3.

1 basic concepts

humans in life and life often feel bored if the circumstances in which he lives does not
show significant dynamics. if the circumstances and circumstances of a person are
monotonous, the person will feel bored and uncomfortable to remain in such a condition. such
circumstances should be avoided by expecting teachers to hold variations in teaching and
learning activities.

variations in the world of teaching and learning process can be interpreted as a process
of changing the style of teaching teachers that are personal, the use of media and instructional
materials, the pattern of interaction of teachers with students in teaching

the provision of appropriate variations in teaching and learning activities can enable
teachers to:

a. generate and improve student achievement of relevant teaching and learning

activities
b. realizing well the opportunity for the development of talent, motivation and curiosity
of students

c. shape and develop positive student attitudes toward teachers and schools through a
variety of livelier teaching methods and better learning environments

d. provides a broad opportunity for students to acquire ways of receiving and

understanding their favorite lessons.
3.2. principles of use of variation

in the efforts of teachers to achieve goals, and the benefits of variation in teaching, need
to consider the following principles:
a. variations should be used with a particular purpose that is relevant to the objectives
to be achieved

b. variations should be used seamlessly and continuously, so as not to undermine the

students' attention and not interrupt the lessons
c. Such variations should be well designed
3.3. the types of skills perform variations

according to the meaning of the skill of performing the variation, as mentioned earlier,
then the types or components of this skill can be divided into 3 parts namely:
1. variations in teaching teachers

variations in teaching style, these usually appear within or between the following
components:
1.1 the use of sound variation
 in this variation the teacher makes a change of voice from the loud to the weak, from
the high to the low, from the fast to the slow, from the joyful to the sad, or to emphasize the
sound of certain words.
1.2 concentration of attention

in this case the teacher seeks to focus the attention of the students on the things that are
considered important. for example, with the sentence pay attention to this well or well, this is
very important or pay attention well, this is rather elusive. this concentration of attention can
be divided into two kinds, namely:

1.2.1 verbal focusing, ie focusing attention through words such as: listen, watch this
picture or check this image carefully.

1.2.2 gestural focusing, ie concentration of attention through certain cues, such as

showing images hanging on the wall, or on the board. This gestural focusing usually serves to
strengthen the verbal focusing and is often done simultaneously.
1.2.3 silence or silence
in this case the teacher deliberately and suddenly get or cause silence or silence for a
moment while explaining something to the students. the circumstances are expected to invite
serious attention from the students to find out the continuation of the conversation with the
distraction the question requires a deep thought. with the change of stimulus is expected
attention and curiosity of student about what happened can be developed well.
1.2.4. make eye contact with motion

when the teacher interacts with the student, it is better to see his views across the class
and see the eyes to the students such as the teacher explaining something to a student with his
eyes fixed on the eye.
1.2.5. gestures and expression

this variation involves the facial expression of the teacher, the motion to and the motion
/ variation body in addition to attracting the attention of the students, can also convey the anti
of the oral role in question. facial expressions can include smiles, frowning, scowling, raising
eyebrows, and so on
1.26. change of teacher position in class

this type of variation can be used by teachers to retain the attention of students,
especially when delivering lessons in front of the class to apply these variations need to be paid
attention to the following things:

a. get used to moving in the classroom with a view to instilling a sense of closeness to
the students as well as controlling their behavior
b. do not get used to explaining while writing to the board
c. do not get used to explaining while walking back and forth or just sitting
 d. try the direction of view always exploring throughout the class.

e. try to move away from students who ask or answer questions so that students can
speak loud and clear

f. move slowly and towards the back of the class and toward the front if you want to
observe the whole class.
2. variations in using media and teaching materials

such variations usually occur when teachers use media or learning tools that can be
heard, viewed and touched.

varieties of variations adjust the means of the senses, so that the students' attention gets
higher. these types of variations can be classified as follows:

2.1. variations of visible tools (visual aids) ie the use of various tools or materials, such
as graphics, images, bulletin boards, charts, posters, maps, etc.

2.2. variations of the instrument / material that can be heard (aditive aids) ie the use of
various tools and materials, especially the voice of the teacher or voice recording, radio sound,
music sound, and so forth.

2.3. variations of tactile, manipulated, and driven (motor) tools / tools (including
motors), television, radio, etc.

2.4. variations of visible, audible, and tangible (audio visual) means of using tools /
materials that can involve all the senses of the pupil.

tools / materials included in this variation include film, television, radio, projector and
so on.
3. variations, patterns of interaction and student activities

such variations involve changes in patterns and levels of interaction between teachers
and students. the teacher's interaction pattern with the students in the teaching and learning
activities is very varied in the pattern depending on the teacher's skills in managing the teaching
activities.