STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING

SIKA INDONESIA/ BUILDING SYSTEMS

REASONS FOR STRENGTHENING
WHY STRENGTHEN?
REASONS FOR STRENGTHENING
DEFINITION
STRUCTURAL
STRENGTHENING =
Increasing the load
bearing capacity to
restore structural safety
and serviceability
requirements

3 May 31, 2016

REASONS FOR STRENGTHENING
OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS
Load increase
Vibration / deflection reduction
Impact / seismic / blast resistance
Design errors / code changes
Construction errors

STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS
Column / wall removals
Slab openings
Floor additions

4 May 31, 2016

REASONS FOR STRENGTHENING
OVERVIEW (CONT.)
STRUCTURAL RECOVERY
Corrosion
Mechanical damage
Fire / explosion
Impact
Earthquake

5 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
HOW TO STRENGTHEN?
EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
OVERVIEW
Increase concrete cross section FRP =
Fibre Reinforced
Add steel or concrete members Polymer
Add bonded plates (steel or CFRP )
CFRP = Carbon FRP
Add bonded fabrics (CFRP)
GFRP = Glass FRP
Add near surface mounted strips (NSMS)
Add external post-tensioned reinforcement
Add shells (GFRP jackets with EP / CEM grout)

7 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
INCREASE CONCRETE CROSS SECTION
HIGH PERFORMANCE
GROUT
Anchor additional
rebars. Apply bonding
agents. Install
shuttering. Pour or
pump high performance
grout

8 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD STEEL OR CONCRETE MEMBERS
STEEL BEAMS
Ensure load-bearing
connection to the
existing concrete
structure.

9 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD BONDED PLATES
STEEL PLATES

10 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD BONDED PLATES (CONT.)
CFRP PLATES

11 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD BONDED PLATES (CONT.)
CFRP VS. STEEL PLATES

Sika® CarboDur® Steel

High material cost Low material cost

Fast installation Slow installation
Low installed cost High installed cost
Non-corrosive Corrosive
Lightweight Heavy
No fabrication required Fabrication required
Cross-overs possible Cross-over difficult
Low maintenance High maintenance
12 May 31, 2016
EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD BONDED FABRICS
CFRP FABRICS

13 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD NEAR SURFACE MOUNTED (NSM) STRIPS
NSM STRIPS

14 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD EXTERNAL POST-TENSIONED REINFORCEMENT
EXTERNAL POST-
TENSIONED
REINFORCEMENT

15 May 31, 2016

EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OPTIONS
ADD SHELLS
GFRP SHELLS WITH
EPOXY OR CEMENT
GROUT INJECTION

16 May 31, 2016

SIKA CFRP SYSTEM
SIKADUR® - SIKA® CARBODUR® - SIKAWRAP®
SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
LAMINATES FABRICS SPECIALTIES
Sika® CarboDur NSM
Sika® CarboDur® S SikaWrap® C near surface mounted
rods.
Sika® CarboStress®
post-tensioned tendons.

Dry application Wet application

Sikadur®-30 Sikadur®-330 Sikadur®-300

18 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKADUR-30
Primer, putty and adhesive for Sika CarboDur
Thixotropic, 2 component epoxy resin based
High creep resistance
Very good adhesion to various substrates
Non sag performance also for over-head applications
Density 1.65 kg/l

Packaging in sets of 30 kg or 6 kg
24 months shelf life

Consult latest PDS prior to any processing

19 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKA CARBODUR TYPE S
NSM
Sika CarboDur Type S is
also available in 20 mm
width or in circular
Pultruded carbon fibre reinforced laminates shape (8, 10, 12, 16
mm) for use as near
Elastic tensile modulus 165’000 MPa Near Surface Mounted
Tensile strength > 2’800 MPa (NSM) type
reinforcement.
Elongation at break > 1.7 %

Roll length 100 m

Wide range of cross sections (thickness 1.2/1.4 mm,
width 50, 60, 80, 90, 100, 120 and 150 mm)

Used for FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING

Consult latest PDS prior to any processing

20 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKA CARBODUR TYPE S – INSTALLATION
Consult latest Method
Statement prior to any
installation works.

Surface Preparation Application Sikadur-30

Application SD-30 to Transfer the Sika Press firmly to

Sika CarboDur plate CarboDur plates substrate
21 May 31, 2016
SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKAWRAP TYPE C
Woven carbon fibre fabric with unidirectional fibres
Elastic tensile modulus > 230’000 MPa
Tensile strength > 3’900 MPa
Elongation at break > 1.43 %

Roll width 500 mm

Roll length 100 m (50 m if > 450 g/m2)
Wide range of fibre area densities (155, 200, 230, 300, 450,
530, 610 g/m2)

Used for FLEXURAL and SHEAR STRENGTHENING

Used for CONFINEMENT
Consult latest PDS prior to any processing

22 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKADUR-330 (DRY APPLICATION METHOD)
Primer, putty, impregnating adhesive for dry applied
SikaWrap® System
Thixotropic, 2 component epoxy resin based
Density 1.31 kg/l
Tensile strength > 30 MPa (@ 7 days)
Elongation at break > 0.9 % (@ 7 days)

Packaging in sets of 30 kg or 6 kg
24 months shelf life

Consult latest PDS prior to any processing

23 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKADUR-330 (DRY APPLICATION METHOD)
CONSISTENCY
The unique thixotropic
consistency of Sikadur-
330 allows for dry
application method in
case of fabric with an
area density of up to
500 g/m2.

Consult latest Method

Statement prior to any
installation works.

SEALING / PLACEMENT OF THE LAMINATION OF

SATURATION DRY FABRIC FABRIC
of the prepared into the base layer of with special roller till
concrete substrate Sikadur-330 the Sikdur-330
with Sikadur-330 squeezes through the
fabric

24 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKADUR-300 (WET APPLICATION METHOD)
Primer and impregnating adhesive for wet applied
SikaWrap® System
Liquid, 2 component epoxy resin based
Density 1.16 kg/l
Tensile strength > 45 MPa (@ 7 days)
Elongation at break > 1.5 % (@ 7 days)

Packaging in sets of 30 kg or 10 kg
24 months shelf life

Consult latest PDS prior to any processing

25 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
SIKADUR-300 (WET APPLICATION METHOD)
CONSISTENCY
The liquid consistency
of Sikadur-300 allows
for wet application
method up to a fabric
area density of 1000
g/m2.

Consult latest Method

Statement prior to any
installation works.

IMPREGNATION LAMINATION OF WET FABRIC

of the pre-cut fabric roils with onto the prepared concrete
Sikadur-300 substrate

26 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
STRENGTHENING WORKFLOW
SURVEY
1.) INFORMATION 2.) PROCESS OF 3.) MANAGEMENT
ABOUT STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT STRATEGY
• Re-establish history of • Diagnose defects • Evaluate repair
structure • Analyze results options
• Review documentation • Identify root causes of • Select principles
• Perform condition damages • Select methods
survey • Perform structural • Consider health and
assessment safety issues
6.) ACCEPTANCE OF 5.) STRENGTHENING 4.) DESIGN OF
WORKS WORKS STRENGTH. WORKS
• Accept testing results • Assess health and • Define substrate prep.
• Accept finished work safety • Define products
• Prepare finale • Define QA/QC • Define application /
documentation • Execute work equipment
• Define maintenance • Finalize specification /
strategy drawings
HANDOVER

27 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
DESIGN
DESIGN CODES
Several design codes are
generally accepted for
structural design of FRP
strengthening:

FIB Bulletin 14
Externally bonded FRP
reinforcement for RC
structures (Europe,
Africa, Middle East)
BENDING SHEAR ACI 440.2R
Carbon fiber laminates only work External CFRP stirrups are displayed Guide for the design
under tension. Hence it is necessaryat the beam´s ends. The wrapping and construction of
to determine the position of the scheme can be either complete (full externally bonded FRP
tensile stresses along the element. wrapping) or partial (U-wrapping or systems for
strengthening concrete
The CFRP laminates are displayed lateral display). structures (US, Latin
longitudinally along the concrete´s America, Asia, Pacific)
surface.

28 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
DESIGN – CONFINEMENT
POISSON’S EFFECT
The concrete column
expands radially under
axial load. This
expansion leads to the
collapse of the column,
as concrete has a very
limited tensile strength.

The confinement
reinforcement restricts
the radial expansion
and increases the axial
load bearing capacity.

29 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
3RD PARTY TESTING
DEVELOPMENT
Sika actively contributed
to the development of
the CFRP strengthening
system right from the
initial development at
the EMPA, Switzerland.

30 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
3RD PARTY TESTING (CONT.)
Strengthening of reinforced concrete Thesis ETH Zurich # 8918 1989
with carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resins
Static & dynamic tests on RC-Beams Thesis ETH Zurich # 10199 1993
strengthened with Sika CarboDur (EMPA Report # 224)
Fire Test with Sika CarboDur EMPA Test Report # 148795 1994
Strengthened RC beams
Strengthening of masonry with heavy Thesis ETH Zurich # 10672 1994
duty fiber composite materials (EMPA Report No 229)
Testing the Sika roll-on process on voids EMPA Test Report # 154490 1994
by infrared thermography
Static Loading tests on concrete beams EMPA Test Report # 1995
strengthened with Sika CarboDur 154490/1
Loading Test on timber stairs EMPA Test Report # 161782 1996
strengthened with Sika CarboDur
Sika CarboDur Shear tests on RC T- EMPA Test Report # 1998
Beams 169219/1+2
Application of Sika CarboDur on EMPA Test Report # 170569 1998
Vibrating RC Slabs
…

31 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
APPROVALS
APPROVALS
Approval for the Sika®
CarboDur® and the
SikaWrap® system are
available in many
countries.

Poland France

32 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
EXPERIENCE
LONG TERM
EXPERIENCE
More than 45 years
experience with
Sikadur® and more than
20 years experience
with SikaWrap® and Sika
CarboDur® System.
1970 1991 1994
Long term test First application of First application of
Sikadur® adhesive at SikaWrap® system Sika® CarboDur®
EMPA (ongoing!) system

33 May 31, 2016

SIKA CARBODUR AND SIKAWRAP SYSTEM
COSTING
TOTAL COST TOTAL COSTING
Installation and
MATERIAL + INSTALLATION + MAINTENANCE maintenance cost have
COST COST COST a big effect on the total
costing of the system
Plates Site setup Protective coatings over the full life cycle
Adhesive Labor Partial / total
Bolts (steel plates) Disruption to users replacement

Disruption to users Steel plate corrosion

34 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
WHERE TO STRENGTHEN?
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
OVERVIEW
FLEXURE SHEAR CONFINEMENT

Beams Beams Columns

Slabs Girders Foundations
… Joints …
Corbels
…
Additional external, Additional external Additional external
flexural reinforcement shear reinforcement confinement
(tension only) to (tension only) to reinforcement to
increase bending increase shear increase the
moment capacity resistance compressive load
bearing capacity

36 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
SLABS – FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

37 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
BEAMS – FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

38 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
BEAMS – SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

39 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
BEAMS – SHEAR REINFORCEMENT (CONT.)
COMPLETE WRAPPING
Best performance is
achieved by fully
wrapping the SikaWrap
around the beam. Slots
through the sl

40 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
BEAMS – CORBEL REINFORCEMENT

41 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
COLUMNS – CONFINEMENT

42 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
FOUNDATION AND PIERS – CONFINEMENT

43 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
VARIOUS SUBSTRATES – BRICK AND WOOD

44 May 31, 2016

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
SIKA SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Ther is a solution to
virutally every structural
strengthening problem
with the Sika
Carbodur® and the
SikaWrap® system.

45 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
SELECTED PROJECTS FROM ASIA PACIFIC AND THE MIDDLE EAST
SELECTED REFERENCES
TRAINING YARD POOL AT OCEAN PARK, HONG KONG
INFO
Strengthening of i-beam
& hollow-column.
Sika® CarboDur® S1214
SikaWrap® 300C

47 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
ATOLL REEF PLANT BUILDING AT OCEAN PARK, HONG KONG
INFO
Strengthening of beam
& slab soffit with plates
while fabrics were used
for columns and beams.
Sika® CarboDur® S1214
SikaWrap® 300C
SikaWrap® 930G/45

48 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
REALTY GARDEN PHASE 1&2, CONDUIT ROAD, HONG KONG
INFO
Strengthening of roof
slabs against wind load.
Sika® CarboDur® S914

49 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
GARDEN VISTA, RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT, HONG KONG
INFO
Strengthening of pile
caps.
Sika® CarboDur® S1512
Sika® CarboShear
L4/20/50

50 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
AIRPORT LINK, THAILAND
INFO
Strengthening of pre-
stressed girders
damaged to increase
load capacity of the
segments.
Sika® CarboDur® S512

51 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
SRIRACHA HARBOR, THAILAND
INFO
Strengthening of jetty
column to install new
fender system.
Sika® CarboDur® S512

52 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
CENTRAL WORLD, THAILAND
INFO
Strengthening of post
tensioning slab
damaged by an
accidental fire.
Sika® CarboDur® S512

53 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
BAGO BRIDGE, BAGO CITY, PHILIPPINES
INFO
Strengthening of shear
and flexural on a 270m
box girder bridge.
Sika® CarboDur® S1012
Sikawrap®

54 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
SURIGAO DEL NORTE, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
INFO
Shear and Flexural
Strengthening on a 480M
Reinforced Concrete Deck
Girder Bridge.
Sika® CarboDur® S1012
Sikawrap® 230C

55 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
PARLIAMENT BUILDING PHASE 2B, KL, MALAYSIA
INFO
Strengthening of beams,
slabs and columns.
SikaWrap-231C
Sika® CarboDur® S512
Sikadur®-31 CF Normal
Sikacrete®-213 FMY
Ferrogard 903+FD, SG
700S, SG 670WMY

56 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
PARAGON RESIDENCE, JOHOR, MALAYSIA
INFO
Strengthening of
columns due to
insufficient in-situ
compressive strength.
Sika® Wrap-231C
Sikadur®-330
Sikadur®-52 MY

57 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
DUKE 2 BRIDGE DECK, MALAYSIA
INFO
Strengthening the top of
bridge deck slab due to
missing reinforcement
bars.
Sika® Carbodur S512
Sikadur®-30
SikaTop Armatec-110
Epocem
SikaFloor-82 Epocem

58 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
ROUTE FT180 PORT KLANG BRIDGE, MALAYSIA
INFO
Strengthening of bridge
piers & top column
head.

Sika® CarboDur® S1012

SikaWrap-231 C
Sikacrete®-213 FMY

59 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
ADHI MELATI JAKARTA, INDONESIA
INFO
Strengthening of beam
and column due to
functional change
(increasing earthquake
load).
Sika® Wrap 231C
Sika CarboDur® S1012

60 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
BRIDGE JAKARTA, INDONESIA
INFO
Strengthening of slab
due to additional live
load.
Sika® CarboDur® S1012

61 May 31, 2016

Sika CarboDur
Sika CarboDur
Sika CarboDur
Sika Wrap
Sika CarboDur
SELECTED REFERENCES
OFFICE JAKARTA, INDONESIA
INFO
Strengthening of
column due to
additional load.
Sika® CarboDur® Rod
BC10

67 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
CAPITOL BUILDING, SINGAPORE
INFO
Strengthening of beam
and columns for the
conservation of heritage
building.
Sikawrap® 601C

68 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
AUCKLAND TOWN HALL, NEW ZEALAND
INFO
Strengthening of
concrete mezzanine
floor slabs for historical
building.
Sika® CarboDur® CFRP
plates and systems
Sikadur® epoxy
adhesives and mortars

69 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
CHRISTCHURCH ARTS CENTER, NEW ZEALAND
INFO
Strengthening of wall
linings for seismic
restoration of historical
building.
SikaWrap®

70 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
MOHAKA BRIDGE, NEW ZEALAND
INFO
Strengthening of the
reinforced concrete
deck due to increasing
traffic loads.
Sika® CarboDur®
Sika MonoTop®-412 N
Sika MonoTop®-910 N
Sika® FerroGard®-903

71 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
WILSON‘S BRIDGE, NEW ZEALAND
INFO
Strengthening of deck
and abutments of
bridge.
Sika® CarboDur®
Sikagard® 550

72 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
AOTEA CAR PARK, NEW ZEALAND
INFO
Strengthening of beams
for an underground car
park.
SikaWrap®
Sika® CarboDur®

73 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
55 UPPER QUEEN STREET, NEW ZEALAND
INFO
Strengthening of
columns and beams.
SikaWrap®
Sika® CarboDur®

Only 1 picture

74 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
BHARTI AIRTEL DATA CENTER BLDG, INDIA
INFO
Strengthening of
columns for data center
building.
SikaWrap® 600 C
SikaWrap® 930 G

75 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
HCMCT, INDIA
INFO
Strengthening of slabs &
beam for hospital.
Sika® Carbodur® S 514
Sika® Carbodur® S 1014
SikaWrap® 450

76 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
CANPACK , INDIA
INFO
Strengthening of slabs
cut-outs.
Sika® Carbodur® S 514
SikaWrap® 230 C

77 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
ONGC TEL BHAVAN, INDIA
INFO
Strengthening of
columns & beams.
SikaWrap® 300 C NW

78 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
PORT QASIM JETTY, PAKISTAN
INFO
Strengthening of post
tension griders.
Sika® Carbodur® S 812
SikaWrap® 230 C 45
Sikadur® 30
Sikadur® 330
Sikadur® 42 MP Slow

79 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
METRO ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
INFO
Strengthening of post
tension griders.
Sika® CarboDur® S 812
Sikadur® 30
Sikadur® 42 MP Slow

80 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
HALLMORE POWER PLANT, PAKISTAN
INFO
Strengthening of the
foundation of steam
turbine.
SikaWrap® 230 C 45
Sikadur® 33
Sikadur® 52 LP
Sikadur® 31

81 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
COCA COLA FACTORY, PAKISTAN
INFO
Strengthening of
inverted beams due to
crack development.
SikaWrap® 230 C
Sikadur®330
Sikadur® 52 LP
Sikadur® 31 CF slow

82 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
ABHA BRIDGE, SAUDIA ARABIA
INFO
Strengthening of pre-
stressed girders.
Sika® CarboDur®
XS1014

83 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
MAGMAAH BRIDGE – RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
INFO
Strengthening of pre-
stressed bridge girder
damaged by a collision
impact.
Sika® CarboDur®

84 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
MAGMAAH BRIDGE – RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
INFO
Strengthening of
reinforced concrete
girders exposed to load
increase.
Sika® CarboDur®

85 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
ARAMCO HO – JEDDAH, SAUDIA ARIABIA
INFO
Strengthening of the
joints between the
beams and girders
SikaWrap®-400C HiMod

86 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
SWCC – YANBU, SAUDIA ARIABIA
INFO
Strengthening of the
corbels due to load
increase of the steel
crane.
SikaWrap®-230C

87 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
DEWAN AMIRI – EAST GATE, QATAR
INFO
Strengthening of 50
reinforced concrete
columns due to load
increase.
SikaWrap®-230C

88 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
HOLY HARAM – MAKKAH, SAUDIA ARIABIA
INFO
Strengthening of 52
reinforced concrete
columns due to load
increase.
SikaWrap®-230C

89 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
MOEVENPICK HOTEL – DOHA, QATAR
INFO
Strengthening of
reinforced concrete
columns exposed to
increased loading.
Sika® CarboDur® S1012
SikaWrap® Hex 230C

90 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
COMMERCIAL TOWER – DOHA, QATAR
INFO
Strengthening of
reinforced concrete
columns.
SikaWrap® Hex 230C

91 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
FEISAL BANK – KAIRO, EGYPT
INFO
Strengthening of 65
reinforced concrete
columns due to change
in design code.
SikaWrap®-230C

92 May 31, 2016

SELECTED REFERENCES
AL AINY DOME – CAIRO, EGYPT
INFO
Strengthening of
historic brick dome.
SikaWrap®-230C

93 May 31, 2016

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION