SENSATION AND PERCEPTION -Processed by the eye.

Theories of Pitch Perception:

-It has psychological properties: brightness, Place Theory- Different pitches are experienced by
color/hue and saturation. the stimulation of hair cells in different locations on
Sensation- When the special receptors in the sense
the organ of Corti.
organs are activated, allowing various forms of Theories of Color Vision:
outside stimuli to become neural signals in the Frequency Theory- Pitch is related to the speed of
brain. Trichromatic theory-Proposed three types of vibration in the basilar membrane.
cones: red, blue, green
Perception- Method by which the brain interprets Smelling (Olfaction) and Tasting (Gustation) works
the sensations people experience Opponent-process theory-Proposed visual neurons together.
are stimulated by light of one color and inhibited by
Transduction- Process of converting outside stimuli light of another color The pathway of flavors and scents to the brain, to
into neural activity. be interpreted.
Types of Color Blindness:
Sensory Receptors- Special forms of neurons. Somesthetic Senses- Body senses
Monochrome color blindness-No cones or have
SENSORY THRESHOLD: cones that are not working at all. Soma “Body”, esthetic “feeling”

Just Noticeable Difference (Difference Threshold)- Protanopia-Red-green color deficiency. Red cones Three Somesthetic Sense Systems:
the difference is always constant doesn’t function properly
Skin senses- Touch, pressure, temperature and
Absolute Threshold- the lowest level of the time Deuteranopia-Red-green color deficiency. Green pain.
the stimulation that a person can consciously cones doesn’t function properly
detect 50 percent of the time the stimulation is Perception of Pain:
present. Tritanopia-Blue-yellew color deficiency. Blue cones
doesn’t function properly Visceral Pain-Pain in the organs
Habituation- tendency of the brain to constant,
Perception of Sound: Somatic Pain- Pain in the skin, muscles, tendons
unchanging information.
and joints.
Sensory Adaptation- Tendency of sensory Sound-Vibration of molecules that of air that
.Kinisthetic sense
receptors cells to become less responsive to a surrounds us. Three Properties: wavelength,
stimulus that is unchanging. amplitude and purity.
Location of body parts in relation to each other.
Special receptors (Proprioreceptors) in the muscles,
Light-It is a physical stimulus with properties of Perception of Pitch:
tendons, and joints. Kinesthesia (Kinein “to move”,
both waves and particles.
Pitch- How high and how low a sound is aesthesis “sensation”)
Vestibular senses-Movement of body position. Contiguity-Tendency to perceive two things that Motion Parallax-Perception of motion of objects in
Sense of balance.Latin word that means entrance happen close together in time as being related which close objects appear to move more quickly
or chamber.Located in the innermost layer of the than objects that are farther away.
ear. Figure-Ground-The tendency to perceive objects or
figures as existing on a background. Accommodation-Tendency of the lens of the eye to
The Constancies: change its shape or thickness in response to objects
Depth Perception- The capability to see the world near or far away.
Size-The tendency to interpret an object as always in three-dimensions.
being the same size, regardless of its distance from Type of Binocular Cues:
the viewer. Two types of depth perception cues:
Convergence-The rotation of the two eyes in their
Shape-The tendency to interpret the shape of the Monocular Cues (pictorial depth cues) Cues for sockets to focus on a single object, resulting in
object as constant, even when it changes in the perceiving depth based on one eye only. greater convergence for closer objects and lesser
retina. convergence if objects are distant.
Types of Monocular Cues:
Brightness- The tendency to perceive the apparent Binocular disparity-The difference in images
Linear Perspective- Tendency for parallel lines to
brightness of an object as the same even when the between the two eyes, which is greater for object
appear to converge on each other.
light conditions change. that are close and smaller for distant objects.
Relative Size-Objects that appear small are
Gestalt Principles: Perceptual sets and expectancies-The Tendency to
assumed to be much farther while objects that
perceive things a certain way because previous
Proximity-Tendency to perceive objects that are appear large are much nearer. experiences or expectations influence those
close to each other as part of the same group.
Overlap-Assumption that an object that appears to perceptions.
Similarity-Tendency to perceive objects that looks be blocking part of another object is in front of that
similar to each other as being part of the same object and closer to the viewer. Prepared by:
group. Felmar May Refugio
Aerial Perspective-The haziness that surrounds
BS Psychology IV
Closure- Tendency to complete the figures that are objects that are farther away from the viewer.
incomplete.
Texture Gradient-Tendency for the textured
Continuity-Tendency to perceive things as simply as surfaces to appear to become smaller and finer as
possible with a continuous pattern rather than with distance from the viewer increases.
a complex, broken-up pattern.