Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures

By
Ida Ayu Trisna Handarini Indria
Chemistry Education Department
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Email: trisnahandarini@rocketmail.com
__________________________________________________________________

Abstract

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances

retain their distinct identities (Raymond. 2007: 11). There are two types of
mixture, homogeneous and heterogeneous. Any mixture can separate or created
by chemical and physically process. In this experiment used physically process to
prove the theory. The objective of this experiment is to prove that oil and water
cannot mix homogeneously. Like mention before, there are two types of mixture.
Oil and water has different properties. In other word the characteristics of the
substances are not uniform. The method that used in this experiment are in
qualitative (from can or cannot separated) and quantitative (from volume changes
between both of them) aspects. From the result it can be conclude that oil and
water cannot mixed homogeneously.
Key Words: Mixture, Heterogeneous mixture, Oil, Water, Separation.

Introduction
Many several of food that product by human are dispersions. Mixtures are
simply blends of two or more substances added together in some random
proportion without chemically changing the individual substances themselves.
(McMurry. 50). There are two types of mixture, homogeneous and heterogeneous.
Homogeneous is a mixtures which contains of two or more substances that has
same properties. Heterogeneous is a mixture which contains of two or more
substances that has different properties. In other word the characteristics of the
substances are not uniform. Examples of homogeneous mixture are milk and
sugar water. Besides homogeneous solution, one more kind of solution is
heterogeneous mixture. In commonly, heterogeneous mixture called dispersion.
Many several of food that product by human are dispersions. Heterogeneous
mixture or dispersion can divided into two parts, there are colloid and suspension.
Examples of heterogeneous mixture are mixture between oil and water and
between sand and water.
Water is a chemical substance with chemical formula H2O. One molecule
of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen
atom. Oil is a general term for all organic liquids that are not soluble / mixed in
water (hydrophobic) but soluble in organic solvents. Oil is a triglyceride or
triasgliserol compound, which means "triesters of glycerol"

Material and method

This experiment not used any chemicals. In this experiment just use water
and oil for proving that oil and water mixture cannot mix homogeneously. The
method that use for this experiment is separation between water and oil. The
materials needed to conduct this experiment are 1 separatory funnel, 2 graduated
cylinders 10 mL, 1 set of stative and clamp, ring, 4 beaker glasses 100 mL, 1
funnel, and 2 drop pipettes.
The first step to conduct this experiment is preparing all of the materials
and equipments. Second, ring was arranged into stative and clamp. Third, the
water was measured in graduated cylinder until reached 20 mL. Drop pipette used
to get accurate volume. Fouth, 15 mL of oil was measured into graduated
cylinder. Fifth, oil and water was poured into separatory funnel. Funnel used to
make oil and water enter the separatory funnel easier.
Sixth, close the stopper of separatory funnel, after that oil and water was
mixed by shaking the separatory funnel. Seventh, after mixing oil and water, then
separatory funnel was put on the ring. Do not forget to take a beaker glass under
separatory funnel. Meanwhile, just wait for a moment until oil and water look like
separated into two parts. Eighth, open the stopcock slowly and water was come
out from the separatory funnel. Make sure that oil not came out together with
water. The stopcock was closed after all of the water came out.
Ninth, after all of the water came out, open thestopcock again until oil
came out from separatory funnel. Tenth, oil and water was measured again into
graduated cylinder. Finally, the result was observed and recorded.

Result
The result of the experiment is written in table as follows:
No. Material Volume (mL)
Before mix After mixed
1. Oil 15 mL 13 mL
2. Water 20 mL 19 mL

Picture 1. Separation of water and oil

 Picture 2. Initial volume of water and oil

From experiment data above the volume of oil and water were decreased. Before
mix in the separatory funnel volume of oil is 15 mL, but after mixed the volume
change into 13 mL. Same like oil, volume of water decrease from 20 mL into 19
mL after mixed and separated in separatory funnel.
Discussion
Oil and water cannot mix homogeneously because like mention before,
they have different properties of their substance. There are the density and the
polarity. However, once the mixing process is stopped, the particles in a
suspension will start to coalesce, due to attractive forces, into large particles that
will separate into two phases.
When separated oil and water in separatory funnel, position of the water is
above the oil. The density of water is 1 g/cm3. The density of oil is less than the
density of water which is about 0.8 - 0.9 g/cm3.
On the theory, after separation the components of the mixture will have
the same composition and properties as they did to start with. But, in this
experiment the volume of oil and water is less than before because some of the oil
and water left on the tools currently used to separate the two materials. In
addition, the reason of why the result is not equivalent with the theory because
when separating, oil and water not separate accurately run out from the separatory
funnel.
Conclusion
Conclusions from the experiments above is prove the truth that oil and
water do not mix because the differences of the polarity and the density of both
substances. Volume of oil and water are decreased. In initial volume of oil was 15
mL, after being separated into 13 mL. Initial volume of water is 20 mL and after
being separated into 19 mL.

References
Chang, Raymond. 2007. Chemistry 10 Ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
Brady. 2012. Chemistry the Molecular Nature of Matter 6 Ed. New York: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fay, McMurry. Chemistry Fourth Ed.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air