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1. What is an IP address?
Ans: An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label that is assigned to devices
participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication
between its nodes
3. What is ARP?
Ans: ARP is the Address Resolution Protocol. The ARP protocol maps addresses between the
Data Link Layer and the Network Layer of the OSI Model.
7. Can a workstation computer be configured to browse the Internet and yet NOT have a
default gateway?
Ans: Without default gateway you cannot browse internet. It doesnt matter if you are on public or
private network. Default Gateway is required to route your IP packets from your network to the other
networks.
8. What is a subnet?
Ans: A subnet (short for subnetwork) is an identifiably separate part of an organization's
network.
9. What is APIPA?
Ans: Automatic Private IP Addressing, A Windows-based computer that is configured to use
DHCP can automatically assign itself an Internet Protocol (IP) address if a DHCP server is not
available.
10. What is an RFC? Name a few if possible (not necessarily the numbers, just the ideas
behind them)
Ans: A Request For Comments (RFC) document defines a protocol or policy used on the Internet. An RFC
can be submitted by anyone. Eventually, if it gains enough interest, it may evolve into an Internet
Standard Each RFC is designated by an RFC number. Once published, an RFC never changes.
Modifications to an original RFC are assigned a new RFC number.
You have the following Network ID: 192.115.103.64/27. What is the IP range for your network?
You have the following Network ID: 131.112.0.0. You need at least 500 hosts per network. How
many networks can you create? What subnet mask will you use?
13. You need to view at network traffic. What will you use? Name a few tools
Ans: Wireshark
14. How do I know the path that a packet takes to the destination?
Ans: Tracert will determine the path taken to a destination. ...
15. What does the ping 192.168.0.1 -l 1000 -n 100 command do?
Ans: -n 100 Echo requests to send and -l 1000 is invalid command syntax.
16. What is DHCP? What are the benefits and drawbacks of using it?
Ans: DHCP allows for reliable assignment of IP addresses in a network by reducing the need to manually assign
addresses to each host. This prevents IP conflicts that can disable a network.
Mobile users receive much of the benefit of DHCP, which allows them to travel anywhere on the intranetwork and
automatically receive IP addresses when they reconnect to the network.
Interoperability with DNS servers provides name resolution for network resources, allowing DHCP servers and
DHCP clients to register with DNS.
17. Describe the steps taken by the client and DHCP server in order to obtain an IP address.
Ans: DHCPDISCOVER (to locate available DHCP servers)
DHCPOFFER (server response to a DHCPDISCOVER packet, which contains the initial parameters)
DHCPREQUEST (varied request from the client for example to extend its lease)
DHCPACK (server response which contains the parameters and IP address of the client)
DHCPNAK (server response to indicate to the client that its lease has expired or if the client announces a
bad network configuration)
DHCPDECLINE (the client announces to the server that the address is already in use)
DHCPRELEASE (the client releases its IP address)
DHCPINFORM (the client requests local parameters, it already has its IP address)
18. What is the DHCPNACK and when do I get one? Name 2 scenarios.
Ans: DHCP server will issue a NAK to the client ONLY IF it is sure that the client, "on the local subnet", is
asking for an address that doesn't exist on that subnet.
1. Requested address from possibly the same subnet but not in the address pool of the server:-
This can be the failover scenario in which 2 DHCP servers are serving the same subnet so that when one
goes down, the other should not NAK to clients which got an IP from the first server.
19. What ports are used by DHCP and the DHCP clients?
Ans: The port 67 and port 68 are used by DHCP and the DHCP clients.