be most beneficial
can increase the antenna gain. Increasing the length of the antenna (adding vertical elements) will increase the gain of
an omni antenna.
WIND LOAD = 1/2 x AIR DENSITY x (WIND VELOCITY)2 x (CROSS SECTIONAL AREA)
If the antenna is attached to a tower or mast, what is the diameter of the pipe or mast?
All Antenna Experts antenna mounts are designed to support and hold the antenna from 32mm to 52mm outer
diameter pipe. The entire Grid parabolic antennas mounts are suitable to mount the antenna on 75 to 115 mm outer
diameters pipe.
What kind of materials used for mounting hardware? Are the mounting hardware standard accessories of antenna?
All the materials used for mounting hardware are made of either stainless steel or galvanized mild steel with powder
coating. All fasteners supplied with the antenna are made of high quality stainless steel. Normally all the antennas are
supplied with stainless steel mounting hardware, unless if there is any special or custom mounting required by the
customer.
What kind of grounding is required that should be taken into account for proper antenna grounding to reduce the noise
and system protection?
Lightning protection must be examined from four distinct directions. First off, the place where the antenna is mounted
(such as on a tower) is important. Then there must be input protection from the lightning strike itself, typically in the
form of a huge and rapid build up of voltage and current at the input to the radio. Thirdly, a proper ground system must
be employed to rapidly conduct the lightning bolt energy away from the radio.
If at all possible, don't mount your antenna on the highest building or tower. Place it a few feet lower and hopefully the
fickle lightning bolt, if it generates a direct hit, will not discharge through the antenna. Furthermore, the boom or mast
should be grounded to the mast or tower. Don't forget to ground guy wires that are used on stabilize towers. They are
just as likely to be hit since they extend over a wide area around the tower.
The most important lightning protection is good low impedance Earth/ground connection to the associated equipment.
The Earth ground connection should be a copper plated rod preferably at least 3-4 meters in length driven into the
ground. This ground rod should be located as close to the equipment as possible, typically just outside of a building at
the entry point of the antenna feed-lines.
* info@antennaexperts.in
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