BREEDING SERVICES FOR SMALL DAIRY FARMERS

Principles and practical approach

Sharing the Indian experiences

The Tools 1 to 8 contain the formulae for doing the exercises

Tool 1 : Estimation of total AI in a given situation (Chapter I.2)

Tool 2 : Herd strength of the bull mother farm of the AI organization (Chapter I. 3)
Tool 3. Selection intensity for milk yield after first calving in a bull mother farm (Chapter I. 3)
Tool 4 : Cost comparison between mobile and stationary AI services (Chapter I.5)
Tool 5 : Herd size for a field PT programme (Chapter I.7)
Tool 6 : Time taken to estimate breeding value of a bull (Chapter I.7)
Tool 7 : Breeding value estimation based on individual records (Chapter II.4)
Tool 8 : Estimation of breeding value based on half-sib records (Chapter II.4)

Result values are colour

Intermediate values are colour
Tool 1. Estimation of total AI in a given situation

Adult female population BCP 1000000.00

Annual coverage (in proportion) COV 0.40
No. of AI required per calf AIC 2.00
Calving interval (months) CI 18.00

No. of AI to be done annually 533333

Tool 2. Herd strength of the bull mother farm of the AI organisation

No. of AI to be done annually 1000000

Wastage & minimum surplus (in proportion) 0.25
Doses to be procured/produced annually 1250000
No. of doses / bull / year 12000
Productive life of bulls - years 6
Bulls procured from out side 10
Selection intensity on male (%) 35
Calving rate of bull mothers (%) 70
Bull mothers to be maintained 60
Tool 3. Selection intensity for milk yield after first calving in a bull mother farm

Number of heifers in the farm HNOS 250.00 1

Reproductive success RES 0.85 2
Survival rate SUR 0.90 3
Intercalving period ICP 12.00 4
Calving ratio CIN 1.00 5
Average number of lactations N 7.00 6
7
8
Genetic selection GS 0.62 9
No. of heifers 278 10
Final HNOS (95%) 250 11
No. of cows 556 12
Female calves 375 13
Total strength 1181 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
n a bull mother farm

Denom Factor 1 0.5852 Heifer Count 1 106.2500 106.2500

Denom Factor 2 0.4477 Heifer Count 2 156.6636 50.4136
Denom Factor 3 0.3425 Heifer Count 3 195.2299 38.5664
Denom Factor 4 0.2620 Heifer Count 4 224.7332 29.5033
Denom Factor 5 0.2004 Heifer Count 5 247.3032 22.5700
Denom Factor 6 0.1533 Heifer Count 6 264.5692 17.2661
Denom Factor 7 0.1173 Heifer Count 7 277.7778 13.2085
Denom Factor 8 0.0897 Heifer Count 8 287.8823 10.1045
Denom Factor 9 0.0686 Heifer Count 9 295.6123 7.7300
Denom Factor 10 0.0525 Heifer Count 10 301.5257 5.9134
Denom Factor 11 0.0402 Heifer Count 11 306.0495 4.5238
Denom Factor 12 0.0307 Heifer Count 12 309.5101 3.4607
Denom Factor 13 0.0235 Heifer Count 13 312.1576 2.6474
Denom Factor 14 0.0180 Heifer Count 14 314.1828 2.0253
Denom Factor 15 0.0138 Heifer Count 15 315.7322 1.5493
Denom Factor 16 0.0105 Heifer Count 16 316.9174 1.1852
Denom Factor 17 0.0081 Heifer Count 17 317.8241 0.9067
Denom Factor 18 0.0062 Heifer Count 18 318.5178 0.6936
Denom Factor 19 0.0047 Heifer Count 19 319.0484 0.5306
Denom Factor 20 0.0036 Heifer Count 20 319.4543 0.4059
Cows 1 212.5000
Cows 2 313.3271
Cows 3 390.4598
Cows 4 449.4664
Cows 5 494.6064
Cows 6 529.1385
Cows 7 555.5556
Cows 8 575.7646
Cows 9 591.2245
Cows 10 603.0514
Cows 11 612.0989
Cows 12 619.0203
Cows 13 624.3151
Cows 14 628.3657
Cows 15 631.4643
Cows 16 633.8348
Cows 17 635.6482
Cows 18 637.0355
Cows 19 638.0968
Cows 20 638.9086
Tool 4. Cost comparison between mobile and stationary AI services

Parameter Stationary Mobile

Salary to the technician/year (local currency) 100000 100000

Adult females in the area (no.) 100000 100000
Assumed % covered by AI 40.00 70.00
Average calving interval (m) 15.00 13.00
Animals calving/year 32000 64615
Number AI required per calf born 3.00 2.80
Al conducted/year 96000 180923
Propulsion charge for mobility (local currency) 0.00 6000.00
Cost of semen/straw (local currency) 6.00 6.00
Liquid nitrogen required per Al unit/year 120 150
Cost of liquid nitrogen /lit (local currency) 15.00 15.00
Depreciation on containers (local currency) 250.00 350.00
Depreciation on motor vehicle (local currency) 0.00 500.00
Total cost (local currency) 678050 1194638
Cost per Al (local currency) 7.06 6.60
Tool 5 : Herd size for a field PT programme

Young bulls to be replaced/year 40

Selection intensity (%) 25.00
Average number of completed lactation/bull 60
Expected loss from calf birth to completion of 1st lactation (%) 70.00
Average number of AI per calf born 3.00
Average calving interval (m) of the population 20.00
Average coverage of AI in the area 50.00
Young bulls to be tested / year 160
Total number of completed first lactation 9600
Number of female calves to be born 32000
Total number of AI done / year 192000
Size of the test herd 213333
Tool 6 : Time taken to estimate breeding value of a bull

in months
Average age of bulls when test doses are produced BAS 25.0
Time required to complete test AI TAI 12.0
Average age of the daughters at first calving DAC 45.0
Time required for data analysis and sire evaluation TDA 6.0
Age of the bulls when the sire proof is available ABSP 107.5
Tool 7. Breeding value estimation based on individual records

Heritability of one lactation h21 0.25

Repeatability R 0.40

Milk yield kg
Lact 1 Lact 2 Lact 3 Lact 4 Lact 5
Herd average 4000 4200 4400 4200 4100
Cow no.
1 4000 4500 3800
2 4200
3 4500
4
m h2m BV

3 0.42 -42
1 0.25 50
1 0.25 125
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
0 0.00 ###
Tool 8. Estimation of breeding value based on half-sib records

Heritability of one lactation H2 0.25

Half- sib group Group size IP CP Breeding value

1 145 4523 3685 398.9

2 25 2854 3685 -328.5
3 32 4123 3685 180.7
4 48 3524 3685 -70.3
5 59 3987 3685 134.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
IP - Av.1st standard lactation milk yield of the half-sib group
CO - Av.1st standard lactation milk yield of the contemporaries
ng value