Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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ISSMGE Technical Committees
•Independent of President
•Can be created upon proposal at anytime
•2 members per country
•Unlimited number of corresp. members
•Chair rotating every 8 years
•Contribute to Case Histories Journal
•Develop Honours Lectures
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Member societies of Asia
(24 Countries)
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16th ARC International Conference,
Taiwan, Taipei, 2019
Website www.16arc.org 6
20th ICSMGE International Conference
Australia, Sydney, 2021
Prochain Congrès International de la SIMSG
Australia ,Sydney, 2021
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Indonesian Society for Geotechnical Engineering conference in Jakarata
1. Background of Research
2. Engineering Characteristics of Surfactant grout
through Laboratory tests
4. Concluding Remarks
1
Background of Research
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- Kim et al., (2010), A Study on the Injection Efficiency and Strength for
Grouting Method
- A. Draganovic, (2009), Bleeding and filtration of cement-based grout
- M. Saric-Coric et al., (2003), Performance characteristics of cement
grouts made with various combinations of high-range water reducer and
cellulose-based viscosity modifier
- K.H. Khayat et al., (1998), Simple field tests to characterize fluidity and
washout resistance of structural cement grout
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Engineering Characteristics of Surfactant grout
through Laboratory tests
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Visual inspection
test (level) >3
Suspended solids
Anti-washout test test Anti-washout < 50
(mg/l)
pH test < 12
Immediately KCI-AD102
(cm)
Self-leveling test Flowability <3
After 5 min
(cm)
Surfactant
grout micelle
Surfactant
crystals
Inverted
hexagonal
Lamellar
Cubic
Cubic
Hexagonal
Water Oil
Monolayer Monolayer
(a) Normal cement grout (b) Adding process of surfactant grout micelle (c) Grout with surfactant admixture
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Anti-washout test
Visual inspection (Score)
220L 220M 220H
Surfactant grout content was 3% or higher, the level of anti-washout was equal to or higher
than level 3.
L type : anti-washout was shown to be more prominent
w/c ratio > 75%, the anti-washout is higher than or equal to level 3 with surfactant grout
content 1.5%.
The variation of the w/c ratio had no effect on the anti-washout property.
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Anti-washout test
Suspended solids (mg/l)
220L 220M 220H
The measured suspended solids were less than 50 mg/l with surfactant grout more than 3%
For the L and M types, when less than 2% of surfactant grout was used, the suspended solids
exceeded the allowed value.
The H type of surfactant grout satisfied the allowed value regardless of the surfactant grout
concentration.
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Anti-washout test
pH
220L 220M 220H
The pH value, of 12 or less, was used as a reference value for the amount of pH that is allowed in
grout, including surfactant grout.
The test results indicated that as long as the surfactant grout content was 3% or higher, all of the
grout satisfied the reference value for the pH regardless of the surfactant grout concentration,
ranging from 0–6%.
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Self-leveling test
Self-leveling test
220L 220M 220H
The fluidity of the surfactant grout L type increases with surfactant grout content.
M and H type : fluidity decrease in the beginning and increases slightly in the range of 3–6%.
Satisfied the flow value of 30 mm, with surfactant grout for w/c=75% and 100%.
w/c=50%, the flow value of 30 mm was not satisfied, especially for surfactant grout 220 M and
200H. 10
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Bleeding test
Bleeding rate measurement tests the grout with a surfactant grout content of 3%, an
optimum usage level anti-wash and self-leveling tests.
L type : 0% bleeding
M and H types : little bleeding still less than 0.01%.
Grout satisfied the bleeding rate regardless of the surfactant gorut concentration and the
water-cement ratio.
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Non–dispersion capacity
Constant water/cement ratio
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High viscosity High grout ability for voids in sandy gravels and
No casing is needed boulders
High skin friction for pile foundation Minor impact to adjacent structures 13
Field Applicability of Cast-in-placed piles
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The field pilot tests were performed at the sand and sandy
gravel deposited soil ground under the high water table, G.L. -
3.1m.
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CIP
(Installed on no.1,2,3)
H-CIP
(Installed on no. 4,5)
① Excavation ② Inserting ③ Installation grouting ④ Surfactant Grouting ⑤ Completed
with Casing Re-bar cage pipe & filling aggregate & Pullout casing
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20 C1
15 C2 3.65m (H2) (C2: 6.63Mpa) W.L(3.1m)
(H2:30.74Mpa)
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(C3: N/A)
5 (H1:25.75Mpa)
5.7m (H3)
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Displacement (mm)
① Lanfill Layer ( EL.-1.5m): HCIP > CIP (122% verify the growth rate of strength)
② Sand Layer (EL.-3.65m): HCIP>CIP(464% verify the growth rate of strength)
③ Sand-Gravel Layer (EL.5.7m): CIP 0% core recovery rate
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Concluding Remarks
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Summary
The laboratory and field pilot tests were conducted to investigate the
effectiveness of surfactant grout under the ground water table.
Based on the laboratory test results, self-leveling, anti-washout, breeding
satisfy the KCI Standard.
The cut-off function of H-CIP wall for deep excavation site and under the
ground water should be further studied with consideration various factors
such as soil types in ground, condition of ground water, and the quality
assurance of field performance.
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