Technological University of the Philippines

College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department

Digital Communications, Lec

Goupwork
Quadrature Multiplexing

Submitted By:
Landicho, Larish Mariam T.
Lobo, Abigail D.
Orubia, Carla Joy L.
BSECE – 4A

Submitted To:
Engr. Maria Victoria Padilla

March 8, 2018
OBJECTIVE 1: To determine what quadrature multiplexing is and how it works.
A Quadrature Carrier Multiplexing (QCM) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
(QAM) is a form of modulation which is widely used for modulating data signals onto a
carrier used for radio communications. It is widely used because it offers advantages
over other forms of data modulation such as PSK, although many forms of data
modulation operate alongside each other. It is a method enables two DSBSC modulated
waves, resulting from two different message signals to occupy the same transmission
band width and two message signals can be separated at the receiver.
Questions:
1. Explain briefly how quadrature multiplexing works.
. It conveys two analog message signals, or two digital bit streams, by
changing (modulating) the amplitudes of two carrier waves, using the
amplitude-shift keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude
modulation (AM) analog modulation scheme. The two carrier waves of the
same frequency, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by
90° and are thus called quadrature carriers or quadrature components —
hence the name of the scheme. The modulated waves are summed, and
the final waveform is a combination of both phase-shift keying (PSK) and
amplitude-shift keying (ASK), or, in the analog case, of phase modulation
(PM) and amplitude modulation. In the digital QAM case, a finite number
of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used. PSK
modulators are often designed using the QAM principle, but are not
considered as QAM since the amplitude of the modulated carrier signal is
constant. QAM is used extensively as a modulation scheme for digital
telecommunication systems, such as in 802.11 Wi-Fi standards. Arbitrarily
high spectral efficiencies can be achieved with QAM by setting a suitable
constellation size, limited only by the noise level and linearity of the
communications channel.

2. How many signals can be multiplexed?

Multiplexing is a way of sending multiple signals or streams of information
over a communications link at the same time in the form of a single,
complex signal.
3. Draw a simplified block diagram of a quadrature multiplexer and demultiplexer.

MULTIPLEXER

DEMULTIPLEXER
4. What does “quadrature” mean?
In dictionary, it is the process of constructing a square with an area equal
to that of a circle, or of another figure bounded by a curve.