Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Yoram Krontal
Oct 2010
Irrigation management
How ?
When ?
How Much ?
The Soil, The Climate, The Plant.
Temperature Transpiration Radiation
Wind
Humidity
Evaporation
Drainage
Percolation
Irrigation Goals
A. Complete the whole deficit throughout the
humid area
B. Air and volume should not be moved at the
same time
C. Water save
D. Prevent the accumulation of salts and fertilizers
in excess
E. Prevent lack of water in the soil
SOIL AND WATER IN EQUILIBRIUM
0
00
00
10
10
00
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Diâmetro Equivalente (µm) Diâmetro Equivalente (µm) Diâmetro Equivalente (µm)
TOTAL ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE WATER
Ψg + Ψsub + Ψm + Ψa + Ψp + Ψo = Ψt
Ψg – Gravity
Ψsub –Submergence
Ψm– Metric
Ψa–Pneumatic
Ψp– Pressure
Ψo– Osmotic
Soil water holding capacity
50
Sandy soil Clay soil
45
40 Field
35 Capacity
Humidity (%)
30
25 Avaliable W ater
20
15
10 W ilting
5 point
0
Dripper
SDI
Typical values of soil and water characteristics for
various soils
Type of soil Sandy Light Medium Heavy Heavy Very
medium heavy
Bulk density (g/cm3) 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1
14
12
10
Penman-Monteith
Tanque Clase "A"
8
mm
y
t
an
a
a
n
v
y
t
s
ila
er
ile
lle
ue
b
lle
a
lle
in
ol
eg
ag
es
ta
Va
al
Va
eg
Va
G
N
D
tG
D
on
s
a
el
an
t
va
ht
ei
ul
M
es
th
ra
ha
B
aj
ig
ra
da
or
W
Iz
A
tS
N
hu
ei
Ie
B
Plant Growing Phase
Dados
Day Date Evaporation Rain Rain Kc irrigated mm
(m"m) (m"m) efetiva per day
Monday 27/08/2008 5 65 45 1 -40.00
Tuesday 28/08/2008 4.3 0 1 4.30
Wednesday 29/08/2008 2 0 1 2.00
Thursday 30/08/2008 1 0 1 1.00
Friday 31/08/2008 2 0 1 2.00
Saturday 01/09/2008 3 0 1 3.00
Sunday 02/09/2008 5 0 1 5.00
22.3 65.0 45.0 1.0 -3.24
Monday 03/09/2008 5.1 0 1 5.10
Tuesday 04/09/2008 4 5 0 1 4.00
Wednesday 05/09/2008 4.9 10 0 1 4.90
Thursday 06/09/2008 3.8 11 7.7 1 -3.90
Friday 07/09/2008 5.1 0 1 5.10
Saturday 08/09/2008 4.2 0 1 4.20
Sunday 09/09/2008 4.5 0 1 4.50
31.6 26.0 7.7 1.0 3.41
Monday 10/09/2008 4 0 1 4.00
Tuesday 11/09/2008 1 0 1 1.00
Wednesday 12/09/2008 2.5 0 1 2.50
Thursday 13/09/2008 3.6 0 1 3.60
Friday 14/09/2008 4 0 1 4.00
Saturday 15/09/2008 2.5 0 1 2.50
Sunday 16/09/2008 1 0 1 1.00
18.6 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.66
Monday 17/09/2008 4 0 1 4.00
Tuesday 18/09/2008 5 0 1 5.00
Wednesday 19/09/2008 2 0 1 2.00
Thursday 20/09/2008 1 0 1 1.00
Friday 21/09/2008 3 35 24.5 1 -21.50
Saturday 22/09/2008 4 0 1 4.00
Sunday 23/09/2008 2 0 1 2.00
21.0 35.0 24.5 1.0 -0.50
Irrigation Calculation
Application Rate – how much water my system applies in 1 hour
Measurement in mm refers to water height and not to volume
1 mm = 1 L in m3 = 10000 L (10 m3) in 1 hectare
Emitter discharge 1
= = 1.11 mm/hr or 11.1 m3/ha/hr
distance between 1.8 x 0.5
x distance between
drip line drippers
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
20
06
02
/0
5/
20
06
04
/0
5/
20
06
06
/0
5/
20
06
08
/0
5/
20
06
10
/0
Irrigation
5/
20
06
12
/0
5/
20
Water stress
06
irrigation start
14
Rain
/0
5/
20
06
16
/0
5/
20
06
18
/0
5/
20
06
20
Ten. 30 cm
/0
5/
Soil Saturation
20
06
22
/0
5/
20
06
24
/0
5/
20
06
Adequate humidity
26
Ten. 60 cm
/0
5/
20
06
28
/0
5/
20
06
30
/0
5/
20
06
Ten. 90 cm
01
/0
6/
20
06
03
/0
6/
20
06
0
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9