FLOW CHART

Choose the right sample

compartment that is
suitable for the sample
you are going to Insert carefully the ATD
analyzed. Since we are and make sure the source
going to analyze light is turned on.
imulsions, using the
ATD is best
recommended.

Scan Sample 1 and Scan Background

Sample 2
( Instrument  Scan
( Instrument  Scan Background )
Sample )

To compare
Print graph
( Process  Compare )

To identify
( Compare plotted graphs
Print graph
with a set of compiled
data to identify the
impurities. See Graph A,
Graph B and Graph C )
 RESULTS

1. Spectral Analysis

Sample 1 : Pond’s Face Toner

Peaks Bond Compound Frequency Range, cm

3310.63 N-H Amines 3500-3300 (m) stretch

2360.13 O-H Carboxylic acids 3000-2500 (b) stretch

2338.28 O-H Carboxylic acids 3000-2500 (b) stretch

2137.67 C C Alkynes 2260-2100 (w,sh) stretch

1637.64 1. C - H 1. Phenyl Ring Substitution 1. 2000-1600 (w) –

2. N - H Overtones fingerprint region
3. NO 2. Amines 2. 1650-1580 (m) bend
3. Nitro Compounds 3. 1660-1500 (s)
asymmetrical stretch

1417.46 C-H Alkanes 1470-1350 (v) scissoring and

bending

1084.21 1. C – O 1. Alcohols, Ethers, 1. 1260-1000 (s) stretch

2. C - N Carboxylic acids, Esters 2. 1340-1020 (m) stretch
2. Amines
1044.31 1. C - O 1. Alcohols, Ethers, 1. 1260-1000 (s) stretch
2. C - N Carboxylic acids, Esters 2. 1340-1020 (m) stretch
2. Amines
696.21 1. C – H 1. Alkenes 1. 1000-675 (s) bend
2. C – H 2. Phenyl Ring Substitution 2. 870-675 (s) bend
3. C - H Bands 3. 700-610 (b) bend
3. Alkynes

615.81 C-H Alkynes 700-610 (b) bend

 Sample 2 : EyeMo Eye Drop

Peaks Bond Compound Frequency range, cm

3934.73 - - -
3311.92 1. C–H 1. Alkynes 1. 3333-3267 (s) stretch
2. O–H 2. Monomeric– Alcohol, 2. 3640-3160 (s,br)
3. O–H Phenols stretch
4. N-H 3. Hydrogen-bonded– 3. 3600-3200 (b) stretch
Alcohols, Phenols 4. 3500-3300 (m) stretch
4. Amines

2359.77 - - -
2338.86 - - -
2118.16 C C Alkynes 2260-2100 (w,sh) stretch

1636.30 1. C – H 1. Phenyl Ring Substitution 1. 2000-1600 (w) –

2. N – H Overtones fingerprint region
3. NO 2. Amines 2. 1650-1580 (m) bend
3. Nitro Compounds 3. 1660-1500 (s)
asymmetrical stretch

1404.96 C-H Alkanes 1470-1350 (v) scissoring and

bending

652.20 - - -
607.96 - - -
 DISCUSSION

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis is commonly referred to as FTIR Analysis or

FTIR Spectroscopy. It is an infrared spectroscopy method used to identify organic, polymeric, and
in some cases, inorganic materials. The FTIR test uses infrared light to scan samples and observe
chemical properties. It can identify compounds and the general type of material being analyzed
when there are unknowns. This technique is used to assess the purity of a sample and is highly
reliable for identifying base polymer composition, additives, and organic contaminants. During
testing, when infrared radiation is passed through a sample, some radiation is absorbed by the
sample and some passes through and is transmitted.

In this experiment, we had chosen two samples which is Pond’s Face Toner and EyeMo
Eye Drop. Both of this sample will be used to determine its functional group. This experiment is
start off with collecting the background spectra that can be subtracted from the test spectra. This
will ensure that the actual sample is all that is analyzed. Next, Sample 1 which is Pond’s Face
Toner will be analyzed first. After finished analyzing Sample 1, remove the sample completely
from the sample holder then put in Sample 2 which is EyeMo Eye Drop. After it is done, remove
the sample completely from the sample holder and turn off the instrument.

From this experiment, we have managed to identify the bonds, compounds and frequency
range of the sample used based on the peaks obtained from the FTIR Analysis. The impurities in
the sample are also identified from the result obtained. As we can see, in Pond’s Face Toner, there
are 10 types of compound existed and it also got its own fingerprint region starting from peak
1637.64. While in EyeMo Eye Drop, there are 7 types of compound existed and its own fingerprint
region started from peak 1636.30. For Sample 1 peak, the values are 3310.63, 2360.13, 2338.28,
2137.67, 1637.64, 1417.46, 1084.21, 1044.31, 696.21 and 615.81. For Sample 2 peak, the values
are 3934.73, 3311.92, 2359.77, 2338.86, 2118.16, 1636.30, 1404.96, 652.20 and 607.96.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion for this experiment, each sample has its own peak and its fingerprint own
fingerprint region. The compound that had been identified are from functional group which is
alkane, alkyne, alkene, amine, amide, carboxylic acid and others. The objective of this experiment
had been achieved as we had successfully done the background scanning, sample scanning,
comparing the peaks and identifying the impurities from peak comparison.

RECOMMENDATION

There are a few recommendations that can be applied to ensure that the experiment can run
smoothly in future. One of them is wiping the sample holder thoroughly with a tissue to avoid
errors on the upcoming sample. Next, the sample holder must be wiped gently so that it will not
malfunction and giving inaccurate results. Furthermore, the sample holder must be filled
completely with the sample to ensure accurate reading.
 TUTORIAL

1) What is the purpose of correlation charts?

The scatter diagram is used to find the correlation between these two variables. This
diagram helps you determine how closely the two variables are related. After determining
the correlation between the variables, you can then predict the behavior of the dependent
variable based on the measure of the independent variable. This chart is very useful when
one variable is easy to measure and the other is not.

2) What is the range of the wave number of infra red region?

Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometers (FTIR) are mainly used to measure light
absorption of so-called mid-infrared light, light in the wavenumber range of 4,000 to 400
cm-1 (wavelengths 2.5 to 25 µm), in order to identify and quantify various materials.
Measurement of near-infrared light is different in some ways from that of mid-infrared
light, and some of the characteristics and considerations associated with near-infrared light
absorption should be noted. Near-infrared light generally refers to light within the
wavenumber range of 12,500 to 4,000 cm-1 (wavelengths from 800 to 2,500 nm).

3) State an example of IR spectroscopy application in industries.

Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in industry as well as in research. It is a simple and

reliable technique for measurement, quality control and dynamic measurement. It is also
employed in forensic analysis in civil and criminal analysis.In industry, Identification
of functional group and structure elucidation.Entire IR region is divided into group
frequency region and fingerprint region. Range of group frequency is 4000-1500 cm-1
while that of finger print region is 1500-400 cm-1.In group frequency region, the peaks
corresponding to different functional groups can be observed. According to corresponding
peaks, functional group can be determined.Each atom of the molecule is connected by bond
and each bond requires different IR region so characteristic peaks are observed. This region
of IR spectrum is called as finger print region of the molecule. It can be determined by
characteristic peaks.
 REFERENCES

1) Banwell, C. N. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy McGraw-Hill Book Company

(UK)Limited, Second edition (1972).
2) Buback, Michael and Hans Peter Vögels, FT-NIR Atlas VCH.
3) Burns, Donald A. and Emil W. Ciurczak, Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, Marcel
Dekker, Inc.
4) Ferraro, John R. and Louis J. Basels, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,Application
to Chemical Systems, Academic Press.