PROPOSAL

FINAL ASSIGNMENT

Narrated by:

EDDY CHANDRA

071.013.066

DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF EARTH TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY

TRISAKTI UNIVERSITY

JAKARTA

2016
 PETROLEUM ENGINEERING FINAL ASSIGNMENT PROPOSAL

FACULTY OF EARTH TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY

TRISAKTI UNIVERSITY

I. TITLE

“CHARACTERIZING CARBONATE REEF RESERVOIR THROUGH PRESSURE

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS IN NIFFLEHEIM FIELD: AN ANALYTICAL

APPROACH”

II. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

It is well known that pressure transients of wells in naturally fractured

reservoirs often lack a similar response. In fact, individual wells at different

locations in the same reservoir often exhibit qualitatively different pressure

responses. While the traditional double porosity model has been considered as the

standard tool for the analysis of such tests, it is also common knowledge that the

expected behavior of a parallel line, in a semilog plot of pressure vs. time, is

frequently not observed. To reconcile such differences, various explanations are

typically advanced, including effects of wellbore storage, short test duration and

boundary effects. Moreover, some reservoir heterogeinities have similar transient

response curve to the behavior of naturally fractured reservoir and can cause

erroneous interpretation. This issue will also be further discussed in this study.

The main objectives of this analytical pressure transient work are to seek for

reservoir engineering evidence to confirm the dual-porosity characteristics of this

naturally fractured reservoir from the behavior of the pressure transient and

calculate in-situ characteristics of the matrix-fracture system, such as pore-volume

ratio, overall capacity of the formation, total storage capacity of porous matrix, and

fracture and matrix permeability. The resulting in-situ characteristics of the

formation will be used to estimate the productivity of the reservoir and other

production and reservoir engineering calculations.

This study includes the analysis of 3 wells which have different semilog

shape to better explain why dual-porosity characteristics are not observed in some

well test data.

III. OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this study are, namely:

1. To confirm the dual-porosity characteristic of the reservoir through

pressure transient analysis.

2. To explain why dual-porosity characteristics are not observed in some

well test data.

3. To calculate in-situ reservoir characteristics and flow capacity of the

reservoir.

IV. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY

Type Curve matching and semilog analysis are used to draw insights

from the well test data. Firstly, time region, particularly wellbore storage

and phase redistribution period, is determined and matched from both curve
 (type curve and semilog). This very first step is of prime importance before

determining the radial flow period to avoid erroneous errors.

Pressure response from the reservoir can yield similar semilog shape

for different reservoir models, especially in highly heterogeneous reservoir.

Therefore, several attempts are made to appropriately model the reservoir

after the time region has been determined.

Once the reservoir model has been determined, hypothesis is made

to suggest why the pressure response from the well test data behave in such

behavior. Subsequently, hypothesis is tested by validating the results from

transient test analysis with geological and petrophysical data.

Final conclusion is made after the hypothesis is tested and validated.

V. EXECUTION PLAN

Estimated time required : ± 4 weeks

Week 1 - Introduction to Field

- Determination of wells to be

evaluated

- Literature Study

- Data Acquisition and Data

Processing

Week 2 - Time region determination

- Type Curve and Semilog Analysis

 - Discussion and weekly report

Week 3 - Hypothesis Generation

- Hypothesis Testing

- Results Validation

Week 4 - Final Report

VI. EXPECTED RESULT

The results expected from this final assignment are:

1. Confirmation of dual porosity system existence in the reservoir.

2. Explanation of why dual porosity behavior is not suspected in some well

test analysis.

3. Better reservoir characterization to improve recovery performance.

VII. BENEFIT OF STUDY

The construction of this study is expected to give several benefits, namely:

1. Provide additional source of information regarding reservoir

characterization by turning the data into insight.

2. Explanation of unexpected behavior occurred in the pressure transient

analysis.

3. Deepen the reservoir engineering knowledge especially in reservoir

characterization through pressure transient analysis.

 OUTLINE

ABSTRACT

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF APPENDICES

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Motivation

1.2 Objectives

1.3 Organization of the Final Project

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Carbonate Reservoir

2.1.1 Porosity

2.1.2 Permeability

2.1.3 Capillary Pressure

2.1.4 Relationship between Porosity, Permeability, and

Texture

2.1.5 Effects of Diagenesis on Reef Carbonate Reservoirs

2.2 Reservoir Fluid Flow

2.2.1 Types of Reservoir Fluids

 2.2.2 Reservoir Boundary

2.2.3 Unsteady-State Flow of Slightly Compressible Fluid

2.2.4 Exponential Integral Function Solution to Unsteady-

State Flow

2.2.5 Dimensionless Pressure Solution to Unsteady-State

Flow

2.2.6 Wellbore Damage and Improvement Effects

2.2.7 Wellbore Storage

2.2.8 Radius of Drainage and Stabilization Time

2.2.9 Turbulent Flow Factor

2.2.10 Principle of Superposition

2.3 Pressure Transient Test

2.3.1 Pressure Drawdown Test

2.3.2 Pressure Build-Up Test

2.3.3 Type Curves

2.3.4 Pressure Derivative Method

2.4 Behavior of Naturally Fractured Reservoir

2.4.1 Introduction

2.4.2 Dual-Porosity Model

2.4.2 Characteristics of Naturally Fractured Reservoir in

Pressure Transient Analysis

CHAPTER III PRESSURE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS CARBONATE REEF

RESERVOIR

3.1 X Well

3.2 Pressure Transient Test Analysis of X Well

3.3 Y Well

3.4 Pressure Transient Test Analysis of Y Well

3.5 Z Well

3.6 Pressure Transient Test Analysis of Z Well

CHAPTER IV RESULT AND ANALYSIS

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LIST OF SYMBOLS

APPENDIX