by.

AJENG FADILAH / 1706104344

Sule’s suggestions
Sule suggested that after learning the phases of a pure compound and the PVT data, they should tackle the first
law of thermodynamics. He suggested the following problems for the group to try to solve:
(b) The rigid tank illustrated below has a volume of 0.06 m3 and initially contains a two-phase liquid–vapor
mixture of H2O at a pressure of 15 bar and a quality of 20%. As the tank contents are heated, a pressure-
regulating valve keeps the pressure constant in the tank by allowing saturated vapor to escape. Neglecting
kinetic and potential energy effects. Determine the total mass in the tank, in kg, and the amount of heat
transfer, in kJ, if heating continues until the final quality is x = 0.5.

Penyelesaian:
Dik : Tangki dilengkapi pressure regulating valve, untuk menjaga tekanan konstan
V = 0.06 𝑚3
P = 15 bar
𝑥1 = 20% = 0,2
𝑥2 = 0.5
Dit : a. Total massa (𝑚2 ) di dalam tangki, dalam kg?
b. Kalor, dalam kJ?
Jawab :
Asumsi
𝑊𝑐𝑣 = 0
Energi Kinetik dan Energi Potensial diabaikan
Mass Rate Balance
𝑑𝑚𝑐𝑣
= ∑𝑖 ṁ𝑖 - ∑𝑒 ṁ𝑒
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚𝑐𝑣
= ∑𝑖 ṁ𝑖 - ∑𝑒 ṁ𝑒 (tidak ada aliran massa yang masuk)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚𝑐𝑣
= - ∑𝑒 ṁ𝑒
𝑑𝑡

Energy Rate Balance

𝑑𝑈𝑐𝑣 𝑣𝑖 2 𝑣𝑒 2
= 𝑄𝑐𝑣 - Ẇ𝑐𝑣 + ∑𝑖 ṁ𝑖 ( ℎ𝑖 + + 𝑔𝑧𝑖 ) - ∑𝑒 ṁ𝑒 ( ℎ𝑒 + + 𝑔𝑧𝑒 )
𝑑𝑡 2 2
𝑑𝑈𝑐𝑣 𝑣𝑖 2 𝑣𝑒 2
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑄𝑐𝑣 - Ẇ𝑐𝑣 + ∑𝑖 ṁ𝑖 ( ℎ𝑖 + 2
+ 𝑔𝑧𝑖 ) - ∑𝑒 ṁ𝑒 ( ℎ𝑒 +
2
+ 𝑔𝑧𝑒 ) (Ẇ𝑐𝑣 = 0, Energi Potensial & Kinetik diabaikan)
𝑑𝑈𝑐𝑣
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑄𝑐𝑣 - ṁ𝑒 ℎ𝑒

𝑑𝑈𝑐𝑣 𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑄𝑐𝑣 + ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑡𝑐𝑣
∆𝑈𝑐𝑣 = 𝑄𝑐𝑣 + ℎ𝑒 ∆𝑚𝑐𝑣
𝑄𝑐𝑣 = ∆𝑈𝑐𝑣 - ℎ𝑒 ∆𝑚𝑐𝑣
𝑄𝑐𝑣 = (𝑚2 𝑢2 - 𝑚1 𝑢1 ) - ℎ𝑒 (𝑈2 - 𝑚1 ) ................ (1)

𝑚1 = massa di dalam tangki mula – mula (kg)

𝑚2 = massa di dalam tangki akhir
𝑢1 = energi dalam mula – mula (kJ/kg)
𝑢2 = energi dalam akhir
ℎ𝑒 = entalpi akhir (kJ/kg)
𝑄𝑐𝑣 = kalor (kJ)
Untuk Keadaan awal (P = 15 bar; 𝑥1 = 0.2)
Dari data Table A-3 (Moran, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodinamics 8th ed.)

- mencari energi dalam -

𝑢1 = 𝑢𝑓 + 𝑥1 (𝑢𝑔 - 𝑢𝑓 )
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
= 843.16 + 0.2 (2594.5 – 843.16)
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
= 1193.428
𝑘𝑔
- mencari volume spesifik -
𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑓 + 𝑥1 (𝑣𝑔 - 𝑣𝑓 )
𝑚3 𝑚3
= 1.1539 x 10−3 + 0.2 (0.1318 – (1.1539 x 10−3 ))
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
= 0.0272
𝑘𝑔

𝑉 0.06 𝑚3
𝑚1 = 𝑣 = 3 = 2.2058 kg
1 0.0272 𝑚 ⁄𝑘𝑔

Untuk Keadaan akhir (P = 15 bar; 𝑥2 = 0.5)

- mencari energi dalam -
𝑢2 = 𝑢𝑓 + 𝑥2 (𝑢𝑔 - 𝑢𝑓 )
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
= 843.16 + 0.5 (2594.5 – 843.16)
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
= 1718.83
𝑘𝑔
- mencari volume spesifik -
𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑓 + 𝑥2 (𝑣𝑔 - 𝑣𝑓 )
𝑚3 𝑚3
= 1.1539 x 10−3 + 0.5 (0.1318 – (1.1539 x 10−3 ))
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
= 0.0664
𝑘𝑔

𝑉 0.06 𝑚3
𝑚2 = 𝑣 = 3 = 0.9036 kg
2 0.0664 𝑚 ⁄𝑘𝑔

- mencari entalpi -
ℎ2 = ℎ𝑔 (T : 198.3 ℃ )
𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 2792.2
𝑘𝑔

𝑄𝑐𝑣 = (𝑚2 𝑢2 - 𝑚1 𝑢1 ) - ℎ𝑒 (𝑚2 - 𝑚1 )

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝑐𝑣 = ((0.9036 kg x 1718.83 𝑘𝑔) – (2.2058 kg x 1193.428 𝑘𝑔)) - 2792.2 𝑘𝑔 (0.9036 - 2.2058) kg
𝑄𝑐𝑣 = 2556.675 kJ