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Acknowledgements 4
Chapter One: A Brief History Of Soap 5
Acknowledgements:
Special thanks to two dear friends and catalysts of this project Katrina
Rainoshek and Silya Wiggins.
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Thanks also to the person who first showed me the cold process
soap making technique and sent me on my way soaping – Glory
O’Brian.
Chapter One:
times. As water is essential for life, the earliest people lived near
properties.
Mount Sapo, where animals were sacrificed. The rains would wash a
mixture of melted animal fat, or tallow, and wood ashes down the
hillside into the clay soil along the Tiber River. Women found, as they
washed their clothing, that this clay mixture made their wash cleaner
with much less effort. This mixture was in fact the first soap.
their ready supply of raw materials such as oil from olive trees.
The English began making soap during the 12th century. Well into the
countries. When the high tax was removed, soap became available to
improved.
obtaining this alkali, and increased both the quality and quantity of the
of milder soaps used for bathing and other soaps used in the early
until 1916, when the first synthetic detergent was developed from
early 1930s, but it was not until after World War II that it really took
off. The war-time interruption of fat and oil supplies and the military's
development.
The first detergents were used primarily for hand dishwashing and for
laundry uses came in 1946, when the first "built" detergent (detergent
Phosphate compounds.
are also found in most all of the bars and liquids used for personal
So, we can see through this brief history of soap, that we are no
Additionally, they leave our skin and hair dry and brittle forcing us to
the detergents. Our hair then produces more oils to protect us from
out creating a viscous cycle that is harmful to our health! Many of us,
have never even known that what we call soap is not at all soap, but
So why should I make my own soap anyhow? Take your pick at any
or all of the following great reasons to make your own soaps and
cleaners:
environment with the toxic chemicals that are poured into even
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cleaning products.
• Save Money $$
Here are just a few facts regarding the chemicals in cleaning and
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Over 1100 toxic chemicals banned in Europe are still being used
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(EPA)
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fumes can irritate the lungs, and as such poses a serious health risk
You may already be aware of the other very common and highly
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its close relatives are eye irritants, and are not well metabolized by
mind it is easy to see how much suffering and hardships one will save
by making your own soaps and cleaners, not to mention the money
savings as well!
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make all your own soaps and cleaners and go the all-natural way
Chapter Three:
Getting Started
You will be so happy to see for your self how easy it is to make all of
your own soaps and cleaners that are healthy and safe for you, your
that you will need to get started creating all of your own soaps and
cleaners!
Safety goggles
Silicon/rubber scraper/spatula
Kitchen Scale
Measuring container
Large towel
Soap mold - Plastic or silicon mold to pour your soap in – this can be
any form you like, I will show you later how to figure out how much
soap will fit in any mold you find you would like to use.
Ingredients:
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you are living in North America, you may not be able to purchase lye
called Red Devil drain cleaner. So if you are living in North America,
supplies, and because lye is used in so many processes you can find
it elsewhere also.
You can purchase Lye or Sodium Hydroxide from any of the following
www.essentialdepot.com
* www.brambleberry.com
* www.thelyeguy.com
* boyercorporation.com
* www.aaa-chemicals.com/sodium-hydroxide.html
* www.texasnaturalsupply.com
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*www.lehmans.com
* www.snowdriftfarm.com
* www.thesoapdish.com
* biodieselbarn.com
You can purchase lye from a chemical supply house if you have one
You can always do a search online, check in with your local chemical
supply store, and hardware store no matter where you live in the
world. You may still be able to get it at the grocery store in the
Here are a few other sources if you are living in the UK or EU:
* www.justasoap.co.uk
* www.butterburandsage.com
* www.thesoapkitchen.co.uk
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* www.creationsfromeden.com
* soapandmore.com (Alberta)
* www.saffireblue.ca
Recipes:
There are countless recipes online that you can draw from, and I will
show you how to create your own recipes too! Here are just a few
as the directions are always the same, and we will go through them
development, and the base I use for almost every bar of soap I make!
at trace.
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At trace add any herbs you choose, pulverized oats, honey, and or
essential oils of your choice. This is the base I always use for bar
and rich and is nourishing for the skin. We even wash our hair with
this bar.
There are a wealth of other recipes you can find through a simple
www.millersoap.com
www.Soap-making-resource.com
www.soap-making-essentials.com
Each of the recipes I have personally developed are included in this e-book and will
be listed in the pages that follow. I use 3 different recipes to create all of the soaps
in my home because of what I am ultimately looking for in the end product, and also
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all the bar soaps that I make, and I use a different base for my laundry soap, and a
third base for the multi-purpose cleaner, the dish soap, and the shampoo. All of this
One 12 oz. can of evaporated goat's milk added at light trace (for
lighter colored soap with a firmer texture, you may use 6 oz.
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This chart provides you information about the properties of some oils,
want to design your own recipes. It is important to know what oils will
give you the soap you are looking for. What do you want from your
soap? A hard bar, a rich foamy lather, or are you looking for a creamy
soap that is very nourishing to the skin, or maybe you just want a
great cleaner but don’t care much about how hard the bar is, or how
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calculate how much lye you’ll need to use to get soap. You can do
you in ounces or grams how much lye and how much water to use.
They can resize or edit your formula with the click of your mouse.
There are plenty of other options out there also. Any of the sites have
simple to follow instructions, and you basically just enter the amount
of each oil you plan to use, and it spits out the exact amount of lye
you will need to fully saponify the oils into soap on up to a 10% super
fat or lye discount. Here are a few other options. Try them out and
www.cranberrylane.com/calculator.htm
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Step 1:
Create the oil mixture for your soap formula. Choose the oils and the
Step 2:
Find the Saponification number or SAP value for each of the oils. You
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Step 3:
needed to enable the oil to fully saponify and turn into soap and
glycerin. Simply multiply the SAP value of the oil and multiply it by the
Step 4:
6.39
4.05
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.64
13.76 ounces lye are needed to fully saponify the combined 100
ounces of oils. Now, this will be fully saponified, and may be a bit
harsh for the skin. So we do one final calculation to discount the lye
the lye quality can vary slightly, and the SAP values are averages
given on each oil. There are many variables that can cause the SAP
environmental conditions.
You can manually determine the amount of water that you will use to
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• Use the general rule of 1:3 ratio with fats. So for 100 ounces of
So now you have all the information you need to get going lets make
some soap!
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Get your molds and work area ready first. Soap can get going very
keep your counters and work areas clean from debris and dust. Keep
your molds covered with the lid and or towels to keep dust out.
only. Do not use aluminum ever, it will react with the Saponification
Wear long rubber gloves, & safety glasses plus a dust mask when
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lye.
Prepare the lye solution first, this will heat up and needs time to cool
down before it can be mixed with the oils. following the safety
of excess fat give softer soap. Excessive lye can cause irritation or
burning from the finished soap. Excess fat ranges from 5 to 8 % are
onto lye, the reaction can cause a volcano of lye water and serious
Never leave lye unattended & keep away from children & pets. If Lye
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The Process
Let’s use the recipe I use to make all our bar soaps, it is so simple
and easy. You can make up 100+ ounces of soap, that will yield 30 or
more large bars of soap, plenty to last the whole year through!
and carefully add lye to water & mix well. I do not recommend using
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best to mix in a well ventilated area, while wearing safety goggles and
protected area while preparing the oils. Cover the pitcher to avoid
Measure each of the oils and fats individually and accurately and
combine them in a stainless steel pot. I like to use a large soup pot as
Melt the solid oils, butters and waxes and combine with the liquid oils.
really want to over heat the oils. This can change the properties of
some oils. The oils should not need to go above 120 degrees
Fahrenheit. Turn the heat off when oils have melted and are heated
Stir the lye solution again to ensure all the crystals have dissolved,
and check the temperature. Add the lye solution into the oils when the
lye solution has cooled to about 110 degrees. Both the oils and the
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a stick blender like a Braun. Mix for 3-5 minutes to begin the
Saponification process. You will know that the process has begun
could take longer for trace. Trace becomes obvious as you can see
the mixture begin to form a trail behind the stick blender and when
you lift the blender out of the pot, (turned off of course )the
drippings land on top of the liquid and form a line or trace across the
mix with the stick blender. Mix in fragile additives such as herbs, and
Pour into molds. Cover and insulate with a large towel, allow to set up
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will not be hot, it just allows for air to flow all around the soap. After
3-5 days, cut the soap into bars and allow it to cure in a protected
cool dry area. Cover the soap as it is curing with a linen cloth to allow
airflow and prevent dust and debris from settling in the soap. The
bars will take one month to finish curing and harden for use. Soap,
like wine gets better as it sits. The longer it cures the harder it gets,
Clean your equipment with hot water. Do not pour large amounts of
raw soap down the drain. It can cure in place and create plumbing
24 hours, as the pot is then lined with soap, and I can just add water
that can be a bit ‘stingy’ on the hands. Freshly mixed soap is still
loaded with lye solution, but 24 hours later it is all soap and the lye is
gone.
Chapter 5:
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For best results, use an unscented base to start from for re-batching.
You can also melt down and re-use soap scraps, and left over bits, or
re-batch to fix a botched batch for example, too much or too little lye,
honey that did not melt in, or any imperfection you would see/find to
Many people find it very tricky, some even find it more trouble than it
is worth. I think it is very individual, and in playing with it, you just may
discover something that you love. I did, and now I get to share it with
you. When I make laundry soap, dish soap, shampoo, and multi-
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Hand milling, or re-batching to a bar gives you a hard and solid bar
as if it were just cured cold process soap. There are several methods
or techniques to hand milling you can play with if you get into it. As it
is an art, you may find that you love it just as described, or that
tweaking these methods works better for you. Either way, these
Method 1:
steel double boiler top pot and just cover with water or milk. let it sit
out overnight so the soap can totally soak up and incorporate the
water or milk.
with liquid, heat them with lid on pan in double boiler for about 10
minutes. You will get a beautiful gel! Add the fragile fragrances, or
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don’t have a double boiler, you can make one by placing one pan
over the top of another that has boiling water in it. You may need to
baby-sit it the pot a bit more than the real thing, but it will work.
Method 2:
Boil in Bag:
This method works best for hand milling small amounts of soap
scraps. You can only fit so much into a zip lock bag.
* Place grated soap into a large freezer zip lock bag along with any
* If the soap is really dry, you may want to add a small amount of
Put in Ziplocs
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* Once the bag is sealed, place it into a pot of simmering water and
put on the lid. Periodically check the bag to see if the soap is melting.
* When the soap begins melting, remove the bag and mush or
squeeze the mixture to blend it. You may want to wear oven mitts or
* When the soap has melted completely, quickly remove the bag
* Clip the corner of the bag at the bottom of the soap and pipe it
* Remove and cut the re-batched bars when the soap is completely
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pot.
* Turn on the crock-pot to low and put the lid on the pot.
burning.
* Once the grated soap bits are transparent, you can add your color,
oil or scent.
* Just gently mix the additives in and when it is blended, spoon it into
your mold.
* If you like, add a small amount of goats milk, whole milk or coconut
* You'll want to work quickly so the mix doesn't cool before you get
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These methods are less well known and can be totally adapted and
It is simple and fun to do, and this is where you really SAVE the BIG
I use double filtered and boiled rain water – distilled by nature, and
other natural products and your own soap to make all the products
you need for your home, and family. By using different ratios of the
herbal and other plant derived extracts and or essential oils, you can
make all of your own laundry soap, dish washing soap, body - bath,
hand, and face soaps, plus your own shampoos and all natural, all
BUYING for a full year for under $50 US? * All in one
price may vary by a few dollars based on where you live in the world.
It will vary also depending on the oils you choose to use, however,
depending on where you live, and what brand names you have been
even more than the average statistics show, and you may not even
realize but even some of the most expensive brands are still using
the airways.
Chapter 6:
Step by Step – Make your own Laundry Soap
Get ready for simplicity here.
For every 1 Liter, or 33 ounces of distilled water, add 1.25 ounces of
grated soap from the following recipe for cold process soap making:
LAUNDRY SOAP BASE:
Castor Oil 5 ounces 5%
Sunflower Oil 20 ounces 20%
Olive Oil 30 ounces 30%
Palm Oil 45 ounces 45%
13.15 ounces Lye, dissolved in
32 ounces distilled water.
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2. Turn off the heat and add the rosemary and any other fresh or
dried herbs you desire. Be careful – too many or the wrong kind
can spoil your laundry soap. For instance, citrus peel works
best added at the end when no further heat will be applied. . I
prefer to add the herbs in a filter bag/cloth so as not to need to
strain to soap. I only use other herbs that are very cleansing or
antibacterial in nature – rosemary is great because it grows
easily in the yard, or in a pot so you can have it on hand. It is a
natural preservative, is antibacterial, and smells nice too! Leave
the herbs to steep, covered for 10-15 minutes.
3. Remove the herbs and return the heat to the pot, SET ON LOW
NOW.
4. Add the grated soap – 6 ounces and allow it to slowly melt
down over low heat, uncovered
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7. Turn off the flame, and cover the pot. Leave it sit covered
overnight or at least 8-12 hours. I often make this in the
morning, and let it sit 24 hours. Don’t let it go too much longer.
8. Add 5 drops per liter (20 drops) of any essential oil you would
like for smell or anti-bacterial or other benefit. (OPTIONAL)
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Chapter 7:
Step by Step – make you own dish soap
ALL NATURAL!
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water for the amount of grated soap you will use. You can of
course use any base recipe you like for this re-batch to dish
Castor Oil 5 oz 5%
water. This gives a 4.75% lye discount, or super fat. Perfect for
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Soap?
incorporated into the water and you will no longer see any
minutes uncovered.
7. Add ½ cup sea salt and stir with a wire whisk until
dissolved.
8. Cover, and allow soap to cool and sit 8-12 hours. Try not
9. Add any essential oils that you would like, I add just a bit
accentuate it a bit more. You could add any scent you wish.
creamy thick liquid. You may need to use your stick blender
if you have waited too long. The soap can harden in the pot
but won’t harden all the way through like it will in the tubs
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days before use for maximum suds and longer lasting soap.
Chapter 8:
Multi-Purpose Cleaners!
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aware of:
are superb all natural cleaners that are easy to obtain, and
using them:
• Clean counter tops and make them smell sweet again with a
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then one cup hot white distilled vinegar. Let this sit for 5
soda and 1/2 cup hot white distilled vinegar. Let sit for 5
• Clean your ceramic, and linoleum floors with 1 cup vinegar for
If you would like to see 1001 uses for white distilled vinegar, check
http://www.vinegartips.com/Scripts/
purpose cleaner all on its own, however some people find the aroma
offensive, our household finds, we like to mix it with our own home
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full strength to clean the toilets, I have friends who prefer to use this
for their dish washing as they just prefer a liquid. I dilute it with just
counters, spills and messes, the table, and any other light cleaning
job I have. I also use it to wash any outside furniture and toys, my
stain/spot remover for clothes too because of the citrus oils. I put it
on full strength and leave the item in the sun. The spot/stain is usually
gone from this treatment, and for sure after a wash in the machine.
Always double check if you are drying your clothes in a heated dryer
as the stain will set with heat if it is still there. So here we go step by
Either of the last two soap bases that we have recipes for above will
whisk.
soap will likely be incorporated into the water and you will no
6.Turn off the flame, and add the ½ cup citrus zest. Stir with wire
7. Add the ¼ cup sea salt, stir with wire whisk until dissolved.
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make this in the morning, and let it sit 24 hours. Don’t let it go too
much longer.
Cleaner!
Chapter 9:
Step by Step, make your own shampoo!
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is a bit more time consuming than the others, and well worth it.
You can still make up all that you will need for the year in just a
few hours and while you are doing other things in the kitchen.
It is important to realize that what you have most likely been using
to wash your hair is loaded with petro chemicals. Yes, even the all
toxic, sick, and confused. They create more oil and grease while
all those harmful chemicals have a chance to get in, right through
the skin on your head. Look at the label, anything that you can not
surfactants.
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that you will learn how to make here, than by just going cold
but water. You can also go cold turkey and avoid making your
own shampoo, and ever having to wash your hair again. You
your hair with anything other than water for 3 weeks to 3 months
until your hair stops looking like you dressed it with your favorite
salad dressing! I tried to make it and could not, but using the
my hair de-toxed, and I get it really clean, and have never had to
I will go over the herbs and their benefits for your hair. You can of
your hair!
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dandruff
helps the lather and suds to come out more, it works to clean the
hair. It contains over 200 different nutrients for your hair and
scalp! Detoxifies the hair, follicle, and scalp. It is anti fungal, and
Optional herbs/flowers :
cleansing for the hair. Chamomile can help to bring out blonde
extracts and what they can do for your hair check out
www.carrubba.com
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soap that you prefer, and the one that I have found to work best,
Castor Oil 5 oz 5%
water. This gives a 4.75% lye discount, or super fat. Perfect for
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3. Turn off the heat, add all of the plant materials, cover and
purchased at the store. If you remove the gel from the leaf, be
sure to leave the yellow sap behind by cutting off the green hard
leaf entirely.
You can add all of the plant materials in a nut milk bag or cloth
filter bag or you can add them into the pot directly and then strain
the plant material to expose the most amount of surface area for
process. I just pull it out, wipe or rinse it off, then add it back to
the water loaded with plant extracts and blend with the stick
blender.
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filter cloth, or sieve. Squeeze all of the liquid out of the filter
5. Place the aloe leaf ,if used and not gel used, back into the pot
not to allow the water to boil again at this point, just remain warm
7. Watch over your shampoo a bit more than the previous re-
much heat! Check back every few minutes and stir gently with a
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solution. Turn off the heat. Stir once more, cover and let it sit
When you come back to it. Add 1-2 vitamin E gel capsules – up to
1000 units for this 100 ounce recipe. Also add any essential oils
often add lavender and or others as well for the scent and other
benefits. General rule of thumb here, add what you like to have it
smell and feel the way you prefer. You don’t need so much so
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resources, and some practice under your belt, would selling your
It worked out great for me. I have a lovely little cottage industry
selling all of the above products that you have just learned to
make. It may be just the thing for you too. Here’s what you should
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op that lacks hand made soaps and products like those you have
and rustic to start with and get more elaborate if you choose as
You can of course set up a website and sell your soaps online as
well. You may do best with bar soaps and shampoos here, but
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Play with the recipes I gave you, and make your own up too, have
fun and NEVER worry about making a mistake. This is an art form
Your hand made soaps will make fantastic gifts regardless if you
sell them or not. Giving them away may even be how you get
soap as gifts to friends and soon they were back asking for more.
market, and has a HUGE need for all natural alternatives for
all made perfect sense for me. If you love it, you may find yourself
Appendix:
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Anything and Everything you could ever need to know about cold
process soap making that you could not find in the pages above or
the instructional videos you can find out here:
www.millersoap.com
www.Soap-making-resource.com
www.soap-making-essentials.com
Lye Calculators:
www.thesage.com/calcs/lyecalc2.php
www.cranberrylane.com/calculator.htm
www.sudsandscents.com/lye_calculator.htm
Lye Suppliers:
www.brambleberry.com
www.boyercorporation.com
www.essentialdepot.com
www.thelyeguy.com/store/store.php
www.snowdriftfarm.com
www.thesoapdish.com
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housekeeping.about.com/cs/environment/a/alternateclean.htm
greenlivingideas.com/2008/04/27/natural-cleaning-recipes/
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