TEORY ASSIGNMENT

PROBLEM 1

Host IP Address :-172.30.1.33

Subnet Mask :-255.255.255.0

172.30.1.33 IP Address to BINARY

172-128 44-64 44-32 12-16 12-8 4-4 0-2 0-1

=44(1) =0 =12(1) =0 =4(1) 0(1) =0 =0

30-128 30-64 30-32 30-16 14-8 6-4 2-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =14(1) =6(1) =2(1) =0(1) =0

1-128 1-64 1-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)

33-128 33-64 33-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =1(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)
ANSWER= 10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00100001

255.255.255.0 Subnet Mask to BINARY

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

0-128 0-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER= 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000
NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS

To find subnet bits.

Step 1

Change the subnet mask to the binary number.

255 . 255 . 255 . 0 subnet mask

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000  binary number

Step 2

After that you must count number 1 in the binary number and then subtract with the total binary
number.

Number of 1 in the binary number 24

Total number of binary 32

32-24=8

ANSWER:-

Number of subnet bits=8

NUMBER OF SUBNET

To find number of subnet. You need to multiply the number of bits with 2:-

=28 or 2^8

=2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2

ANSWER=256

NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000  BINARY NUMBER OF SUBNET MASK

Number of host bits per subnet=8

NUMBER OF USABLE HOST PER SUBNET

Use formula:- 2n-2

28-2=254

OR

256-2=254

SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS

172.30.1.33

172-128 44-64 44-32 12-16 12-8 4-4 0-2 0-1

=44(1) =0 =12(1) =0 =4(1) 0(1) =0 =0

30-128 30-64 30-32 30-16 14-8 6-4 2-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =14(1) =6(1) =2(1) =0(1) =0

1-128 1-64 1-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)

33-128 33-64 33-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =1(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)
ANSWER FOR IP ADDRESS=10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00100001

255.255.255.0

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

0-128 0-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER FOR SUBNET MASK=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000
 10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00100001 IP ADDRESS

(AND) 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000 SUBNET MASK

10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00000000 NETWORK

=172 . 30 . 1 . 0

SOLVING
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
128+32+8+4=172
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
16+8+4+2=30
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1=1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
=0

ANSWER=172.30.1.0

IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

The first host address is always the subnet address with the last octet incremented by 1.

Step 1

10101100 00011110 00000001 00000001

172 30 1 1

Step 2

Network Host =172.30.1.0

+ 1

172.30.1.1
IP ADDRESS FOR LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

Added the number of usable host per subnet to get last host

172 .30 .1 .0 NETWORK HOST

+ 254

172.30.1.254

ANSWER=172.30.1.254

BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET

Take back the answer of the last host and Added 1 at the last bit host to get broadcast address.

172 . 30 . 1 . 254

+ 1

172 . 30 . 1 . 255

ANSWER=172.30.1.255

1 HOST IP ADDRESS 172.30.1.33

2 SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0
3 NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS 8
4 NUMBER OF SUBNET 256
5 NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET 8
6 NUMBER OF USABLE HOSTS PER SUBNET 254
7 SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS 172.30.1.0
8 IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 172.30.1.1
9 IP ADDRESS OF LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 172.30.1.254
10 BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET 172.30.1.255
PROBLEM 2

Host IP Address :-172.30.1.33

Subnet Mask :-255.255.255.224

172.30.1.33IP Address to BINARY

172-128 44-64 44-32 12-16 12-8 4-4 0-2 0-1

=44(1) =0 =12(1) =0 =4(1) =0(1) =0 =0

30-128 30-64 30-32 30-16 14-8 6-4 2-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =14(1) =6(1) =2(1) =0(1) =0

1-128 1-64 1-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)

33-128 33-64 33-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =1(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)
ANSWER= 10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00100001

255.255.255.224Subnet Mask to BINARY

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

224-128 96-64 32-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=96(1) =32(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11100000
NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS

To find subnet bits.

Step 1

Change the subnet mask to the binary number.

255 . 255 . 255 . 224 subnet mask

11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000  binary number

Step 2

After that you must count number 1 in the binary number and then subtract with the total binary
number.

Number of 1 in the binary number 27

Total number of binary 32

32-27=5

ANSWER:-

Number of subnet bits=5

NUMBER OF SUBNET

To find number of subnet. You need to multiply the number of bits with 2:-

25 or 2^5

2x2x2x2x2

ANSWER=32

NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET

11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000  BINARY NUMBER OF SUBNET MASK

Number of host bit per subnet=5

NUMBER OF USABLE HOST PER SUBNET

Use formula:- 2n-2

25-2=30

OR

32-2=30

SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS

172.30.1.33

172-128 44-64 44-32 12-16 12-8 4-4 0-2 0-1

=44(1) =0 =12(1) =0 =4(1) =0(1) =0 =0

30-128 30-64 30-32 30-16 14-8 6-4 2-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =14(1) =6(1) =2(1) =0(1) =0

1-128 1-64 1-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)

33-128 33-64 33-32 1-16 1-8 1-4 1-2 1-1

=0 =0 =1(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0(1)
ANSWER FOR IP ADDRESS=10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00100001

255.255.255.224

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

224-128 96-64 32-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=96(1) =32(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER FOR SUBNET MASK=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11100000
 10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00100001 IP ADDRESS

(AND) 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11100000 SUBNET MASK

10101100 . 00011110 . 00000001 . 00100000 NETWORK

172 . 30 . 1 . 32

SOLVING

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
128+32+8+4=172
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
16+8+4+2=30
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1=1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
32=32

ANSWER=172.30.1.32

IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

The first host address is always the subnet address with the last octet incremented by 1.

Step 1

10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001

172 30 1 33

Step 2

Network Host =172.30.1.32

+ 1

172.30.1.33
IP ADDRESS FOR LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

Added the number of usable host per subnet to get last host.

172.30.1.32

+ 30

172.30.1.62

ANSWER=172.30.1.62

BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET

Take back the answer of the last host and Added 1 at the last bit host to get broadcast address.

172.30.1.62

+ 1

172.30.1.63

ANSWER=172.30.63

1 HOST IP ADDRESS 172.30.1.33

2 SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.224
3 NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS 5
4 NUMBER OF SUBNET 32
5 NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET 5
6 NUMBER OF USABLE HOSTS PER SUBNET 30
7 SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS 172.30.1.32
8 IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 172.30.1.33
9 IP ADDRESS OF LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 172.30.1.62
10 BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET 172.30.1.63
PROBLEM 3

Host IP Address :-192.192.10.234

Subnet Mask :-255.255.255.128

192.192.10.234IP Address to BINARY

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

10-128 10-64 10-32 10-16 10-8 2-4 2-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =2(1) =0 =0(1) =0

234-128 106-64 42-32 10-16 10-8 2-4 2-2 0-1

=106(1) =42(1) =10(1) =0 =2(1) =0 =0(1) =0
ANSWER=11000000 . 11000000 . 00001010 . 11101010

255.255.255.128Subnet Mask to BINARY

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

128-128 0-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 10000000
NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS

To find subnet bits.

Step 1

Change the subnet mask to the binary number.

255 . 255 . 255 . 128 Subnet mask

11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 Binary number

Step 2

After that you must count number 1 in the binary number and then subtract with the total binary
number.

Number of 1 in the binary number 25

Total number of binary 32

32-25=7

ANSWER:-

Number of subnet bits=7

NUMBER OF SUBNET

To find number of subnet. You need to multiply the number of bits with 2:-

27or 2^7

2x2x2x2x2x2x2

ANSWER=128

NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET

11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 BINARY NUMBER OF SUBNET MASK

Number of host bit per subnet=7

NUMBER OF USABLE HOST PER SUBNET

Use formula:- 2n-2

27-2=126

OR

128-2=126

SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS

192.192.10.234

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

10-128 10-64 10-32 10-16 10-8 2-4 2-2 0-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =2(1) =0 =0(1) =0

234-128 106-64 42-32 10-16 10-8 2-4 2-2 0-1

=106(1) =42(1) =10(1) =0 =2(1) =0 =0(1) =0
ANSWER FOR IP ADDRESS=11000000 . 11000000 . 00001010 . 11101010

255.255.255.128

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

128-128 0-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER FOR SUBNET MASK=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 10000000
 11000000 . 11000000 . 00001010 . 11101010 IP ADDRESS

(AND) 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 10000000 SUBNET MASK

11000000 . 11000000 . 00001010 . 10000000 NETWORK

192 . 192 . 10 . 128

SOLVING
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
128+64=192
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
128+64=192
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
8+2=10
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128=128

ANSWER=192.192.10.128

IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

The first host address is always the subnet address with the last octet incremented by 1.

Step 1

11000000 11000000 00001010 10000001

192 192 10 129

Step 2

Network Host =192.192.10.128

+ 1

192.192.10.129
IP ADDRESS FOR LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

Added the number of usable host per subnet to get last host.

192.192.10.128

+ 126

192.192.10.254

ANSWER=192.192.10.254

BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET

Take back the answer of the last host and Added 1 at the last bit host to get broadcast address.

192.192.10.254

+ 1

192.192.10.255

ANSWER=192.192.10.255

1 HOST IP ADDRESS 192.192.10.234

2 SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.128
3 NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS 7
4 NUMBER OF SUBNET 128
5 NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET 7
6 NUMBER OF USABLE HOSTS PER SUBNET 126
7 SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS 192.192.10.128
8 IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 192.192.10.129
9 IP ADDRESS OF LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 192.192.10.254
10 BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET 192.192.10.255
PROBLEM 4

Host IP Address:-192.168.3.219

Subnet Mask:-255.255.255.192

192.168.3.219IP Address to BINARY

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

168-128 40-64 40-32 8-16 8-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=40(1) =0 =8(1) =0 =0(1) =0 =0 =0

3-128 3-64 3-32 3-16 3-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =1(1) =0(1)

219-128 91-64 27-32 27-16 11-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=91(1) =27(1) =0 =11(1) =3(1) =0 =1(1) =0(1)
ANSWER=11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11011011

255.255.255.192Subnet Mask to BINARY

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11000000
NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS

To find subnet bits.

Step 1

Change the subnet mask to the binary number.

255 . 255 . 255 . 192 Subnet mask

11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Binary number

Step 2

After that you must count number 1 in the binary number and then subtract with the total binary
number.

Number of 1 in the binary number 26

Total number of binary 32

32-26=6

ANSWER

Number of subnet bits=6

NUMBER OF SUBNET

To find number of subnet. You need to multiply the number of bits with 2:-

26or 2^6

2x2x2x2x2x2

ANSWER=64

NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET

11111111 111111111 11111111 11000000 BINARY NUMBER OF SUBNET MASK

Number of host bit per subnet=6

NUMBER OF USABLE HOST PER SUBNET

Use formula:- 2n-2

26-2=62

OR

64-2=62

SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS

192.168.3.219

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

168-128 40-64 40-32 8-16 8-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=40(1) =0 =8(1) =0 =0(1) =0 =0 =0

3-128 3-64 3-32 3-16 3-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =1(1) =0(1)

219-128 91-64 27-32 27-16 11-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=91(1) =27(1) =0 =11(1) =3(1) =0 =1(1) =0(1)
ANSWER FOR IP ADDRESS=11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11011011

255.255.255.192

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0
ANSWER FOR SUBNET MASK=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11000000
 11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11011011 IP ADDRESS

(AND) 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11000000 SUBNET MASK

11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11000000 NETWORK

192 . 168 . 3 . 192

SOLVING
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
128+64=192
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
128+32+8=168
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
2+1=3
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
128+64=192

ANSWER= 192.168.3.192

IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

The first host address is always the subnet address with the last octet incremented by 1.

Step 1

11000000 10101000 00000011 11000001

192 168 3 193

Step 2

Network Host =192.168.3.192

+ 1

192.168.3.193
IP ADDRESS FOR LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

Added the number of usable host per subnet to get last host.

192.168.3.192

+ 62

192.168.3.254

ANSWER=192.168.3.254

BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET

Take back the answer of the last host and Added 1 at the last bit host to get broadcast address.

192.168.3.254

+ 1

192.168.3.255

ANSWER=192.168.3.255

1 HOST IP ADDRESS 192.168.3.219

2 SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.192
3 NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS 6
4 NUMBER OF SUBNET 64
5 NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET 6
6 NUMBER OF USABLE HOSTS PER SUBNET 62
7 SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS 192.168.3.192
8 IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 192.168.3.193
9 IP ADDRESS OF LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 192.168.3.254
10 BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET 192.168.3.255
PROBLEM 5

Host IP Address :-192.186.3.219

Subnet Mask :-255.255.255.252

192.168.3.219IP Address to BINARY

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

168-128 40-64 40-32 8-16 8-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=40(1) =0 =8(1) =0 =0(1) =0 =0 =0

3-128 3-64 3-32 3-16 3-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =1(1) =0(1)

219-128 91-64 27-32 27-16 11-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=91(1) =27(1) =0 =11(1) =3(1) =0 =1(1) =0(1)
ANSWER=11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11011011

255.255.255.252Subnet Mask to BINARY

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

252-128 124-64 60-32 28-16 12-8 4-4 0-2 0-1

=124(1) =60(1) =28(1) =12(1) =4(1) =0(1) =0 =0
ANSWER=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111100
NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS

To find subnet bits.

Step 1

Change the subnet mask to the binary number.

255 . 255 . 255 . 252 Subnet mask

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100 Binary number

Step 2

After that you must count number 1 in the binary number and then subtract with the total binary
number.

Number of 1 in the binary number 30

Total number of binary 32

32-30=2

ANSWER

Number of subnet bits=2

NUMBER OF SUBNET

To find number of subnet. You need to multiply the number of bits with 2:-

22or 2^2

2x2

ANSWER=4

NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100BINARY NUMBER OF SUBNET MASK

Number of host bit per subnet=2

NUMBER OF USABLE HOST PER SUBNET

Use formula:- 2n-2

22-2=2

OR

4-2=2

SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS

192.168.3.219

192-128 64-64 0-32 0-16 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=64(1) =0(1) =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0

168-128 40-64 40-32 8-16 8-8 0-4 0-2 0-1

=40(1) =0 =8(1) =0 =0(1) =0 =0 =0

3-128 3-64 3-32 3-16 3-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =1(1) =0(1)

219-128 91-64 27-32 27-16 11-8 3-4 3-2 1-1

=91(1) =27(1) =0 =11(1) =3(1) =0 =1(1) =0(1)
ANSWER FOR IP ADDRESS=11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11011011

255.255.255.252

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

255-128 127-64 63-32 31-16 15-8 7-4 3-2 1-1

=127(1) =63(1) =31(1) =15(1) =7(1) =3(1) =1(1) =0(1)

252-128 124-64 60-32 28-16 12-8 4-4 0-2 0-1

=124(1) =60(1) =28(1) =12(1) =4(1) =0(1) =0 =0
ANSWER FOR SUBNET MASK=11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111100
 11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11011011 IP ADDRESS

(AND) 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111100SUBNET MASK

11000000 . 10101000 . 00000011 . 11011000NETWORK

192 . 168 . 3 . 216

SOLVING
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
128+64=192
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
128+32+8=168
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
2+1=3
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
128+64+16+8=216

ANSWER= 192.168.3.216

IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

The first host address is always the subnet address with the last octet incremented by 1.

Step 1

11000000 10101000 00000011 11011001

192 168 3 217

Step 2

Network Host =192.168.3.216

+ 1

192.168.3.217
IP ADDRESS FOR LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET

Added the number of usable host per subnet to get last host.

192.168.3.216

+ 2

192.168.3.218

ANSWER=192.168.3.218

BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET

Take back the answer of the last host and Added 1 at the last bit host to get broadcast address.

192.168.3.218

+ 1

192.168.3.219

ANSWER=192.168.3.219

1 HOST IP ADDRESS 192.168.3.219

2 SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.252
3 NUMBER OF SUBNET BITS 2
4 NUMBER OF SUBNET 4
5 NUMBER OF HOST BITS PER SUBNET 2
6 NUMBER OF USABLE HOSTS PER SUBNET 2
7 SUBNET ADDRESS FOR THIS IP ADDRESS 192.168.3.216
8 IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 192.168.3.217
9 IP ADDRESS OF LAST HOST ON THIS SUBNET 192.168.3.218
10 BROADCAST ADDRESS FOR THIS SUBNET 192.168.3.219